Everybody Behaves Badly

by Lesley M. M. Blume

  218 “things get straightened”: Ernest Hemingway to Maxwell Perkins, December 6, 1926, Archives of Charles Scribner’s Sons, Princeton University Library.

  218 “extra weight”: Ernest Hemingway to Maxwell Perkins, June 24, 1927, Archives of Charles Scribner’s Sons, Princeton University Library.

  219 “wonderfully”: Ernest Hemingway to Maxwell Perkins, March 17, 1928, reprinted in Sanderson, Spanier, and Trogdon, Letters of Ernest Hemingway, 3:375. This abortive novel had been tentatively titled New Slain Knight, although this title was crossed out in pencil on the manuscript. Reynolds, Hemingway: The Homecoming, 247. Hemingway informed Perkins that it was meant to be a “modern Tom Jones.” By the following March (in the letter just cited), he informed Perkins that he had gotten twenty-two chapters and 45,000 words down, but was putting it aside to work on a new story—which would develop into A Farewell to Arms.

  219 “This next book”: Ernest Hemingway to Maxwell Perkins, March 17, 1928, reprinted in Sanderson, Spanier, and Trogdon, Letters of Ernest Hemingway, 3:375.

  219 phrase he borrowed: Carlos Baker states that Hemingway informed his family of the title’s origin. Baker, Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story, 199.

  219 “I work all”: Ernest Hemingway to Maxwell Perkins, March 17, 1928, reprinted in Sanderson, Spanier, and Trogdon, Letters of Ernest Hemingway, 3:374.

  220 “the very apotheosis”: The Nation, October 30, 1929.

  220 “big mistake”: Ernest Hemingway, “A Paris Letter,” Esquire, February 1934, 22.

  221 “only a few”: Charters, This Must Be the Place, 197.

  221 “refugees from the”: Hemingway, “A Paris Letter,” 156.

  Epilogue

  223 “B.S.”: Cannell, “Scenes with a Hero,” 145.

  223 a decade her junior: King was born in 1901, according to John Powers and Deborah D. Powers, Texas Painters, Sculptors, and Graphic Artists: A Biographical Dictionary of Artists in Texas Before 1942 (Austin: Woodmont Books, 2000). If we can rely on the birth date provided on Twysden’s death certificate—1892—that makes her nine years older.

  223 “the secret marriage”: “Lady Twysden Secretly Weds Clinton King, American Artist, in England, Records Reveal,” New York Times, August 23, 1928.

  224 his relations protested: For the family’s reaction to King’s marrying Twysden, see Sarason, “Lady Brett Ashley and Lady Duff Twysden,” 236.

  224 “an Englishwoman with”: Witter Bynner, “Expatriates,” in The Selected Witter Bynner: Poems, Plays, Translations, Prose, and Letters, ed. James Kraft (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995), 110.

  224 “entertain any false”: McAlmon, Being Geniuses Together, 271, 273.

  224 until afternoon: Sarason, “Hemingway and the Sun Set,” 47.

  224 bailed out by friends: Sarason, “Lady Brett Ashley and Lady Duff Twysden,” 238.

  225 “the most capable”: Witter Bynner to Gladys Ficke, November 12, 1930, Witter Bynner Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard College Library.

  225 “about the worst”: Edmund Wilson, The Thirties: From Notebooks and Diaries of the Period, ed. Leon Edel (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1980), 92.

  225 “on account of”: Witter Bynner to Gladys Ficke, November 12, 1930, Witter Bynner Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard College Library.

  225 “the Duff-Brett woman”: Russell Cheney to F. O. Matthiessen, November 29, 1929, F. O. Matthiessen Papers, Bienecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University Library.

  225 placed in a sanatorium: Duff took up residence in St. Vincent Hospital, which specialized in the treatment of tuberculosis. Clarke Kimball, The Hospital at the End of the Santa Fe Trail (Sante Fe: Rydal Press, 1977), 100.

  225 “She looks as”: Witter Bynner to Arthur Davison Ficke, June 5, 1938, Arthur Davison Ficke Papers, Bienecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University Library.

  225 “Mrs. Duff Stirling King”: Sayre Andrew Funeral Home, Case 787. These records are kept by Berardinelli Family Funeral Services in Santa Fe, which would not release the records to the author, but a representative confirmed the details of their contents in a telephone conversation. The records have also been summarized in David Harrell, “A Final Note on Duff Twysden,” Hemingway Review 5, no. 2 (Spring 1986): 45–46. Sayre Andrew Funeral Home, Case 787. These records are kept by Berardinelli Family Funeral Services in Santa Fe, which would not release the records to the author, but a representative confirmed the details of their contents in a telephone conversation. The records have also been summarized in David Harrell, “A Final Note on Duff Twysden,” Hemingway Review 5, no. 2 (Spring 1986): 45–46.

  225 “Brett died in”: Hotchner, Papa Hemingway, 48. A representative of Berardinelli Family Funeral Services confirmed that Duff’s records include a cremation charge; the body was transported to Albuquerque for the service. Her records do, however, include a charge for a casket, but the representative maintains that it was likely just used to transport the body. Gerald Rodriguez, interview with the author, August 2014.

  226 “Who knows if”: A. E. Hotchner, interview with the author, December 11, 2013.

  226 Loeb’s second wife: Sarason, “Hemingway and the Sun Set,” 9–10.

  226 Leaf of Twisted Olive: Bertram Sarason claims that Loeb showed the manuscript to him. Loeb’s writer character, “Hank,” was, Sarason thought, reminiscent of Hemingway, although Loeb instructed him that Hemingway was “not to be identified with Hank.” At the very least, Sarason concluded, the character “represents the quintessence of Hemingway.” Sarason, “Hemingway and the Sun Set,” 12. None of the Loeb family members consulted for this book have seen the manuscript among Loeb’s surviving papers.

  226 “gardening with a passion”: Anah Pytte, interview with the author, July 29, 2014.

  227 “it gave him”: Susan Sandberg, interview with the author, May 30, 2014; pleased by the attention: Barbara Loeb Kennedy, interview with the author, May 7, 2014.

  227 “the publisher’s interest”: Anah Pytte, interview with the author, July 29, 2014.

  227 “absolutely untrue”: Email from Valerie Hemingway to the author, April 15, 2014.

  227 “he always had”: Susan Sandberg, interview with the author, May 30, 2014.

  227 “savaged Mr. Loeb”: “Harold A. Loeb Is Dead at 82; ‘Lost Generation’ Figure in Paris,” New York Times, January 23, 1974.

  228 marriage did not last: Cannell’s marriage to Vitrac was left out of her New York Times obituary but is mentioned in passing by Malcolm Cowley in The Long Journey and cited in M. C. Rintoul, Dictionary of Real People and Places in Fiction (Abingdon, U.K.: Routledge, 1993).

  228 fashion reporter: Cannell’s New York Times obituary states that she acted as Paris-based fashion correspondent for the newspaper between 1931 and 1941. Her biography included in her 1945 book Jam Yesterday says that she contributed for two years to The New Yorker, “until the Occupation.” Kathleen Cannell, Jam Yesterday: Gay, Insouciant Reminiscences of the Late Nineties of a Happy Childhood Spent Shuttling Between Canada and the U.S.A. (New York: William Morrow & Company, 1945).

  228 “enemy-alien parolee”: Ibid., 1.

  228 “cold, hunger, dirt”: Ibid., 2.

  228 “tipped off by”: Ibid.

  228 “everything from Timeless”: “Kathleen Cannell, Sparkling Talks Feature Fashions from Paris to Main Street,” undated press material issued by Lordly & Dame, Boston. Additional information about Cannell’s career comes from Bertram D. Sarason, “Kathleen Cannell,” in Rood, Dictionary of Literary Biography, 4:68; and “Kathleen Cannell, 82, Dies; Covered Fashion for Times,” New York Times, May 23, 1974.

  229 She died exactly four months: “Kathleen Cannell, 82, Dies.

  229 “in one quick”: Katharine Hepburn, “A Note from Katharine Hepburn,” in Stewart, By a Stroke of Luck! 7.

  229 “It was said”: “Donald O. Stewart, Screenwriter, Dies,” New York Times, August 3, 1980.

  229 “By 1950 I”: Stewart, By a Stroke of Luck! 29
5, 297.

  230 “one of the”: Hepburn, “A Note from Katharine Hepburn,” 7.

  230 “In the old”: St. John, “Interview with Donald Ogden Stewart,” 190.

  230 “He didn’t sit”: Daneet Steffens, interview with the author, August 6, 2014.

  230 “He would say”: Donald Ogden Stewart Jr., interview with the author, January 26, 2015.

  231 “was a terrible”: Ibid.

  231 “the curious bitter”: Stewart, By a Stroke of Luck! 157.

  231 “no one left”: Donald Ogden Stewart to Bertram D. Sarason, June 14, 1971, quoted in Sarason, “Hemingway and the Sun Set,” 107.

  231 “‘to the colonies’”: Charters, This Must Be the Place, 69.

  231 “arranged things in”: Ibid.

  232 Guthrie’s overdose and death: Ibid., 70. For his death date and age, see “Patrick Stirling Guthrie,” “The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as Well as the Royal Families of Europe,” entry no. 54807, http://thepeerage.com/p5481.htm.

  232 “So few people”: Charters, This Must Be the Place, 70.

  232 “I felt like”: Charters, “Pat and Duff: Some Memories,” 244.

  232 Smith’s career and marriage: St. John, “Interview with Hemingway’s ‘Bill Gorton,’” 187–88.

  232 “a genius about”: Ibid., 158.

  232 It wasn’t so: Ibid., 155–56.

  233 “Every one of”: Ibid., 156.

  233 “that was the”: Ernest Hemingway, Death in the Afternoon (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1932), 89–90.

  233 raucous new home: Shay Oag, In the Presence of Death (New York: Coward-McCann, 1969), 68–70.

  233 “forgave him everything”: Ibid., 73.

  234 “absolute technical perfection”: Ernest Hemingway, The Dangerous Summer (New York: Touchstone/Simon & Schuster, 1997), 50.

  234 “Tell me”: Ibid., 52.

  235 “almost unhuman retching”: Sam Adams, “The Sun Also Sets,” Sports Illustrated, June 29, 1970, 57–60, 62–64.

  235 “Schrafft’s is a”: E. B. White, “Across the Street and into the Grill,” The New Yorker, October 14, 1950, 28.

  235 “Parody is the”: Hotchner, Papa Hemingway, 70.

  236 Advance sales: Early sales statistics for The Old Man and the Sea come from Baker, Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story, 504.

  236 “She says, ‘Shut’”: H. R. Stoneback, interview with the author, June 2, 2014.

  236 “This five million”: Ernest Hemingway to Wallace Meyer, September 26, 1952, reprinted in Baker, Ernest Hemingway: Selected Letters, 783.

  236 “mastery of the”: “The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954,” Nobelprize.org, accessed July 30, 2015, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1954/.

  236 “A true writer”: Ernest Hemingway, “Ernest Hemingway—Banquet Speech,” December 10, 1954, Nobelprize.org, accessed July 30, 2015, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1954/hemingway-speech.html.

  236 “Mr. Hemingway accidentally”: “Hemingway Dead of Shotgun Wound; Wife Says He Was Cleaning Weapon,” New York Times, July 2, 1961.

  236 “consciously lying”: Mary Welsh Hemingway, How It Was (New York: Alfred A. Knopf/Borzoi, 1976), 503.

  237 “If you are”: Hotchner, Papa Hemingway, 57.

  237 “He shrugged off”: Valerie Hemingway, interview with the author, April 28, 2015.

  237 “full of lies”: Hotchner, Papa Hemingway, 53, 48.

  237 “I once asked him”: A. E. Hotchner, interview with the author, December 11, 2013.

  Text Permission Credits

  “To a Tragic Poetess” by Ernest Hemingway, © 1992, printed with the permission of The Ernest Hemingway Foundation. • “News Item,” copyright 1926, renewed © 1954 by Dorothy Parker, from The Portable Dorothy Parker by Dorothy Parker, edited by Marion Meade. Used by permission of Viking Books, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC. The author wishes to thank the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People for authorizing use of Dorothy Parker’s work. • Excerpts from Papa Hemingway: A Personal Memoir by Aaron Edward Hotchner used with permission of Mr. Hotchner. • Excerpt from “Sacred Emily” by Gertrude Stein used by permission of the Estate of Gertrude Stein, through its Literary Executor, Stanford G. Gann Jr. of Levin and Gann, P.A. • Excerpts from the letters and interviews of Hadley Richardson Hemingway Mowrer used with permission of Angela Hemingway Charles. • Excerpt from “Expatriates” by Witter Bynner and quotes from Mr. Bynner’s letters reprinted with permission from The Witter Bynner Foundation for Poetry. • Excerpts from “The Best Times” by John Dos Passos, copyright © 1966 by John Dos Passos, used with permission of Brandt & Hochman Literary Agents, Inc. • Excerpts from By a Stroke of Luck by Donald Ogden Stewart used with permission by Luisa Gilardenghi Stewart. • Letters of Maxwell Perkins from the Charles Scribner’s Sons Archives at the Princeton University Library are quoted with permission. • Excerpt from Janet Flanner’s Paris Was Yesterday is used with permission from The New Yorker. • Excerpts from Archibald Macleish: Reflections, edited by Bernard A. Drabeck and Helen E. Ellis, are used with permission from the University of Massachusetts Press. • Excerpts from Robert McAlmon’s Being Geniuses Together, edited by Kay Boyle, are used with permission from the Boyle Estate. • Excerpts from Harold Loeb’s The Way It Was and Hemingway’s Bitterness are used with permission from the Loeb Estate. • Excerpts from the letters of Sherwood Anderson are used with permission from Harold Ober Associates. • Excerpts from the letters of Sara and Gerald Murphy are used with permission from the University Press of Florida.

  Excerpts, F. Scott Fitzgerald: Reprinted with the permission of Scribner, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., from A Life in Letters by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Edited by Matthew Bruccoli. Copyright © 1994 by The Trustees under agreement dated July 3, 1975, created by Frances Scott Fitzgerald Smith. All rights reserved. • Reprinted with the permission of Scribner, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., from Dear Scott, Dear Max: The Fitzgerald-Perkins Correspondence, and edited by John Kuehl and Jackson Bryer. Copyright © 1971 by Charles Scribner’s Sons. All rights reserved.

  Prose excerpts, Ernest Hemingway: Reprinted with the permission of Scribner, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., from A Moveable Feast by Ernest Hemingway. Copyright © 1964 by Ernest Hemingway. Copyright renewed © 1992 by John H. Hemingway, Patrick Hemingway, and Gregory Hemingway. All rights reserved. • Reprinted with the permission of Scribner, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., from The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway. Copyright © 1926 by Charles Scribner’s Sons; copyright renewed © 1954 by Ernest Hemingway. All rights reserved. • Reprinted with the permission of Scribner, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., from The Dangerous Summer by Ernest Hemingway. Copyright © 1960 by Ernest Hemingway. Copyright renewal © 1985 by Mary Hemingway, John Hemingway, Patrick Hemingway and Gregory Hemingway. All rights reserved. • Reprinted with the permission of Scribner, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., from In Our Time by Ernest Hemingway. Copyright © 1925, 1930 by Charles Scribner’s Sons. Copyright renewal © 1958 by Ernest Hemingway. All rights reserved. • Reprinted with the permission of Scribner, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., from The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway by Ernest Hemingway. Copyright © 1925, 1927, 1938 by Ernest Hemingway. Copyright renewal © 1953, 1955, 1966 by Ernest Hemingway and Mary Hemingway. All rights reserved.

  Letter excerpts, Ernest Hemingway: Reprinted with the permission of Scribner, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., from Hemingway Letters as published by Cambridge University Press under The Letters of Ernest Hemingway: Volume 2. Copyright © Hemingway Foreign Rights Trust. All rights reserved.

  Photo Credits

  Ernest and Hadley Hemingway on their wedding day: Ernest Hemingway Collection, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston. • Sherwood Anderson: Chicago History Museum/Getty Images. • Hemingway’s 1923 passport photo: Ernest Hemingway Collection, John F. Ke
nnedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston. • The newlyweds: Ernest Hemingway Collection, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston. • Le Dôme café: Apic/Getty Images. • Ezra Pound: Hulton Archive/Getty Images. • Gertrude Stein: Jewish Chronicle Heritage Images/Getty Images. Sylvia Beach: Berenice Abbott/Getty Images. • Hemingway at Shakespeare and Company: Sylvia Beach Papers, Box 168, Folder 23; Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library. • Robert McAlmon: Sylvia Beach Papers, Box 170, Folder 1; Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library. • Robert McAlmon and Hemingway: Sylvia Beach Papers, Box 168, Folder 25; Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library. • Robert McAlmon and Bill Bird: Sylvia Beach Papers, Box 168, Folder 25; Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library. • Rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs: Sylvia Beach Papers, Box 169, Folder 2; Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library. • La Closerie des Lilas: Branger/Roger Viollet/Getty Images. • Ford Madox Ford: E. O. Hoppe/Getty Images. • Hemingway and his son Jack “Bumby” Hemingway skiing: Sylvia Beach Papers, Box 169, Folder 3; Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library. • Harold Loeb: © Man Ray Trust/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/ADAGP, Paris 2015. • Kathleen “Kitty” Cannell: National Archives and Records Administration, Record Group 59, Archives II Branch, College Park, Maryland. • Donald Ogden Stewart: The Granger Collection, New York. • Horace Liveright: Courtesy of George Eastman House, International Museum of Photography and Film; © Nickolas Muray Photo Archives. • Pauline Pfeiffer: Apic/Getty Images. Sara and Gerald Murphy: © Estate of Honoria Murphy Donnelly/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY. • F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda: Mondadori Portfolio/Getty Images. • Maxwell Perkins: Archives of Charles Scribner’s Sons, Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library. • Bill Smith and Hemingway fishing: Sylvia Beach Papers, Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library. • Hemingway and entourage at a café in Pamplona: Ernest Hemingway Collection, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston. • Harold Loeb at the 1925 Pamplona fiesta: Reproduced with permission of the Loeb Estate. • Hemingway in the bullring: Ernest Hemingway Collection, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston. • Cayetano Ordóñez: Photo by M. Martin/© ullstein bild/The Image Works. • Hadley Hemingway and Pauline Pfeiffer: Patrick Hemingway Papers, Box 2, Folder 9; Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library. • Dorothy Parker: Hulton Archive/Getty Images. • Gerald Murphy, Sara Murphy, Pauline Pfeiffer, Hemingway, and Hadley Hemingway: Ernest Hemingway Collection, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston. • Advertisement for The Sun Also Rises: The New Yorker, October 1926. Reproduced with permission from The New Yorker.