Journal of William Henry Cottle.
[29] A sluice box is a trough about six feet long with cleats nailed to the bottom. Gravel is shoveled into the trough and water is run over the gravel washing the lighter material away while trapping the heavier materials along the cleats.
Alan Granruth, Central City, Colorado 1859-1999 (Mining Gold to Mining Wallets),pages 13-14.
[30] As little as 1/3 of the assayed amount of the ore was being recovered due to the primitive technology available at the time.
Alan Granruth, Central City, Colorado 1859-1999 (Mining Gold to Mining Wallets),page 15.
[31] “In the spring of the year 1866 Father started to buy an outfit to move to Utah with. We had two yoke of cattle, [and] one horse and light wagon.”
Journal of William Henry Cottle.
[32] Giardia: A genus of flagellated, usually nonpathogenic protozoa that are parasitic in the intestines of vertebrates including humans and most domestic animals.
www.dictionary.com
[33] Lenses were known in ancient times and were used by Arabian mathematicians. Lenses were being constructed in Europe in the thirteenth century. Galileo, in the beginning of the seventeenth century, made the earliest biological observation with the first true microscope when he examined the compound eye of an insect. Later, Johann Kepler and Christian Huygens would work out the optical properties of the “Galilean microscope.” But in 1676 Antony van Leeuwenhoek added an entirely new dimension to the science of microscopy when he peered through a microscope of his own making and caught a glimpse of a bacterium. Not until the nineteenth century would microscopes be improved enough to provide additional information about these organisms.
David Kirk, BiologyToday Second Edition, Random House ISBN 0-394-31093-4 pg. 3
[34] In 1866 The Book of Mormon was formatted in paragraphs. It was first divided into chapters and verses with references by Orson Pratt in 1879.
The Book of Mormon The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1963
[35] The Book of Mormon, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1830, Mosiah 7:2
[36] The Book of Mormon, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1830, Mosiah 17:13-20
[37] The Book of Mormon, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1830, Mosiah 17:2
[38] Totin’ Chip is a card issued by the Boy scouts of America vouching that the boy scout has demonstrated the proper handling, care and use of pocketknife, axe and saw. It also indicates that the boy scout has read and understands the safe use of wood tools.
Robert Birkby, The Boy Scout Handbook, tenth edition, ISBN 0-8395-3229-6, page 76
[39] In the process of making bricks, an Off-bearer is the person who takes the molds that are full of clay from the molding table to the drying area and places them on a level bed of sand. The Off-bearer usually moves several filled molds at a time by use of a pallet or wheel barrow. At the drying area he removes the mold from the clay, returns the mold to the table and wets and sands the mold to receive the next brick.
[40] The Bookstore and clock did exist on Main Street in Central City, Colorado between 1862 and 1868.
Alan Granruth, Central City, Colorado 1859-1999 (Mining Gold to Mining Wallets),Granruth, page 9.
[41] William Roworth was one of the early pioneers of this area and served as Mayor from 1868 to 1871. He opened the Central City Bakery (which occupied two buildings, and), which was actually a miner’s supply store, and began construction on the north half of these two buildings in 1862. The north half of these two buildings comprise the oldest masonry structure in Central City.
Alan Granruth, Central City, Colorado 1859-1999 (Mining Gold to Mining Wallets),page 141.
[42]1. Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them.
2. And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.
3. And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.
Old Testament, Genesis 2:1 - 3
[43]
8. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
9. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work:
10. But the seventh day is the Sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:
11. For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it.
Old Testament, Exodus 20:8 - 11
[44] The Book of Mormon, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1830, Mosiah chapter 18
[45] During the four years that William Cottle lived near Central City, Colorado, there were six churches. They were:
Union Church: June 1859 – 1863
St. James Methodist Episcopal Church: July 10, 1859 –
Father J. P. Machebeuf Catholic Church: Nov 1860-1874 (frame building on Pine St.)
Episcopal Services: 1860 (1863 building on Laurence St.)
First Congregational Church of Colorado: 1863
Baptist: 1864
Alan Granruth, Central City, Colorado 1859-1999 (Mining Gold to Mining Wallets),Granruth, page 31, 32.
[46] Joseph Smith – History, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1:16-17
[47] ‘The Spirit of God’ and ‘Redeemer of Israel’ are two hymns that were included in the first LDS Hymn Book in 1835. The text for both of these hymns was written by William W. Phelps.
Hymns of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Deseret Book Company, SLC, UT.
[48] Brettle is the accepted spelling of his name. This is how his daughter spelled her name when she signed her own wedding certificate.
Also, most evidence indicates that it was Elizabeth Brettle’s parents that traveled with the Cottle family, not Henry Cottle’s parents. Annie Cottle’s version of these events which she told to her grand children in 1939 say that they were Henery Cottle’s parents (which is probably incorrect.)
[49] “We arrived in the fall of the same year about 12 o’clock at night and I tell you it was quite a sight of hugging and kissing going on. For myself, I thought Mother [would] squeeze me in two.”
Journal of William Henry Cottle
[50] Henry Cottle was baptized March 3, 1853 most likely in Dudley, Worcs, England.
[51] The Book of Mormon, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1830, Alma 48:17-19
[52] The words for ‘I Am a Child of God’ were written by Naomi W. Randall in 1957, and the music was written by Mildred T Pettit.
Hymns of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Deseret Book Company, SLC, UT. #301
[53] Sister Randall said that the lyrics for 'I am a Child of God' came to her in answer to prayer about writing a new song for Primary General Conference. Sister Randall received the assignment to write the song in 1957 from Primary President Leonore Parmley as the Primary's General Board prepared for the Primary General Conference that year. Sister Randall went home in contemplation, and retired after praying about it. In the early hours of the night, Sister Randall awoke, and the words of the song came to her mind. She wrote them down, gave a prayer thanking God for them, and went back to sleep. In the morning, she read them to Sister Arta Hale, counselor to Sister Parmley, who approved them, saying, "My goodness girl, they give me goose bumps. Send them off." In the years since 1957, the words remain unchanged, except for a suggestion by then-Apostle, Elder Spencer W. Kimball, who wanted the chorus to read "teach me all that I must do" instead of "teach me all that I must know." Years later, as LDS Church President, Kimball jokingly called 'I am a Child of God,' "the song that Sister Randall and I wrote."
Kent Larsen,
News about Mormons, Mormonism, and the LDS Church, http://www.mormonstoday.com/010525/P2NRandall01.shtml
[54] “Father sold our house and lot for $125 (one hundred and twenty-five dollars), which was worth five hundred dollars, for they thought that he had to sell, and they would not buy only on a big discount.”
-Journal of William Henry Cottle
[55] Commands to drive a wagon team are “haw” to turn left, “gee” to turn right, “whoa” to stop, and a “clucking” sound to start going.
Susanne Malloy, Get your Horse Moving, http://ezinearticles.com/?Get-your-Horse-Moving&id=1566680
[56] In 1948, a Los Angeles building inspector named Walter Frederick Morrison and his partner Warren Franscioni invented a plastic version of the Frisbie that could fly farther and with better accuracy than a tin pie plate. His partnership with Warren Franscioni, ended before their product had achieved any real success.
Morrison (after his split with Franscioni) produced a plastic Frisbie called the Pluto Platter, to cash in on the growing popularity of UFOs with the American public. The Pluto Platter has become the basic design for all Frisbies. The outer third of the Frisbie disc is called the 'Morrison Slope', listed in the patent. Rich Knerr and A.K. 'Spud' Melin were the owners of a new toy company called 'Wham-O'. The pair first saw Morrison's Pluto Platter in late 1955. They liked what they saw and convinced Morrison to sell them the rights to his design. With a deal signed, Wham-O began production (1/13/1957) of more Pluto Platters. The next year, the original Frisbie Baking Company shut down and coincidentally Fred Morrison was awarded a patent (Design patent 183,626) for his flying disc. Morrison received over one million dollars in royalties for his invention.
The word 'Frisbee' is pronounced the same as the word 'Frisbie'. Rich Knerr (Wham-O) was in search of a catchy new name to help increase sales. After hearing about the original use of the terms 'Frisbie' and 'Frisbie-ing', he borrowed from the two words to create the registered trademark Frisbee ®. Sales soared for the toy, due to Wham-O's clever marketing of Frisbee playing as a new sport. In 1964, the first professional model went on sale. Ed Headrick was the inventor at Wham-O who patented Wham-O's designs for the modern frisbee (U.S. patent 3,359,678). Ed Headrick's Frisbee, with its band of raised ridges called the Rings of Headrick, had stabilized flight as opposed to the wobbly flight of its predecessor the Pluto Platter.
In 1967, high school students in Maplewood, New Jersey, invented Ultimate Frisbee, a recognized sport that is a cross between football, soccer and basketball.
Mary Bellis, The History of the Frisbee, http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa980218.htm
[57] A gyroscope is a symmetrical mass, usually a wheel, mounted so that it can spin about an axis in any direction. When spinning, the gyroscope has special properties. Many spinning objects exhibit some of these properties; the rotation of the earth about its axis gives it the properties of a huge gyroscope. Once a gyroscope starts to spin, it will resist changes in the orientation of its spin axis. For example, a spinning top resists toppling over, thus keeping its spin axis vertical. If a torque, or twisting force, is applied to the spin axis, the axis will not turn in the direction of the torque, but will instead move in a direction perpendicular to it. This motion is called precession. The wobbling motion of a spinning top is a simple example of precession. The torque that causes the wobbling is the weight of the top acting about its tapering point. The modern gyroscope was developed in the first half of the 19th century by the French physicist Jean B. L. Foucault, and its first notable use was in a visual demonstration of the earth's rotation. In the second half of the 19th century, with the invention of the electrically driven rotor, its uses multiplied. It became possible to rotate the gyroscope's wheel at desired speeds without interfering with the precession. Large gyroscopes are used in ship stabilizers to counteract rolling. The gyroscope is the nucleus of most automatic steering systems, such as those used in airplanes, missiles, and torpedoes. It is also used in the gyrocompass, a directional instrument used on ships. Unaffected by magnetic variations, its spinning axis, when brought in line with the north-south axis of the earth, provides an accurate line of reference for navigation.
Gyroscope, http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Gyroscopic+Motion
[58] Mormon Tag: Youth in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints often play this form of tag. In this game the players pair up by locking elbows. One person is “It.” One other person tries to get away. When the person being chased gets tired, he can lock elbows with any person that is paired up and that person’s partner (that is locked onto his other arm) then has to run away or get tagged.
[59] Stick Pull: Two people sit on a mat facing each other with their hands holding onto a horizontal stick and with their feet touching. One person’s hands are placed on the inside, the other person’s hands on the outside. The hand position is decided by a flip of a coin. On “GO” the people pull on the stick trying to unseat each other, until one is pulled to his feet or their feet break contact and one is hurled off the mat.
“Pastimes,” Historic Nauvoo The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints,
[60] The Book of Mormon, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1830, “Faith”, Ether chapter 12
[61] The Book of Mormon, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1830, Ether 12:13
[62] The Book of Mormon, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1830, Moroni 10:4-5
[63] The Book of Mormon, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1830, Alma, chapter 14
[64] The streets are relatively wide, at the direction of Brigham Young, who wanted them wide enough that a wagon team could turn around without "resorting to profanity."
William E. Hill (1996). The Mormon Trail: yesterday and today. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press. ISBN 0-87421-202-2, p. 26
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt Lake City, Layout
[65] The Territory of Dakota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1861, until November 2, 1889.
Upon creation, Dakota Territory included much of present-day Montana and Wyoming; by 1868, creation of new territories reduced Dakota Territory to the present boundaries of the Dakotas.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Territory
[66] Bumblebee – [a marble] mostly all yellow with two black strips on each side.
Marble (Toy), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marble_(toy)
[67] A "taw" or "shooter" is used to shoot with, and "ducks" are marbles to be shot at
Marble (Toy), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marble_(toy)
[68] Bricks are stacked in a herring-bone pattern to allow air to pass between them.
Brickmaking, c. 1850, http://www.shol.com/agita/thespiel.htm
[69] In a letter dated April 27, 1915 and distributed to local leaders of the LDS Church, President Joseph F. Smith encouraged a church-wide practice of a weekly "Family Home Evening". The letter described the event as being a time set apart for "prayer … hymns … family topics … and specific instruction on the principles of the gospel."
First Presidency letter, 27 April 1915 — Joseph F. Smith, Anthon H. Lund, Charles W. Penrose.
In 1970, President Joseph Fielding Smith, son of Joseph F. Smith, designated Monday night as the preferred time for Family Home Evening, asking local church units not to hold other church related meetings or activities on that night. That tradition continues today.
Conference Report October 1970 session - Boyd K. Packer.
In the October 2002 LDS General Conference, LDS Church President Gordon B. Hinckley encouraged local businesses and organizations to keep Monday night free of activities and other obstructions, so that members might more easily hold the FHE.
http://lds.org/conference/talk/display/0,5232,23-1-315-18,00.html
[70] The pharmacy is located between the Morse residence and the Wells Fargo Express Office on Eureka St., at the intersection of Eureka and Main. A drug store operated on this site for over 100 years, and was the site of the first drug store in Colorado. It burned down in 1874 and was rebuilt just 48 hours later.
Alan Granruth, Central City, Colorado 1859-1999 (Mining Gold to Mining Wallets),page 98.
[71] A will to win on game day cannot possibly be stronger than a will to train before the game.
[72] “And it came to pass that he departed into the wilderness. And he left his house, and the land of his inheritance, and his gold, and his silver, and his precious things, and took nothing with him, save it were his family, and provisions, and tents, and departed into the wilderness.”
Spirit Pouch Page 35
