60. The Times, 26 January 1996.
61. Colin Webb to the author, interview, 20 February 2003.
62. Charles Wilson to Times staff, notes taken by Martin Huckerby, quoted in Melvern, The End of the Street, pp. 81–2.
63. Melvern, The End of the Street, p. 85.
64. Liz Seeber to the author, interview, 18 July 2002.
CHAPTER SIX: FIFTY-FOUR WEEKS UNDER SIEGE (PP. 253–299)
1. David Kynaston, The Financial Times: A Centenary History, p. 500.
2. Sun staff voted 101 to 8 in favour; News of the World staff voted 43 to 2.
3. Quoted in Linda Melvern, The End of the Street, p. 89.
4. Peter Brown to the author, interview, 27 April 2004.
5. Spectator.
6. Financial Times, 27 January 1986; New Statesman, 6 February 1986; Melvern, The End of the Street, pp. 86–9.
7. Financial Times, 27 February 1986; The Times, 27 January 1986; Campaign, 11 September 1987; Melvern, The End of the Street, pp. 155–6.
8. Melvern, The End of the Street, pp. 90–94.
9. Charles Wilson to the Guild of Newspaper Editors, 8 May 1987.
10. Tim Austin to the author, interview, 4 March 2003.
11. Philip Howard to the author, interview, 5 December 2002; Charles Wilson to the author, interview, 19 February 2004; New Statesman, 6 February 1986.
12. The Times, 26 January 1996.
13. Ibid., 5 February, 1986.
14. Suellen Littleton, The Wapping Dispute: An Examination of the Conflict and its Impact on the National Newspaper Industry, p. 80; ref. B067/12503/ 9; Journalist NUJ newspaper, February 1986, vol. 69, no. 2; Charles Wilson to Times staff, 13 June 1986, B067/12503/7.
15. There were eight refuseniks – Barrie Clement, Dave Felton, Paul Griffiths, Pat Healy, Don McIntyre, Greg Neale, Paul Routledge and Pam Spooner. In addition, Derek Pain resigned and Martin Huckerby was dismissed.
16. ‘Citizen Murdoch,’ Panorama, BBC TV, 19 January 1987; News International in-house Wapping production video, 30 April 1987.
17. Liz Seeber to the author, interview, 18 July 2002.
18. Rupert Murdoch to all staff, 3 February 1986, ref. 10030/2.
19. William Rees-Mogg, letter to the editor, The Times, 30 January 1986; Rees-Mogg was no less supportive in private: William Rees-Mogg to Charles Wilson, 24 April 1986, A749/9242/J; Spectator; Denis Hamilton, Editor-in-Chief, p. 184; Bernard Levin, The Times, 3 February 1986; Harold Evans to the author, interview, 25 June 2003.
20. The Times, 3 February 1986; Financial Times, 3 February 1986; Guardian, 3 February 1986.
21. Alan Hamilton to the author, interview, 29 April 2004.
22. Chris Warman to the author, interview, 29 April 2004.
23. Tim Austin to the author, interview, 4 March 2003; O’Neill, Copy Out manuscript; Spectator.
24. The Times, 29 January 1986; Eric Hammond, Maverick, p. 90–91.
25. Hammond, Maverick, pp. 93–4.
26. Sunday Times, 16 February 1986.
27. Paul Routledge to the author, 22 June 2004.
28. Peter Kellner to the author, 4 March 2003; Guardian, 12 and 17 February 1986; critics included Murdoch’s fault-finders from the right: Charles Moore in the Spectator.
29. The Times, 4 March 1986; minutes of the TNHL board, 9 December 1986, ref. A909/11192/2.
30. The Times, 20 June 1986.
31. Times Law Report, 6 November 1986.
32. The Times, 18 and 20 March 1987.
33. Ken Clarke to the Parliamentary Press Gallery, 12 February 1986, quoted in The Times, 15 February 1986; The Times, 14, 18 and 21 February, 14, 15 and 27 March 1986.
34. Neil Kinnock to the SOGAT conference at Scarborough, Today, 12 June 1986.
35. Brenda Dean to SOGAT members, May 1986, B067/12503/2; however, the International Graphical Federation (to which forty-three print unions were affiliated worldwide) did call on its member not to handle any News International print work that might be attempted abroad. This proved a needless precaution: Financial Times, 18 February 1986.
36. Under Section 17 of the 1980 Employment Act; Guardian, 11 February 1986.
37. Guardian and the Financial Times, 11 February 1986.
38. Baroness Dean to the author, interview, 1 April 2003.
39. The Times, 10 February 1986, ‘Citizen Murdoch’, Panorama, BBC TV, 19 January 1987.
40. ‘Using the Law’, leading article, The Times, 19 February 1986.
41. The Times, 11 February, 20 February 1986.
42. The Times, 22 February 1986; Littleton, The Wapping Dispute, p. 92; The Sunday Times, 2 March 1986.
43. Financial Times, 21 April 1986; Guardian, 22 April 1986.
44. Guardian, 21 March 1986.
45. Brenda Dean to members, May 1986, ref. B067/12503/2; Littleton, The Wapping Dispute, p. 116.
46. See for example, Wapping Post, 7 June 1986.
47. Market research by ARC/Everett, results circulated on 24 April 1986 on the basis of telephoning 750 nationally representative individuals.
48. ABC Figures suggested the Sunday Times’s circulation had fallen by 200,000 between January and April 1986; Neil, Full Disclosure, p. 149.
49. Charles Wilson to Times staff, 13 June 1986, B067/12503/7.
50. Spectator, 1 March 1986.
51. Spectator.
52. Sunday Times, 9 March 1986.
53. Charles Wilson to the author, interview, 19 February 2004.
54. The Times, 18 March 1986.
55. Sunday Times, 6 April 1986.
56. ‘A Very Dangerous Error’, leading article, The Times, 8 April 1986.
57. Sunday Times, 23 February 1986; The Times, 2 May 1986.
58. The Times, 27 February, 12 March 1986 and 13 February 1987.
59. David Selbourne’s offending article, ‘No Muzzling Militant’, was published in The Times on 26 March 1986; Guardian, 14 October 1986; The Times 23 October 1986; leading articles, ‘The Selbourne Affair’, 16 October 1986, ‘A Non-Academic Inquiry’, 17 March 1987, ‘Verdict on Ruskin’, 7 October 1987, The Times.
60. ‘The Reputation of Journalism’, leading article, The Times, 22 April 1986.
61. D. P. Forbes, letters to the editor, The Times, 27 February 1986.
62. Minutes of meeting between News International and union representatives, Mayfair Hotel, 4 April 1986, ref. B067/12503; The Times, 5 April 1986.
63. Sunday Today, 6 April 1986.
64. The Times, 7 April 1986.
65. Minutes of meeting between News International and union representatives, Hyde Park Hotel, 16 April 1986, ref. B067/12503; Financial Times, 17 April 1986.
66. Rupert Murdoch to Bruce Matthews, 29 April 1986, ref. B067/12503/3.
67. The Times, 5 and 7 May 1986.
68. ‘When the Police Face Riots’, leading article, The Times, 5 May 1986.
69. The Times, 14 and 22 May 1986.
70. Baroness Dean to the author, interview, 1 April 2003.
71. Neil, Full Disclosure, pp. 152–3.
72. Minutes of meeting held between News International and union executives at the Sheraton Skyline Hotel, Heathrow, 26 May 1986, ref. B067/12503/5.
73. The Times, 27 May 1986.
74. Ibid., 5 June 1986.
75. Simon Jenkins, The Market for Glory: Fleet Street Ownership in the Twentieth Century, p. 203.
76. The Times, 7 June 1986; Sunday Times, 8 June 1986.
77. The Times, 4 and 5 June 1986; Guardian, 4 June 1986.
78. Hammond, Maverick, pp. 95, 97–8.
79. Neil, Full Disclosure, pp. 134–9.
80. Marmaduke Hussey to John Collier, 18 July 1986, ref. B067/12503/2; Marmaduke Hussey, Chance Governs All, p. 193.
81. The Times, 21 June, 26 June, 7 July 1986.
82. Today and The Times, 10 June 1986; Baroness Dean to the author, interview, 1 April 2003.
83. The Times NUJ chapel, 1986 – Claim for Renewal of House Agreement; minutes of meeting with Mike Hoy, Tim
es chapel meeting, 17 March and 14 April 1986.
84. Charles Wilson to Times staff, 13 June 1986, ref. B067/12503/7.
85. Minutes of meeting with Mike Hoy (managing editor) and The Times NUJ chapel, 12 June 1986, ref. B067/12503/7.
86. The Times, 9 September 1986; Guardian, 13 September 1986.
87. The Times, 1 August 1986.
88. Ibid., 2 August 1986.
89. Danny Sergeant (SOGAT general president) to London branch leaders, 18 August 1986, ref. A909/1193/2.
90. Minutes of meetings between News International and union representatives at the Copthorne Hotel, Gatwick, 22 and 29 August, 7 September 1986, ref. B067/12503/2.
91. Littleton, The Wapping Dispute, p. 114.
92. Minutes of TNL Executive meeting, 22 October 1986, ref. B067/12503.
93. Guardian, 14 January 1987.
94. Ibid., 26 April 1986.
95. Details from security camera footage, ref. 10030/5; The Times, 26 January 1987.
96. Neil, Full Disclosure, p. 140.
97. The Times, 26 January 1987.
98. Guardian, 27 January 1987.
99. O’Neill, Copy Out manuscript.
100. Littleton, p. 120; The Times, 6 February 1987; SOGAT Press Release, 5 February 1987, ref. 10030/5; O’Neill, Copy Out.
101. ‘Hard Lessons of Wapping’; leading article, The Times, 6 February 1987.
102. Rupert Murdoch to the author, interview, 5 August 2003; Charles Wilson to the author, interview, 12 February 2004.
103. Tony Norbury to the author, interview, 27 April 2004.
104. Littleton, The Wapping Dispute, p. 135.
105. Kenneth Clarke on Channel 4 News, quoted in The Times, 7 February 1987.
106. Hammond, Maverick, p. 79.
107. The Times, 12 January 1987; Guardian, 21 January 1987; Financial Times, 16 February 1987.
108. The Times, 10 October 1990.
109. This decision was reversed at the Daily Telegraph in 2003 and at the Independent in 2001.
110. Guardian, 5 June 2000.
111. Charles Wilson to the Guild of Newspaper Editors, 8 May 1987.
112. David Flynn to Charles Wilson, 3 April 1986, ref. 9841/5.
113. Rupert Murdoch in British Journalism Review, vol. 10, no. 4, 1999.
114. Times Newspapers Holdings Board, Report, 7 June 1988, ref. A909/ 11192/2.
115. Littleton, The Wapping Dispute, p. 134.
116. Estimate in UK Press Gazette, cited in Jenkins, Market for Glory, p. 203.
117. Neil Chenoweth, Virtual Murdoch: Reality Wars on the Information Highway, p. 63.
118. Estimate by John Reidy, vice-president of Drexell Burnham Lambert Bank, interview with Robert Harris, broadcast on Panorama, BBC TV, 19 January 1987.
119. Peter Chernin, speech of 21 June 2002, quoted in O’Neill, Copy Out.
120. Hugo Young in Guardian, 2 September 1993.
121. Bill Pressey, production general manager, Associated Newspapers, quoted in S. J. Taylor, An Unlikely Hero, p. 246.
122. The Times, 10 July 1986.
123. Ivan Fallon to the ‘UK Newspapers: Declining Medium or Growth Opportunity’ conference organized by ABN Amro, London, 30 April 2004.
CHAPTER SEVEN: INDEPENDENT CHALLENGES (PP. 300–331)
1. Stephen Glover, Paper Dreams, p. 33.
2. David Kynaston, The Financial Times: A Centenary History, p. 501.
3. Charles Wilson to the author, interview, 19 February 2004.
4. UK Press Gazette, 23 June 1986.
5. Ibid., 19 May 1986.
6. Charles Wilson to Paul Routledge, 6 June 1986, Routledge Papers.
7. Charles Wilson to the author, interview, 24 February 2004.
8. Philip Howard to the author, interview, 5 December 2002.
9. Charles Wilson to the author, interview, 24 February 2004.
10. Financial Times, 25 September 1986.
11. Geoffrey Taylor, Changing Faces: History of The Guardian, 1956–1988, pp. 328–9.
12. Report to the Board of Times Newspapers Holdings Limited, 9 December 1986, ref. A909/11192/2.
13. Charles Wilson to the author, interview, 24 February 2004.
14. Campaign, 30 October 1987.
15. The Times, 16 December 1985.
16. ‘Our Privilege’, leading article, The Times, 22 May 1986.
17. ‘First Report from the Committee of Privileges, Session 1985–86’, House of Commons, 1 May 1986.
18. The Cabinet ministers were Kenneth Baker, Kenneth Clarke, Nicholas Ridley and Paul Channon. Two Cabinet minister voted in favour of the ban. Forty-one ‘Government payroll’ MPs voted for The Times and only fifteen for the ban.
19. ‘Atticus’, Sunday Times, 25 May 1986.
20. ‘The Prime Minister’s Task’, leading article, The Times, 27 January 1986.
21. ‘Mr Heseltine’s Joystick’, leading article, The Times, 7 January 1986.
22. Michael Heseltine, Life in the Jungle, p. 311.
23. ‘A Very Good Resignation’, leading article, The Times, 10 January 1986.
24. ‘Excesses of Loyalty’ and ‘The Prime Minister’s Task’, leading articles, The Times, 24 and 27 January 1986.
25. Robin Oakley, Inside Track, pp. 118–21.
26. Robin Oakley to Simon Jenkins, no date but c. 1990, ref. 13262/6.
27. ‘A Campaign Lesson’, leading article, The Times, 10 June 1987; Peregrine Worsthorne, letters to the editor, The Times, 12 June 1987.
28. The Times, 12 May 1987.
29. Ibid., 31 December 1987.
30. Robin Oakley, Inside Track, pp. 139–41.
31. Brian MacArthur, Sunday Times, 23 August 1987; Ivor Crewe and Anthony King, SDP, p. 498.
32. The Times, 12 June 1987.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid., 29 December 1987.
35. Charles Wilson to the author, interview, 19 February 2004.
36. Rupert Murdoch to the author, interview, 5 August 2003.
37. Robin Oakley, Inside Track, pp. 237–8.
38. The Times, 20 October 1987.
39. Ibid., 22 March 1991.
40. Graham Searjeant to the author, interview, 11 January 2005.
41. Christopher Warman to the author, interview, 13 October 2004.
42. The Times, 20 October 1987.
43. Ibid., 3 January 1983.
44. Ibid., 28 August 1995.
45. Ibid., 5 December 1995.
46. Ibid., 10 February 1987.
47. Dan Topolski, letters to the editor, The Times, 20 February 2004.
48. The Times, 30 March 1987.
49. Ibid., 3 October 1988.
50. The Times, 20 September 2003; John Goodbody to the author, interview, 22 November 2004.
51. The Times, 27 and 28 May and 18 and 24 September 1987.
52. Ibid., 22 September 1998.
53. Ibid., 3 October 1988.
CHAPTER EIGHT: STURM UND DRANG (PP. 332–366)
1. Robert Fisk on The Times at two hundred, BBC TV.
2. Robert Fisk to the author, interview, 21 September 2004.
3. ‘The Case for the Raid’, leading article, The Times, 18 April 1986.
4. Robert Fisk to Charles Wilson, 11 November 1988, ref. 011846.
5. The Times, 17 March 1986.
6. Robert Fisk, Pity the Nation, p. 618.
7. Robert Fisk to the author, interview, 21 September 2004.
8. Robert Fisk to Charles Wilson, 11 November 1988, ref. 011846; ‘Beyond the Aegis’, leading article, The Times, 5 July 1988; Robert Fisk to the author, interview, 21 September 2004; Fisk, Pity the Nation, p. 635.
9. Robert Fisk, Record of meeting with Charles Wilson, 18 November 1988, Fisk Papers; ‘His Infamous Career’, leading article, The Times, 18 January 1988.
10. Max Hastings, Editor, p. 64.
11. Peter Stothard to the author, interview, 15 November 2004.
12. Richard Siklos, Shades of Black: Conrad Black and the World’s Fastest Growing Press Empire,
p. 279.
13. Matthew Parris, Chance Witness, p. 369–70.
14. Ibid., pp. 371–2.
15. Matthew Parris to the author, interview, 25 January 2005.
16. ‘A Vision of Europe’, leading article, The Times, 20 September 1988.
17. The Times, 21 September 1988.
18. ‘European Thatcherism’, leading article, The Times, 21 September 1988.
19. The Times, 27 October 1989.
20. Ibid.
21. ‘Breaking Point’, leading article, The Times, 27 October 1989.
22. ‘Panic Over’, leading article, The Times, 1 November 1989.
23. The Times, 24 November 1989; Oakley, Inside Track, pp. 131–3.
24. The Times, 31 December 1988.
25. Charles Powell and Charles Wilson correspondence, 5 October 1988 and 2 March 1989; Charles Wilson to Margaret Thatcher, 27 February 1989, ref. 13262/1.
26. The Times, 14 September 1992.
27. Ibid., 5 June 1989.
28. Ibid.
29. ‘Message from the Square’, leading article, The Times, 5 June 1989.
30. The Times, 10 November 1989.
31. TNL News, March 2003.
32. The Times, 13 November 1989.
33. Ibid., 14 November 1989.
34. Ibid., 13 and 14 November 1989.
35. The Times, 3 October 1990; The Times, 2 October 1990; ‘The German Challenge’, The Times, 3 October 1990.
36. ‘Balkan Caligula’, leading article, The Times, 19 December 1989.
37. The Times, 20 December 1989.
38. Ibid., 23 December 1989.
39. Ibid., 26 December 1989.
40. ‘Year of Revolution’, leading article, The Times, 30 December 1989.
41. The Times, 28 December 1989.
42. Daniel Johnson, The Times, 7 April 1990.
43. The Times, 29 December 1989.
44. Ibid., 22 and 29 December 1989.
45. Guardian, 26 November 1990.
46. Independent, 30 January 2002.
47. Charles Wilson to Richard Williams, 3 April 1987, ref. 9838/5/2.
48. Tim de Lisle to the author, interview, 8 February 2005; Independent, 16 August 1989; Guardian, 16 August 1989 and 2 March 1998.
49. Graham Paterson to the author, interview, 18 September 2002.
50. Charles Wilson to the author, interview, 24 February 2004.
51. Rupert Murdoch to the author, interview, 4 August 2003.
52. Ibid., 5 August 2003.
The History of the Times Page 93
