The Age of Atheists: How We Have Sought to Live Since the Death of God
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patriotism and, 200
as religion of labor, 209
Scythians and, 212–13
utopian, 178, 204, 211
World War I and, 193
See also specific person’s views
Society for Conservation Biology, 483
Society for God Knowledge, 324
Society for Psychical Research, 180
sociobiology, 479, 480
sociology, religion as, 11–13, 15, 17, 21
Socrates, 24, 516, 517
solitude, 121, 436
soul, 89, 122, 168, 191–92, 274, 322, 366, 485–86. See also specific person’s views
Soulé, Michael E., 483
“speaking in tongues,” 14
Spencer, Herbert, 24, 75, 167
Spender, Stephen, 268–69
Spengler, Oswald, 34, 315–16
Spiegelberg, Frederic, 413–14
Spinoza, Baruch, 295, 436
spirit/spirituality:
in art, 180–84
counterculture and, 411, 412, 413, 415, 417–18, 420, 424, 428, 429
cruelty and, 212
distress of, 92
drugs and, 441, 442
elitism of, 77–80
energy as form of, 184
as giving credibility to Christianity, 197
and growth of occult, 179
health and, 15
Marxism and, 211
middle-class, 253–54
minimalism and, 393
occult and, 180
postmodernism and, 499, 500
poverty, 394
recession of, 18–19, 21
shadow culture and, 178–79
theosophy and, 168–69
Unitarians and, 324
value of, 92–97
World War I and, 190, 192, 196
See also religion; specific person’s views
Spock, Benjamin, 356–58, 360
spontaneity, culture of:
Abstract Expressionism and, 394, 397–400
aftermath of World War II and, 387
“beat” writing and, 394, 403–6
clay pottery and, 394, 402–3
criticisms of, 405–6
dance and, 394, 400–402
improvisation and, 395–97
jazz/bebop and, 394, 395–97
kinetic knowledge and, 400–402
plasticity and, 397–400
and restrictions on the ego, 393–95
unconscious and, 119
See also specific person
St. Peter’s Church (Zurich): Frisch memorial service in, 2–3
St. Petersburg Religious-Philosophical Society, 206, 212
Stalin, Joseph, 187, 206, 215, 216, 219, 346, 372, 381–82, 388
Standing Commission on Religious Questions, 215
Steiner, George, 58n, 453, 454–56, 460, 539, 540, 552, 554
Steiner, Rudolf, 174, 182, 212, 280, 311, 318, 323
Stella, Frank, 391
Stevens, Wallace, 66, 136, 176, 244–49, 458, 464, 524, 536, 539–40, 547, 554
Stewart, H. L., 187–88
Stoics, 391
Stott, Rebecca, 551–52
Strachey, Lytton, 79, 303
Stravinsky, Igor, 180–81, 190, 396
Strindberg, Johan August, 91, 97–99
Stromberg, Roland, 190, 191, 193
subconscious, 59, 124, 125, 352
subjectivity, 399, 507–8, 511–12
“sublime if painful,” Nietzsche’s, 49
submission: Musil’s views about, 235
subtraction theory, Taylor’s, 6, 17, 22, 428, 457
suffering/pain:
God as, 376
heroism and, 268
as identity, 445
Jewish views about, 373, 374, 375, 379
naming and, 463
and rationality of religion, 526
See also specific person’s views
Sufis, 48
Superman, 34, 101, 102, 103, 209, 212, 214, 253, 320
supernatural, 63, 199, 204, 385–86. See also specific person’s views
Suprematism, Malevich’s views about, 210, 211
surrealism, 197–99, 395, 397
survival of the fittest, 517
Swedenborg, Emanuel, 99, 169
Swedenborgianism, 177
Swinburne, Algernon, 467, 468
Swir, Anna, 449, 457–58
symbols/symbolism, 121, 149, 151, 152, 164, 206, 419, 429, 430
T-groups, 415
Tavistock Clinic, 388
Taylor, Charles, 5–7, 17, 18, 21, 29, 58n, 148, 428, 433, 437, 457, 546, 550
Taylor, Eugene, 177, 178–79
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich, 112
technology, 110, 117, 193, 210, 213, 215, 428, 429, 499. See also specific person’s views
teleology, 4, 509, 510
Temple, William, 333
Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 180
theology:
German renaissance in, 311–13
physics as form of, 492–95
religion without, 480–81
Theosophical Society, 168, 172, 180
theosophy, 167–69, 178, 180, 181–84, 197, 287
theothanatology, 381–86
therapy:
and beliefs, 446
and certainty, 446
children and, 443
counterculture and, 410–11, 413, 415–16, 429, 437–38
demystification of, 364
happiness and, 437–39, 443–47
and identity, 445, 446
and meaning, 446
self-, 446
self-realization as integral to, 368
See also counseling; pastoral psychology/counseling; psychoanalysis/psychotherapy; specific person’s views
“thingness,” 73–75
Thompson, Hunter S., 421, 424
Thoreau, Henry David, 177
Thorndike, Edward, 56–57
Tille, Alexander, 51–52
Tillich, Paul, 58n, 366–67, 383, 385, 413, 420, 514
Tipler, Frank, 492, 493, 494, 495, 506, 544
Tolstoy, Leo, 43, 102, 106, 107, 206, 207, 208, 211, 227, 228, 453
Torgoff, Martin, 416, 417, 420–21, 423
totemism, 142, 145
Tournier, Michel, 335, 336, 338
Toynbee, Arnold, 58n
trade, 476, 477
tragedy, 94, 164, 240, 253, 254, 255, 349–50
transcendence:
counterculture and, 411, 414, 415, 417–18, 427, 429, 430, 437
dancing as, 46
emptiness and, 6
existentialists and, 337–39
as fundmental to belief, 5, 6, 13–14
impossibility of, 507–10
as non-phenomenon, 546
phenomenology and, 73
poetry’s achievements and, 457
poverty versus, 13–18, 22
search for, 5
of self, 370, 371
“semantic,” 148
size of life and, 544–45
unity and, 538
See also specific person’s views
“transcendent impulse,” 4, 5
Transcendentalists, 177, 178
“transitional object” concept, Beckett’s, 388
Trilling, Diana, 405
Trilling, Lionel, 372
triviality, 547–49, 554
Trotsky, Leon, 212, 214, 215, 218
trust, 65–66, 197, 476, 491, 512
truth:
Abstract Expressionism and, 399
aesthetic, 455, 552
art and, 456
community and, 547
counterculture and, 414
drugs and, 441
ethics and, 516
God and, 525
Impressionism and, 113
Jewish views about, 374
Marxism-Leninism and, 204
of mathematics, 523
modernism and, 535
naming and, 552, 553
objective, 510
postmodernism and, 498, 535
pragmatism and, 64
redemptive, 515
science and, 29, 455, 540, 544
spontaneity and, 394
war and, 197
and wholeness via juxtaposition, 125
See also specific person’s views
Tucker, Sophie, 433
Turin Exposition (1902): Behrens design of, 35–36
Turing, Alan, 492
Übermensch concept, Nietzsche’s, 35, 39, 50–52, 253
unconscious:
Abstract Expressionism and, 398, 399
collective, 286, 288, 289, 380, 397
and God as archetype, 380
improvisation and, 396
modern dance and, 400
as mystical, 89
pottery and, 402
shadow culture and, 178, 179
soul and, 89
spontaneity and, 119, 395
surrealism and, 198
See also specific person’s views
“undeniable hardness” concept, 323
Unitarians, 324
United Methodist Church, 367
United Nations, 12, 14, 431–32
United States:
as failure, 250
“psychological turn” in, 362
shadow culture in, 177–79
Yeltsin visit to, 409
unity, 124, 125, 126, 192, 505, 512, 524–25, 536, 538–39, 544. See also specific person’s views
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 476
universality, 28–29, 67, 137, 284, 317, 349, 366
universe:
“big crunch” in, 493
counterculture’s views about, 420
evolution and, 471
God and, 490–92
ideal, 494
as machine, 76
omega point concept and, 493–94
parallel, 492–93, 544
as a “physical process,” 509
physics and, 3, 492–93
role of human beings in, 517
unity and, 544
See also specific person’s views
unsettlement: doubt and, 27
urbanism, 114, 193, 224, 383
“Use is life” motto, Shaw’s, 100–101
utilitarianism, 503, 514
utopia/utopians, 208, 413, 416, 425, 543. See also socialism: utopian
vagabondage, 40–43, 50
Vahanian, Gabriel, 382, 383, 385
Valéry, Paul, 160–63
art and, 161, 162–63
biology and, 161
chaos and, 130
consciousness and, 73, 162, 163
and disappointment, 122, 160–63
emotions and, 249
as European “pragmatist,” 71
evolution and, 160–61
high art and, 454
and ideal, 162
immortality and, 162
and intellect, 162
and knowledge, 161, 163
life and, 254, 340
and love, 161
Mallarmé’s influence on, 147
and mathematics, 160
and meaning, 254, 337, 539
and mind, 161–62, 163
and music, 160
and nature, 163
Nietzsche’s influence on, 160
order and, 160–61, 162, 536
perception and, 74
and perfection, 162
personal and professional background of, 160
as phenomenologist, 71, 73, 74, 75
poetry and, 146, 161, 162–63, 248, 539
and reality, 73, 161
and relationships, 162
religion and, 146, 163
Rilke and, 227
self and, 161, 162, 163
soul and, 161, 162
spiritual and, 128, 162–63
and universe, 163
and values, 161
Wells and, 136
Valéry, Paul (continued)
and wholeness, 161
and will, 163
Yeats compared with, 166
value/values, 123, 125, 240, 274, 445, 510, 523, 537, 547. See also specific person’s views
van Buren, Paul, 384–85
Van Gogh, Vincent, 39, 120, 121, 269, 300, 398
Vatican II (1962–65), 367
Vedanta societies, 58, 179
verification, 274, 275, 277, 455, 505, 542
veterans, military, 359–60
Vienna Circle, 234, 273–75, 277–78, 279, 285, 300–301
Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute, 279
violence, 337–38, 477, 517
virtue, 83, 100, 502
visionary tradition, 178, 179
visual arts, importance of, 90
vocabulary. See language
Volk: Nazis and, 315, 323, 324
völkisch movement, 310
Voltaire, 23, 346, 412
Vornehmheit concept, Simmel’s, 37
Wagner, Richard, 22, 37, 144, 145, 209, 210, 227, 317, 455
waiting concept, 252, 383, 384, 386, 408, 454
Waiting for Godot (Beckett), 252, 254, 293, 387, 388–89, 390
war, 190, 191, 200. See also specific war
Warhol, Andy, 391, 423
“warmth of acts,” 344–45, 350, 399
Watts, Alan, 412, 414, 417, 441
“weak thought,” 513
wealth. See affluence
Weber, Max, 192, 220–22, 237, 258, 259–61, 330, 545–46, 550
Wedekind, Frank, 39, 157, 227
Weil, Simone, 340, 422
Weiss, Yitshak, 373–74
well-being, 68–69, 431, 432, 434, 506
Wells, H. G., 38, 91, 136–41, 450, 543
Wells, H. G.—works by:
Anticipations of the Results of Mechanical and Scientific Progress, 139, 140
The Foods of the Gods, 141
Mankind in the Making, 137
Miłosz’s study of, 450
A Modern Utopia, 137
New World for Old, 137
The Outline of History, 91
The World Set Free, 140, 141–42
Western religions/philosophy, 309, 353, 366
See also specific philosophy or religion
Whitehead, Alfred North, 57n, 77, 184, 304–6, 309, 380, 381, 384, 395, 397, 405, 492, 534
Whitman, Walt, 43, 415, 533, 541
wholeness:
definition of moral, 3
desire and, 545
happiness and, 433
idea of, 2–6
Impressionism and sense of, 112–14
juxtaposition and, 125–26
limits of, 539
myth of, 290–93, 294
New Age and, 500
phenomenology and, 553
and “psychological turn” in America, 362
retreat from idea of, 539
secular reason and, 3
spontaneity and, 395
unifying of, 125, 126
World War I and, 192
See also specific person’s views
&nbs
p; wickedness: Liebman’s views about, 353
Wiesel, Elie, 378–79
Wigman, Mary, 44, 45, 46–47
Wilde, Oscar, 264, 268
will, 57, 112, 120, 211–12, 213, 375, 384, 515, 543. See also will to power; specific person’s views
will to power, 25, 26, 35, 40, 207, 211, 212, 324, 438
Williams, Bernard, 4, 5, 514, 546
Williams, Tennessee, 543
Williams, William Carlos, 404
Wilson, David Sloan, 474–75, 538, 548
Wilson, Edmund, 240, 334
Wilson, E. O., 478–85, 488, 490, 517, 546
Winter, Jay, 180, 181–82, 196
Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung philosophy, 273
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 55, 273, 274, 275, 299–303, 340, 384, 436, 537, 539
Wolters, Friedrich, 156, 158
women:
Beckett’s views about, 390
Bogdanov’s views about, 210
as clergy, 367
desire and, 554
in drama, 92
Dworkin’s views about, 547
emancipation of, 547
equality of, 334
Gorky’s views about, 210
Islamic/Muslim, 219, 547
Joyce’s comments about living with, 268, 271
Lawrence’s views about, 271
modern dance and, 44
modern married, 138
Musil’s views about, 237
Nietzsche’s views about, 547
in 1950s, 367–68
Stevens’s views about, 547
truth as, 547
values and, 547
Wells’s views about married, 138
Woolf’s views about, 260
Wood, James, 457, 458, 460, 464, 534–35
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Conference (1992), 482
Woodstock: counterculture and, 422, 424
Woolf, Leonard, 79, 154, 257
Woolf, Virginia, 125, 232, 233, 257–63, 265, 272, 535, 537, 538, 540
Woolf, Virginia—works by:
“Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown,” 257
To the Lighthouse, 260–61
“An Unwritten Novel,” 261
The Waves, 232, 260
Wordsworth, William, 8, 80, 93, 466, 556
work/workers, 202–3, 213, 214, 217–19, 308, 453
world:
“caring” for the, 224, 225, 227, 487
end of the, 8–9
ideal, 494
love of the, 440
as machine, 76–77
objective, 511–12
purpose in, 210
subjective, 511–12
theosophy and, 168
theothanatology and, 385
as unfinished, 556
World Parliament of Religions, 179
World Values Survey, 11, 20, 21
World War I:
aftermath of, 329, 330
beginning of, 187–91, 195
Christianity and, 188, 196
community and, 191–93, 200
“Crisis Theology” and, 312