Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), xiii, 153–78, 180
CIA’s relationship with, 164–65
Ohanian, Alexis, 418–20
Old Executive Office Building (OEOB), 213
Olsen, Matt, 425
On Thermonuclear War (Kahn), 147
Ostfriesland, 148, 150
O’Sullivan, Stephanie, 163
outsourcing and contractors, 287–88, 317
Pace, Pete, 158
País, 420
Pakistan, 115, 119, 203–7, 209, 211, 219, 270, 317, 329, 335, 336, 344–53, 357
Durand Line and, 209, 349
FATA in, 335, 342, 344–48
Hayden in, 203–6
India and, 204, 345, 346, 351–52
Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), 46, 204–5, 207, 209, 336n, 344, 345, 348–50, 352–53
Islamabad, see Islamabad
Lashkar-e-Taiba (LET) in, 351–53
Taj Mahal Palace Hotel attack and, 351–52
Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), 349
Palestinian Authority (PA), 324
Palestinians, 252, 318, 323–24, 328
Pan Am Flight 103, 249
Panetta, Leon, 50, 120, 168, 173–74, 212, 282, 284, 288, 299, 306, 329, 330, 373
appointed CIA director, 358, 361–65
interrogation and, 382, 384, 387–89, 391–93, 395
Pasha, Ahmed Shuja, 205, 336, 345, 352–53
Pashtuns, 208, 209, 341–42, 345, 347
Patriot Act, 90n, 102, 112, 406
Patterson, Anne, 336, 348, 349–50
PBS, 131
Pearl Harbor, 153
Pelosi, Nancy, 79, 104–5, 226, 391, 394
Pepper, David, 36, 41–42, 74
Perry, Bill, 212
Peru, 281–83
Petraeus, David, 168, 293, 329–30
Petraeus, Holly, 329
Petty, Tom, 30
Pfeiffer, Larry, 162, 180, 285, 311
Philbin, Patrick, 84, 85, 90
Philippines, 225
Pinkerton, Allan, 49–50
Pittsburgh, Pa., 243–54
Pittsburgh Marathon, 248–49, 377
Pittsburgh Steelers, 63, 111, 227, 243, 244–45, 247–48, 251, 365, 372
Plame, Valerie, 122, 124
Plato, 427
Poitras, Laura, 124, 411, 415, 419
policy makers vs. intelligence officers, 210, 428–29
Politico, 391
Powell, Colin, 50–51, 267, 372
Predator, 31, 53, 61, 337
President’s Daily Brief (PDB), 211, 355–56, 432
of Bush, 211, 288–89, 329n, 335, 373, 376
of Obama, 355–57, 376–77
press, 114–16, 118
Priest, Dana, 104, 114, 168, 187
principal deputy director of National Intelligence (PDDNI), 161
Hayden as, xii, 161, 163, 167, 182, 360
PRISM, 403, 405–6, 410, 420
privacy, 4, 5, 18, 19, 38, 43, 73, 97, 105, 411, 415, 417
Protect America Act, 90n, 112
Publications Review Board (PRB), 121–22
public’s right to know, 115, 118, 120–21
Pulitzer Prize, 103–4, 114, 123, 168, 326–27
Putin, Vladimir, 328
Puzo, Mario, 260
Puzzle Palace, The (Bamford), 131
Pyle, Ernie, 248, 249
Qom, 293–94, 307
Quds Force, 291, 293, 323
Qutb, Sayyid, 385
Rahim al-Afghani, Muhammad, 234–35, 237–39
Rahman, Gul, 399
Rauf, Rashid, 206–7
reconnaissance, 137
Red Cross, 231–32, 381
Red Mosque, 346–48
rendition, detention, and interrogation (RDI) program, 72, 168, 217, 219, 229, 230, 242, 354–55, 373, 389, 395, 402, 426
Obama and, 354–55, 357–58
SSCI report on, 396–402
see also detainees; interrogations; renditions
renditions, 357–58, 368, 369, 385
for purposes of torture, 363–65, 401
Reuters, 413, 414–15
Reyes, Silvestre, 226
Rice, Condoleezza, 49, 79, 93, 94–95, 96, 99, 100, 126, 225, 262, 294–95, 303, 319, 372
Richer, Rob, 165–66
right to know, 115, 118, 120–21
Risen, James, 92–95, 99, 103–4, 117, 126, 168
State of War, 99, 100, 108–9, 126
Rizzo, John, 228, 368, 379, 395
roamers, 411–12
Roark, Diane, 22, 24, 25
Robb, Chuck, 212, 404
Roberts, Pat, 42, 80, 102, 105, 184
Robertson, James, 109
Rockefeller, Jay, 79–80, 86, 102, 227–28, 400–401
Rodriguez, Jose, 122, 165, 203, 206, 207, 238, 240, 346
Rogers, Mike, 285
Rohde, David, 115
Rooney, Art, 245
Rooney, Dan, 111, 244–45, 251
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 321
Roosevelt, Theodore, 326
Rose, Charlie, 410
Ross, Brian, 116–17
Rove, Karl, 373
Rubaie, Mowaffak al, 198, 199
Rudd, Kevin, 37
Rumsfeld, Donald, 57, 144, 158–60, 178, 184, 213, 372
Russert, Tim, 119–20, 354
Russia, 54, 132, 180, 310–12, 328, 417
Russian poisonings, 234
Ryan, Mike, 8–9
Saakashvili, Mikheil, 310–11, 312
Saddam Hussein, 2, 47, 48, 197, 199, 201, 304
English-speaking spokesman of, 61
WMD program of, 49–52, 119
SAIC, 20, 23
Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought, 421
Saleh, Amrullah, 208–10, 316–17
Salman, King, 322
Salt, 272
Samarra, 195
Samarrai, Wafiq al-, 198
Sanger, David, 268, 307, 370
Sarkozy, Nicolas, 431
Sattler, John, 63
Saudi Arabia, 45, 198, 320, 321–22, 323
Saudi Aramco, 131
Scarlett, John, 222, 333n
Schakowsky, Jan, 226
Scharioth, Klaus, 220, 222
Schäuble, Wolfgang, 219–20
Scheidt, Mary Jane, 180
Schieffer, Bob, 425
Schlesinger, Jim, 120, 394
Schmidt, Howard, 130, 151
Schröder, Gerhard, 417
Science and Technology (S&T), 285, 297, 300
Scowcroft, Brent, 158, 292
secrets, 429
democracy and, 426–27
leaks of, 46, 114, 115, 116, 125–26, 168, 232, 423
legitimate, 114–16, 422, 423
and public’s right to know, 115, 118, 120–21
transparency and, 113, 343, 384, 387, 422, 423–25
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI), 184, 227, 228, 241, 280, 386
report on CIA detention and interrogation program, 396–402
technical advisory group (SSCI TAG), 12
September 11 attacks, see 9/11 attacks
Shahwani, Mohammed, 200–203
Shane, Scott, 122–23
Shawkat, Assef, 263
Shedd, David, 162, 358
Sheehan, Jack, 137–38
Shelby, Richard, 44, 46, 79
Shibh, Ramzi bin al-, 193, 344
Shiites, 195–99, 201, 202, 215, 292, 293
Shriver, Glenn, 277
SIGINT Directorate (SID), 134
&
nbsp; SIGINT Seniors, 38–39
signals intelligence (SIGINT), 2, 3, 5, 6, 10–12, 21, 28, 30–33, 35, 36, 38–42, 45, 49, 52, 53, 55, 57–63, 133–35, 138, 157, 181, 411, 415–16, 421
NTOC and, 141
Stellarwind and, 75
signature strikes, 337, 339
Simpson, Alan, 212
Singing the City (Graham), 249
60 Minutes, 126
Snowden, Edward, 24, 26, 35, 36, 39, 43, 87n, 403–5, 408, 409, 411, 413–15, 417–22, 425
Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, 120–21
Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT), 117, 118, 168
Soleimani, Qasem, 291, 293
Somalia, 221, 344
South Ossetia, 310, 312
Soviet Union, 4, 32, 38, 39, 312, 346–47, 405
Specter, Arlen, 105
Spiegel, 413
spying, see espionage
State of War (Risen), 99, 100, 108–9, 126
Stein, Jeff, 226
Stevens, Bob, 5, 6
Stellarwind, 25, 43, 64–91, 94–95, 97, 99, 101, 103–6, 108–10, 113, 116–18, 168, 181, 184, 190, 371, 372, 403
Bush and, 25, 103, 104, 110, 112
New York Times exposure of, 74, 78, 80, 92–103, 105, 108, 109, 372, 412
SIGINT and, 75
Terrorist Surveillance Program, 106, 131, 184
in Venn diagram of operatons, 426
Sterling, Jeffrey, 125–26
STRATCOM, 142, 151
Stuart, Jeb, 136
Stuxnet, 131, 132, 151
Suleiman, Omar, 318, 319–20
Sullivan, Andrew, 359, 360
Sulzberger, Arthur, Jr., 101
Sunnis, 196–99, 200–202, 226, 321–22, 323
Supreme Court, 69, 81, 82, 115
Hamdi and Hamdan decisions of, 70, 82, 235
Suu Kyi, Aung San, 421
SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication), 117, 118, 168
Syria, 145, 255–70, 344
al-Kibar site of, 255–61, 263–65, 269
Assad in, 257, 259–61, 263–68
Iran and, 263
North Korea and, 255–58, 261, 262, 266, 269
nuclear program of, 255–59, 261–70
Tahrir Square, 320
Tailored Access Operations (TAO), 134–36, 141, 145
Taj, Nadeem, 348
Taj Mahal Palace Hotel attack, 351–52
Talabani, Jalal, 197–200, 293
Taliban, 31, 53, 115, 204, 208–10, 337, 345, 347, 349, 353
Tallinn, 132
Tamm, Thomas, 93
targeted killings, 331–44, 357, 369, 385, 425–26
accuracy and effectiveness of, 341, 342
against al-Qaeda, 334–42, 357
collateral damage in, 340–41
multiple effects of, 342
Obama and, 341–43, 377
from UAVs, 119, 333, 336, 344
Taubman, Phil, 94–102
Tbilisi, 310
Tea Party, 407, 408
Tehran, 294–95, 306
Tenet, George, 2, 6, 7, 9, 19, 24, 31, 33, 46–47, 49, 54, 66–68, 78, 81, 85, 135, 138, 150, 155–57, 159–60, 162, 225, 267, 328, 358, 359, 365, 371, 383
At the Center of the Storm, 122
interrogation and, 394, 396, 397
JIC hearings and, 42–44, 46
9/11 attacks and, 28
terrorism, 24–25, 30, 31, 39, 43–44, 63, 193–94
see also counterterrorism
Terrorist Surveillance Program, 106, 131, 184
see also Stellarwind
Thin Thread, 21–26
Thomas, Helen, 107
Tice, Russ, 117
Tierney, John, 226
Time, 31, 42, 205
Tora Bora, 234
Toronto Globe and Mail, 418
torture, 188, 194, 232, 235, 361–65, 369, 391–92, 401
rendition for purposes of, 363–65, 401
Trailblazer, 19–23, 26, 184–85
transparency, 113, 343, 384, 387, 422, 423–25
Treasury Department, 167
Truman, Harry, 3, 10, 31
Truman Annex, 192
Tskhinvali, 310
TURN, 427
Turner, Stansfield, 157, 394
Ukraine, 311, 312
underwear bomber, 173, 175
United Kingdom, see Britain
United Nations (UN), 35, 51, 196, 258, 267, 294, 308, 391, 415
General Assembly (UNGA), 350
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs; drones), 147, 425–26
Predator, 31, 53, 61, 337
targeted killings from, 119, 333, 336, 344
Uribe, Alvaro, 324–25, 431
USA Today, 108, 411–12
Vicksburg, 135
Vietnam War, 51–52, 62, 247
Voltaire, 163
Walker, Chris, 229
Wallace, Chris, 408
walling, 227
Wall Street Journal, 16, 147, 230, 388, 397–98, 402
warfare vs. espionage, 136
Washington, George, 427, 429, 431
Washington Post, 98, 114, 115, 176, 179, 187, 287, 299, 359, 366, 387, 390, 392–93, 403, 411, 412, 420
Washington Times, 426
waterboarding, 179, 188, 189–90, 192, 225, 226, 241–42, 251, 362–63, 379, 380, 399
Watergate, 241
Waziristan, 336, 345–48
Waziristan Accord, 345
weapons of mass destruction (WMD), 116, 119, 181, 329, 335–36, 340
in Iraq, 49–52, 119, 179, 267
see also nuclear programs
Webster, William, 394
Weiner, Tim, 123–24
White, Scott, 285
Wiebe, Kirk, 22, 24
Wilensky, Harold, 119
Williams, Brian, 420
Wilson, Joe, 122
Wired, 130
Wolfowitz, Paul, 49, 158
Woolsey, Jim, 278, 394
World Bank, 312, 415
World Trade Organization, 312
World War II, 3
Worthy Fights (Panetta), 120
Wouk Herman, 175
Wyden, Ron, 183, 184–85, 363, 408–9, 419
Xi Xinping, 409
Yakima, 21–22
Yemen, 344
Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center, 262
Yoo, John, 70, 71, 81–82, 85
Young, Bill, 227
Yousafzai, Malala, 421
Zardari, Asif Ali, 349–51
Zarif, Mohammad Javad, 307
Zarqaqi, Abu Musab al-, 334
Zawahiri, Ayman al-, 206, 329, 337
Zayed, Mohammed bin, 431
Zero Dark Thirty, 397
Zimmermann Telegram, 36
Zubaida, Abu, 46, 189–90, 191, 193, 223–24, 237–38, 240, 241, 344, 385, 391, 399
* As opposed to the DCI. Prior to 2005, the director of CIA was also the head of the US intelligence community and called the director of Central Intelligence, or DCI. I just headed one agency, hence DCIA.
* The American intelligence community has a near-impenetrable maze of abbreviations to describe civilians whose rank is comparable to that of general in the armed forces: SIS, SES, DISES, DISL. Collectively they are just referred to as “seniors.”
* The X in this case is the point of maximum vulnerability. A common phrase in the intelligence community is “We have to get off the X here.”
* IC (pronounced “eye-see”) refers to the confederation of sixteen agencies now more or less under t
he direction of the director of National Intelligence (DNI). The community ranges from well-known members like NSA and CIA to more obscure ones like the small intelligence shops in the Drug Enforcement Administration or the Department of Energy.
* Since we’ve never had a gun in the house, only the “going to church” theme applied to me personally. We were so committed to the latter that we actually brought our parish priest along on a family vacation during our first tour in Korea. In retirement I combined the themes during a graduation address at the Franciscan University of Steubenville when I talked about sniper fire in Sarajevo. I told the graduates that if they were tempted to sleep in and miss Mass on a Sunday morning, they should ask themselves, “Are there snipers on the way to church?” “If the answer was no,” I told them, “get out of bed.”
* Since this was a bit out of the ordinary, I informed the chair and ranking member of the intelligence oversight committees and offered to come down and brief the full committees. The House took me up on my offer, and I briefed them on October 1.
* Many SIGINT reports are composed of multiple intercepts.
* Of course, the Times has no authority to declassify. What they did was to simply reveal the information.
* Given all my opportunitities to testify in 2006, I was right.
* Senators Frist, Daschle, Roberts, and Rockefeller plus Congress members Hastert, Pelosi, Goss, and Harman.
* Which, of course, became its own source of contention after Edward Snowden’s revelations in 2013 (chapter 21). Sometimes you just can’t win.
* Over time the court authorized the remaining aspects of Stellarwind and legislative underpinnings were created in the Protect America Act (2007), the FISA Amendments Act (2008), and the inclusion of some activities under Section 215 of the Patriot Act. By then, though, I was at CIA and largely out of the picture.
* In air combat, top cover refers to fighter aircraft flying at high altitude to protect more vulnerable forces below. We owed Harman something like that since she wanted to be supportive, but it would be at great cost within her party.
* The suit was later dismissed since neither Bamford nor the other plaintiffs had standing. They could not show that they had been the target of anything.
* At NSA my predecessor and I were air force officers who had also commanded the Air Intelligence Agency. Our categorization had an eerie resemblance to the way that American airpower is organized and explained: reconnaissance (CNE), bombers (CNA), and fighters (CND).
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