5. P. Kothamasu et al., “Nanocapsules: The Weapons for Novel Drug Delivery Systems,” BioImpacts 2, no. 2 (2012): 71–81.
6. Víctor García-López et al., “Unimolecular Submersible Nanomachines. Synthesis, Actuation, and Monitoring,” Nano Letters 15, no. 12 (2015): 8229–8239.
7. Doctor Who, “The Empty Child,” season 1, episode 9, first broadcast May 21, 2005, directed by James Hawkes and written by Steven Moffat; Doctor Who, “The Doctor Dances,” season 1, episode 10, first broadcast May 28, 2005, directed by James Hawkes and written by Steven Moffat.
8. Charles Stross, Glasshouse (New York: Ace, 2006).
9. Dan Simmons, Ilium (New York: HarperTorch, 2005); Dan Simmons, Olympos (New York: Harper Voyager, 2006).
10. John Scalzi, Lock In: A Novel of the Near Future (New York: Tor Books, 2014).
11. Star Trek, “Where No Man Has Gone Before,” first broadcast September 22, 1966 on NBC, directed by James Goldstone and written by Samuel A. Peeples; Star Trek, “Charlie X,” first broadcast September 15, 1966, on NBC, directed by Lawrence Dobkin and written by D. C. Fontana; Star Trek, “The Squire of Gothos,” first broadcast January 12, 1967, on NBC, directed by Don McDougall and written by Paul Schneider.
12. Adi Robertson, “The Classics: ‘Burning Chrome,’” Verge, November 3, 2012, https://www.theverge.com/2012/11/3/3594618/the-classics-burning-chrome (accessed June 19, 2017).
13. Guillermo Fuertes et al., “Intelligent Packaging Systems: Sensors and Nanosensors to Monitor Food Quality and Safety,” Journal of Sensors (2016), article ID 4046061.
CHAPTER 11: MAN AND NATURE
1. “Carbon & Tree Facts,” Abor Environmental Alliance, http://www.arborenvironmentalalliance.com/carbon-tree-facts.asp (accessed on June 23, 2017).
2. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “Carbon Dioxide Levels Rose at Record Pace for 2nd Straight Year,” March 10, 2017, http://www.noaa.gov/news/carbon-dioxide-levels-rose-at-record-pace-for-2nd-straight-year (accessed June 19, 2017).
3. “World of Change: Global Temperatures,” NASA, https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/WorldOfChange/decadaltemp.php (accessed June 19, 2017).
4. National Centers for Environmental Information, “Global Climate Report—January 2017,” https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201701 (accessed June 19, 2017).
5. Michael Slezak, “Revealed: First Mammal Species Wiped Out by Human-Induced Climate Change,” Guardian, June 13, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jun/14/first-case-emerges-of-mammal-species-wiped-out-by-human-induced-climate-change (accessed June 19, 2017).
6. CNN Wire Staff, “Report 75% of Coral Reefs Threatened,” CNN.com, March 23, 2011, http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/02/25/world.coral.reefs/index.html (accessed June 19, 2017).
7. Amanda Mascarelli, “Climate-Change Adaptation: Designer Reefs,” Nature, April 23, 2014, http://www.nature.com/news/climate-change-adaptation-designer-reefs-1.15073 (accessed June 19, 2017).
8. Hugh Hunt, “A Radical Proposal on Climate Change: Block out the Sun,” CNN.com, June 30, 2016, http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/19/world/blocking-the-sun/index.html (accessed June 18, 2017).
9. Gaia Vince, “Sucking CO2 From the Skies,” BBC Future, October 4, 2012, http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20121004-fake-trees-to-clean-the-skies (accessed June 21, 2017).
10. Emily Matchar, “Will Buildings of the Future Be Cloaked In Algae?” Smithsonian.com, May 26, 2015, http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/will-buildings-future-be-cloaked-algae-180955396/ (accessed June 21, 2017).
11. . Wl Al Sadat, “The O2-Assisted Al/CO2 Electrochemical Cell: A System for CO2 Capture/Conversion and Electric Power Generation,” Science Advances 2, no. 7, July 20, 2016.
12. Juerg M. Matter et al., “Rapid Carbon Mineralization for Permanent Disposal of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Emissions,” Science 352, no. 6291 (June 10, 2016): 1312–14.
13. David Rotman, “A Cheap and Easy Plan to Stop Global Warming,” MIT Technology Review, February 8, 2013, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/511016/a-cheap-and-easy-plan-to-stop-global-warming/ (accessed June 21, 2017).
14. Jessica Salter, “Wrapping Greenland in Reflective Blankets,” Telegraph, February 18, 2009, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/environment/climatechange/4689667/Wrapping-Greenland-in-reflective-blankets.html (accessed June 21, 2017).
15. Bill Christensen, “Space-Based Sun-Shade Concept a Bright Idea,” , November 11, 2006, https://www.space.com/3100-space-based-sun-shade-concept-bright-idea.html (accessed June 21, 2017).
16. Tobias Buckell, Arctic Rising (New York: St. Martins Press-3pl, 2012).
17. Paolo Bacigalupi, The Water Knife (New York: Knopf Doubleday, 2016).
18. Wesley Chu, The Lives of Tao (Nottingham, UK: Angry Robot, 2013).
19. Liu Cixin, The Three-body Problem (New York: Tom Doherty Associates, 2014).
20. Michel Faber, The Book of Strange New Things: A Novel (New York: Hogarth, 2014).
21. Holger Schmithüsen et al., “How Increasing CO2 Leads to an Increased Negative Greenhouse Effect in Antarctica,” Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 23 (December 2015): 10,422–28.
22. “Ozone Destruction,” Ozone Hole, http://www.theozonehole.com/ozonedestruction.htm (accessed June 19, 2017).
23. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010,” https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/assessments/ozone/2010/executivesummary/ (accessed June 19, 2017).
CHAPTER 12: TIME TO MOVE (PLAN B)
1. Jack Williamson, “Collision Orbit,” Astounding Science Fiction, July 6 1942.
2. Nola Taylor Redd, “What Is Solar Wind?” Space.com, August 1, 2013, https://www.space.com/22215-solar-wind.html.
3. Futurama, “Mars University,” first broadcast October 3, 1999, by Fox, directed by Bret Haaland and Gregg Vanzo and written by J. Stewart Burns.
4. Nola Taylor Redd, “How Far Away Is Venus?” Space.com, November 16, 2012, https://www.space.com/18529-distance-to-venus.html (accessed June 19, 2017).
5. Matt Williams, “How Do We Terraform Venus?” Universe Today, June 21, 2016, https://www.universetoday.com/113412/how-do-we-terraform-venus/ (accessed June 21, 2017).
6. Tim Sharp, “How Far Away Is Mars?” Space.com, August 2, 2012, https://www.space.com/16875-how-far-away-is-mars.html (accessed June 18, 2017).
7. Fiona MacDonald, “It's Official: NASA Announces Mars’ Atmosphere Was Stripped Away by Solar Winds,” Science Alert, November 5, 2015, https://www.sciencealert.com/live-updates-nasa-is-announcing-what-happened-to-mars-atmosphere-right-now (accessed June 19, 2017).
8. Jay Bennett, “NASA Considers Magnetic Shield to Help Mars Grow Its Atmosphere: NASA Planetary Science Division Director, Jim Green, Says Launching a Magnetic Shield Could Help Warm Mars and Possibly Allow It to Become Habitable,” Popular Mechanics, March 1, 2017, http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/moon-mars/a25493/magnetic-shield-mars-atmosphere (accessed April 29, 2017).
9. Robert M. Zubrin and Christopher P. McKay, “Technological Requirements for Terraforming Mars,” 1993, http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~mfogg/zubrin.htm (accessed June 21, 2017).
10. Shannon Stirone, “Your Guide to the Most Habitable Exoplanets,” Astronomy Magazine, April 7, 2017, http://www.astronomy.com/news/2017/04/exoplanet-guide (accessed June 21, 2017).
11. Ian Sample, “Exoplanet Discovery: Seven Earth-Sized Planets Found Orbiting Nearby Star,” Guardian, February 23, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/feb/22/thrilling-discovery-of-seven-earth-sized-planets-discovered-orbiting-trappist-1-star (accessed June 19, 2017).
12. Nadia Drake, “Potentially Habitable Planet Found Orbiting Star Closest to Sun,” National Geographic, August 24, 2016, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/08/earth-mass-planet-proxima-centauri-habitable-space-science/ (accessed June 19, 2017).
13. Nicola Davis, “Apollo Deep Space Astronauts Five Times More Likely to Die from Heart Disease,” Guardian, July 28, 2016, https://www.theguardian.
com/science/2016/jul/28/apollo-deep-space-astronauts-five-times-more-likely-to-die-from-heart-disease (accessed June 19, 2017).
14. Takuma Hashimoto et al., “Extremotolerant Tardigrade Genome and Improved Radiotolerance of Human Cultured Cells by Tardigrade-Unique Protein,” Nature Communications 7 (2016).
CHAPTER 13: INTELLIGENCE COMES IN ORGANIC AND ARTIFICIAL FLAVORS
1. F-C Yeh, “Quantifying Differences and Similarities in Whole-Brain White Matter Architecture Using Local Connectome Fingerprints,” PLoS Computational Biology 12, no. 11, November 15, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005203 (accessed April 29, 2017).
2. Isaac Asimov, The Foundation Trilogy (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010).
3. Elizabeth Howell, “Henrietta Swan Leavitt: Discovered How to Measure Stellar Distance,” Space.com, November 11, 2016, https://www.space.com/34708-henrietta-swan-leavitt-biography.html (accessed June 22, 2017).
4. Sara Chodosh, “The Incredible Evolution of Supercomputers’ Powers, From 1946 To Today,” Popular Science, April 22, 2017, http://www.popsci.com/supercomputers-then-and-now (accessed June 22, 2017).
5. Adrian Cho, “‘Huge Leap Forward’: Computer That Mimics Human Brain Beats Professional at Game of Go,” Science, January 27, 2016, http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/01/huge-leap-forward-computer-mimics-human-brain-beats-professional-game-go (accessed June 22, 2017).
6. Bruce Weber, “Swift and Slashing, Computer Topples Kasparov,” New York Times, May 12, 1997, http://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/12/nyregion/swift-and-slashing-computer-topples-kasparov.html (accessed June 19, 2017).
7. Sean O'Neill, “Forget Turing—I Want to Test Computer Creativity,” New Scientist, December 10, 2014, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22429992-900-forget-turing-i-want-to-test-computer-creativity/ (accessed June 27, 2017).
8. Vernor Vinge, “The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era,” in Vision-21: Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in the Era of Cyberspace, ed. G.A. Landis, NASA Publication CP-10129 (Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993), pp. 11–22.
9. Andy Greenberg, “Now Anyone Can Deploy Google's Troll-Fighting AI,” Wired, February 23, 2017, https://www.wired.com/2017/02/googles-troll-fighting-ai-now-belongs-world/ (accessed June 19, 2017).
10. Julian Jaynes, The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976).
11. Lee Bell, “What Is Moore's Law? Wired Explains the Theory That Defined the Tech Industry,” Wired, August 28, 2016, http://www.wired.co.uk/article/wired-explains-moores-law (accessed June 19, 2017).
12. Tomoki W. Suzuki, Jun Kunimatsu, and Masaki Tanaka, “Correlation between Pupil Size and Subjective Passage of Time in Non-Human Primates,” Journal of Neuroscience 2, no. 36 (November 2016): 11331–37.
13. Kim Zetter, “An Unprecedented Look at Stuxnet, the World's First Digital Weapon,” Wired, November 3, 2014, https://www.wired.com/2014/11/countdown-to-zero-day-stuxnet/ (accessed June 19, 2017).
CHAPTER 14: THE RISE OF THE ROBOTS
1. “Jan. 25, 1921: The Robot Cometh,” Wired, January 25, 2007, https://www.wired.com/2007/01/jan-25-1921-the-robot-cometh/ (accessed June 19, 2017).
2. Isaac Asimov, “Liar,” Astounding Science Fiction, 1941; Alan Brown, “The Man Who Coined the Term ‘Robotics,’” From the Editors Desk (blog), April 18, 2012, https://memagazineblog.org/2012/04/18/the-man-who-coined-the-term-robotics/ (accessed 7/1/2017).
3. Daven Hiskey, “The First Robot Was a Steam-Powered Pigeon,” Mental Floss, http://mentalfloss.com/article/13083/first-robot-created-400-bce-was-steam-powered-pigeon (accessed June 19, 2017).
4. Ibn al-Razzaz al–Jazari, The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices: Kitáb fí ma'rifat al-hiyal al-handasiyya, trans. Donald R. Hill (Springer Science & Business Media, 1973).
5. Nicholas Jackson, “Elektro the Moto-Man, One of the World's First Celebrity Robots,” Atlantic, February 21, 2011, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/02/elektro-the-moto-man-one-of-the-worlds-first-celebrity-robots/71505/ (accessed June 19, 2017).
6. Hank Campbell, “Early 20th Century Robots: Sparko, the Robotic Scottish Terrier,” Science 2.0, March 31, 2011, http://www.science20.com/science_20/early_20th_century_robots_spar...-77664 (accessed June 22, 2017).
7. Guinness World Records, “First Human to be Killed by a Robot,” http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-human-to-be-killed-by-a-robot (accessed June 19, 2017).
8. Kris Osborn, “Pentagon Plans for Cuts to Drone Budgets,” DOD Buzz, January 2, 2014, https://www.dodbuzz.com/2014/01/02/pentagon-plans-for-cuts-to-drone-budgets/ (accessed June 22, 2017).
9. Isaac Asimov, “Runaround,” Astounding Science Fiction, March 1942.
10. Isaac Asimov, Foundation and Earth (New York: Doubleday, 1986).
11. “Robot Rules, OK? An Examination of Asimov's ‘Laws of Robotics’ Fiction,” Computer (two parts: 26, no. 12 [December 1993] and 27, no. 1 [January 1994]).
12. Gordon Briggs and Matthias Scheutz, “Sorry, I Can't Do That: Developing Mechanisms to Appropriately Reject Directives in Human-Robot Interactions,” (paper presented at the AAAI Fall Symposium Series, Human Robot Interaction Laboratory, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 2015).
13. Fred Hapgood, “Chaotic Robotics,” Wired 2, no. 9, September 1994, https://www.wired.com/1994/09/tilden/ (accessed April, 29, 2017).
14. Cecilia Kang, “Cars Talking to One Another? They Could Under Proposed Safety Rules,” New York Times, December 13, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/13/technology/cars-talking-to-one-another-they-could-under-proposed-safety-rules.html?_r=0 (accessed June 19, 2017).
15. Alex Davies, “Here's What It's Like to Ride in Uber's Self-Driving Car,” Wired, September 16, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/09/heres-like-ride-ubers-self-driving-car/ (accessed June 19, 2017).
16. Paul A. Eisenstein, “Now You Can Ride in a Google Self-Driving Car,” NBC News, April 25, 2017, http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/now-you-can-ride-google-self-driving-car-n750646 (accessed June 19, 2017).
17. Knvul Sheikh, “New Robot Helps Babies with Cerebral Palsy Learn to Crawl,” Scientific American, October 1, 2016.
18. “ECCEROBOT,” Technische Universität München, http://www6.in.tum.de/Main/ResearchEccerobot (accessed June 22, 2017).
19. SoftBank, “SoftBank Increases Its Interest in Aldebaran to 95%” https://www.ald.softbankrobotics.com/en/press/press-releases/softbank-increases-its-interest (accessed June 19, 2017).
20. Danielle Egan, “Here for Your Heart Surgery? Come Meet Dr. Snake-Bot,” Discover, January 29, 2011, http://discovermagazine.com/2010/nov/29-ready-for-heart-surgery-meet-dr-snake-bot (accessed June 19, 2017).
21. Bridget Borgobello, “Knightscope Reveals Robotic Security Guard,” New Atlas, December 5, 2013, http://newatlas.com/knightscope-k5-k10-robot-security-guard/30024/ (accessed June 19, 2017).
CHAPTER 15: ARE WE ALONE? EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE
1. Harry Bates, “Farewell to the Master,” Astounding Science Fiction, 1940.
2. “The Post-Detection SETI Protocol,” North American Astrophysical Observatory, http://www.naapo.org/SETIprotocol.htm (accessed June 30, 2017).
3. “How Many Solar Systems Are in Our Galaxy”? NASA, https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/review/dr-marc-space/solar-systems-in-galaxy.html (accessed June 19, 2017).
4. “The Nobel Prize in Physics,” Nobel Prizes and Laureates, https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1938/ (accessed June 19, 2017).
5. “Stars and Habitable Planets,” Sol, http://www.solstation.com/habitable.htm (accessed June 19, 2017).
6. Charles Q. Choi, “Double Sunsets May be Common, but Twin-Star Setups Still Mysterious,” Space.com, January 18, 2010, https://www.space.com/7792-double-sunsets-common-twin-star-setups-mysterious.html (accessed June 22, 2017).
7. Star Trek, “The Devil in the Dark,” first broadcast March 9, 1967, by NB
C, directed by Joseph Pevney and written by Gene L. Coon.
8. Josef Allen Hynek, The UFO Experience: A Scientific Inquiry (Chicago: H. Regnery Company, 1972).
9. Nell Greenfieldboyce, “NASA Spots What May Be Plumes of Water on Jupiter's Moon Europa,” NPR the Two-Way, September 26, 2016, http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/26/495512651/nasa-spots-what-may-be-plumes-of-water-on-jupiters-moon-europa (accessed June 22, 2017).
10. “Post-Detection SETI.”
CHAPTER 16: A REALLY LONG-DISTANCE CALL: INTERSTELLAR COMMUNICATION
1. Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, s.v. “Ansible.”
2. “Taming Photons, Electrons Paves Way for Quantum Internet,” China Technology News, September 20, 2016, http://www.technologynewschina.com/2016/09/taming-photons-electrons-paves-way-for.html (accessed June 19, 2017).
3. Ling Xin, “China Launches World's First Quantum Science Satellite,” IOP Physics World, August 16, 2016, http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2016/aug/16/china-launches-world-s-first-quantum-science-satellite (accessed April 29, 2017).
CHAPTER 17: AD ASTRA PER ASPERA: A ROUGH ROAD LEADS TO THE STARS
1. Serenity, directed by Joss Whedon, Universal Pictures, 2005.
2. Jacob Astor IV, A Journey in Other Worlds: A Romance of the Future (D Appleton, 1894).
3. Frank K. Kelly, “Star Ship Invincible,” Astounding Stories (1935).
4. H. G. Wells, The First Men in the Moon (Marblehead, Massachusetts: Trajectory, 2014).
5. “Escape Velocity: Fun and Games,” NASA, https://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/k-4/features/F_Escape_Velocity.html (accessed June 23, 2017).
6. New World Encyclopedia, s.v. “Space Elevator,” http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Space_elevator (accessed June 30, 2017).
7. Arthur C. Clarke, The Fountains of Paradise (New York: Hartcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979).
8. Stuart Fox, “How Do Solar Sails Work?” Live Science, May 17, 2010, https://www.livescience.com/32593-how-do-solar-sails-work-.html (accessed June 23, 2017).
9. “Space ‘Spiderwebs’ Could Propel Future Probes,” New Scientist, April 25, 2008, https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13776-space-spiderwebs-could-propel-future-probes/ (accessed July 2, 2017).
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