The Rape of Europa
Page 23
Isabella and her Museum 183–92
Personal Life 159–64, 198
Relations with Berenson 1, 165–82
Gardner, Jack 163–4, 178, 181–3
Gardner, Museum 1–5, 183–93, 196–8
Genlis, Felicite de 104, 106, 110, 129
George III, King of Great Britain 127
Gerbier, Balthasar 61, 76
Gevaerts, Jan 67
Gillot, James 150
Giordano, Luca 79
Giorgione 7, 27, 141, 175
Giotto 18, 149
Girondin Party 106
Giulio Romano 94
Gombrich, Ernst 13
Gondomar, Count of 60
Gonzaga, Federico, Duke of Mantua 8–9, 11, 45, 66, 87
Gower, George Granville Leveson-Gower, Earl of Gower, later Marquess of Stafford and 1st Duke of Sutherland 127–8, 144
Gramont, Antoine, 2nd Duke of 86–7
Gramont, Antoine, 4th Duke of 86–9
Grand Tour 104, 133–5, 140
Grimm, Melchior 102
Guadarrama Mountains 35, 84
Guiche, Guy Armand, Count of 88
Guillotine, Dr 112
Gutekunst, Otto 157, 168–9, 173, 182
Guzman, Eufrasia de 32
Hackert, Jacob Philipp 135
Hadley, Rollin van N 195
Hamilton, Gavin 147
Hammen, Lorenzo van der 32
Hamilton Palace 149, 155
Hardy, Simeon 111
Harman, Jeremiah 118
Haro, Don Luis, Marquis de Carpio 76–8
Harvard University 1, 166
Hastenbeck, Battle of 101
Havemeyer, Henry Osborne 162
Hearst, William Randolph 183
Henrietta Maria, Queen of England 64, 85, 88, 90, 94, 141
Henry IV, King of France 34, 53–5, 88, 90
Herrera, Francisco 68, 79
Herrera, Juan de 35
Hertford, Francis Charles Seymour-Conway, 3rd Marquess of 147, 149
Hertford, Richard, 4th Marquess of 48, 147, 149
Holkham Hall 89
Hooper, Edward William 175
Horne, Herbert 180
Horsfall, Thomas Coglan 150
Hortensio, Friar 77
Hume, Abraham 152
Huntington, Henry 162, 170, 183
I Tatti, Villa 182
Industrial Revolution 3, 126, 138, 145, 148, 157, 161
Infanta see Maria Anna
Innocent XI, Pope 94
Inquisition, Spanish 26, 71
Ironbridge Gorge 138
Isabella, Archduchess of Spanish Netherlands, 66
Isabella d’Este, Duchess of Mantua 174
Isabella of Portugal, Empress 35
Isabella, Queen of Spain78
Jacobin Party 105, 11, 120–1
James I, King of England 59–60, 62, 69, 85
James II, King of England 85
James, Henry 164, 186–9
James, William 186
Jameson, Anna 131, 149
Jerusalem, Temple of 36
Joanna of Baden-Baden, Duchess of Orléans 98
John of Austria, Don 28, 33, 39, 56
Johnson, Dr 104
Johnson, John G. 162
Jones, Inigo 69, 144
Joseph Ferdinand, Elector of Bavaria 86
Julius II, Pope 14
Kaiser Friedrich Museum, Berlin 144, 156
Kauffmann, Angelica 135
Kent, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of 142
Keppel, Augustus, 1st Viscount, Admiral 106
Kinnaird, Lord 116–17
Kress, Samuel 162
Kuntshistorisches Museum 65
Kurtz, Andrew 150
Laborde-Mereville, Francois Louis Jean-Joseph de 118, 127
Lafayette, Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de 108, 113–14
La Font de Saint-Yenne 100
Laclos, Pierre Alexandre Choderlos de 110, 112
Law, John 97
Lawrence, Sir Thomas 65
Le Brun, Charles 84, 89
Le Notre, Andre 84, 89
Le Rouge, Georges 92
Le Vau, Louis 89
Leathart, James 150
Lemercier, Jaques 90
Leo X, Pope 14
Leonardo da Vinci 14, 27, 41, 131, 174
Leoni, Leone 26, 56, 75
Leoni, Pompeo 39
Leopold William, Archduke of Austria 94
Lepanto, Battle of 28, 33, 59
Lerma, Francisco Gomez de Sandoval, Duke of 55, 66
Lindsay, Lord 149
Lippi, Filippino 48
Lorenzo de’ Medici 47
Louis, Duke of Orléans 4, 98–101
Louis, Victor 103, 108
Louis XIII, King of France 54, 64, 90
Louis XIV, King of France 3, 54, 73, 81, 83, 91, 95, 97, 103–4, 184
Louis XV, King of France 90, 98, 102, 123
Louis XVI, King of France 3, 102, 106–10, 112, 120–3, 145
Louis XVIII, King of France 114, 145
Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans 101
Louis Philippe Joseph, called Philippe Egalité, Duke of Orléans
Louis Philippe, King (formerly Duke of Chartres) 106, 110, 121
Louise Henriette de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans 101
Louise Marie Adelaide de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans 103
Louvre Museum (formerly Palace), Paris 4, 90, 101, 119, 130, 134
Lucas, Amabel 130
Luxembourg Palace, Paris 100
Lyceum, London 128–30
Maine, Louis Auguste, Duke of 90
Maintenon, Francoise d’Aubigne, Madame de 91
Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition 147–50, 152
Mansart, Jules Hardouin 84, 91
Mantegna, Andrea 8, 174, 189
Marais, Mathieu 92
Marat, Jean-Paul 105, 109, 113, 120
Maria Anna, Infanta of Spain 59–61, 63–4, 141, 171
Maria Teresa, Empress of Austria 107
Marianna of Austria, Queen of Spain 78
Marie Antoinette, Queen of France 107, 109, 112, 114
Marie Leszczynska, Queen of France 98
Mary, Duchess of Burgundy 11
Mary, Queen Consort of Hungary and Governor of the Netherlands 10, 36
Mary I, Queen of England 15, 32
Marx, Karl 148
Mary, Queen of Scots 172
Matthew, Tobie 60
Mawson, Samuel 147
Maximilian, Holy Roman Emperor 48
Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal 54, 78, 87
McKay, William 156
Mellon, Andrew 162, 177
Mendoza, Juan Hurtado de 11, 47
Merkers Mine, Thuringia 194
Metropolitan Museum, New York 162, 177
Meyer, Julius 156
Michelangelo Buonarotti 8, 14, 18, 22, 27, 35, 69, 132–3
Middleton, Thomas 64
Mildmay, William 100
Millais, Sir John Everett 151
Mirabeau, Henri Gabriel Riqueti, Comte de 105, 114
Miranda, Juan Carreno de 79
Mississippi Bubble 98
Molière 84, 90
Molina, Tirso de 55, 73
Monet, Claude 5
Monsigny, Pierre-Alexandre 102
Montespan, Francoise-Athenais, Madame de 90
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de
Montesson, Charlotte Jeanne Beraud, Madame de Montesson and Duchess of Orléans 102
Montgolfier Bros 105, 108
Monuments Men 193
Mor, Antonio 39
Mora, Juan Gomez de 56
Morelli, Giovanni 153, 166
Muhlberg, Battle of 10
Munch, Edvard 5
Murillo, Bartolome 55, 149
Murray, John 145, 148
Napoleon Buonaparte, Emperor of France 99, 105, 123, 130
Napoleonic Wars 125–32
Nash, John 137–8
National Convention 118, 120
National Gallery, London 8, 12, 16, 27, 71, 93, 129, 137, 140–1, 146, 149, 155, 157, 169–70, 177, 182, 198
National Gallery, Washington 162, 176, 189
Necker, Joseph 112
Nelson, Horatio, 1st Viscount and Admiral 125, 129, 132
Nemeitz, Joachim 95
Northcote, James 152
Odescalchi, Don Livio 94
Olivares, Gaspar de Guzman, Count-Duke of 55, 59, 61, 74, 80
Olmsted, Frederick Law 1, 183
Oppenord, Gilles-Marie 91
Orléans Collection 91–5, 99–101, 103–4
Orléans Sale 115–19, 127–31, 134, 137, 141, 144, 148
Osorio, Doña Ana de 32
Otis, Elisha 161
Ovid 3, 11–12, 43, 46–7, 50–1, 59, 72, 99, 135
Pacheco, Francisco 67, 69, 77
Palais-Royal, Paris 3, 90–104, 106, 108–10, 112, 114, 117–22, 129–30
Palazzo Barbaro, Venice 163, 173
Palazzo del Te, Mantua 9, 45
Palazzo Doria, Genoa 9
Palma Giovane 21, 68
Palma Vecchio 21, 27
Palomino, Antonio 33, 40
Parmigianino, Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola, called 22, 48
Pastorini, Pastorini de 10
Peel, Sir Robert 149
Peiresc, Nicolas-Claude 67
Penny Dr Nicholas 156, 198
Penthievrè, Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of 103
Perez, Antonio 33, 40
Peruggia, Vincenzo 4
Perugino, Pietro 8, 174
Philip II, King of Spain 1, 3, 9, 24, 27–9, 45, 48, 53, 55, 61–3, 77, 80, 84–5, 147, 187, 198
Philip III, King of Spain 55–6, 66, 85
Philip IV, King of Spain 56, 64–70, 73–9, 187, 198
Philip V, King of Spain 3, 86–7
Philippe, Duke of Orléans (brother of Louis XIV) 88, 90
Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France 3, 88–98, 128
Piano, Renzo 196
Pickwick Papers 143–4
Pierpont Morgan, John 162, 177, 179, 183, 191
Pieve di Cadore 7, 25
Pitt the Younger, William 125, 127, 134
Poesie see Titian
Poliziano, Angelo 47
Poussin, Nicholas 18, 66, 75, 83, 92–3, 131–2, 137
Pozzo, Cassiano del 16, 56
Prince Regent, later George IV, King of Great Britain 115, 121, 136–7
Priscianese, Francesco 25
Provence, Comte de see Louis XVIII
Pückler-Muskau, Prince von 143
Pulteney, Lord 100
Racine, Jean 84
Raleigh, Sir Walter 34
Ransom, Morland & Hammersley, Bankers 116
Raphael, Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino called 14, 22, 65–6, 69, 92, 128–9, 132–3, 137, 155, 162, 176–7, 180
Raynham Hall 89
Rembrandt van Rijn 4, 49, 156, 174, 176, 180
Reni, Guido 49, 93, 132
Repton, Humphrey 137, 143
Reveillon Riots 112
Reynolds, Sir Joshua 65, 121, 133, 142, 152
Ribera, Juseppe de 74
Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal 54, 90–1, 95
Rigby, Dr Edward 113
Rizi, Francisco 68, 79
Robber Barons 162
Robbia, Luca della 48
Robespierre, Maximilien 111, 113, 121
Rockerfeller, John D. 162, 183
Rokeby Hall 71
Romano, Giulio 45
Rosand, David 13
Ross, Robert 180
Rostand, Robert 180
Rousseau, Jean Jaques 111
Rubens, Sir Peter Paul 18, 20, 49, 55–7, 66–9, 79, 92–4, 137, 141–2, 174, 180, 187, 198
Rucellai, Giovanni 174
Rudolph II, Emperor
Ruskin, John 150, 164, 166
Saint-Georges, Chevalier de 105
Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvray, Duke of 84, 96
Salamanca, School of 34
San Quentin, Battle of 33, 35, 38
Sansovino, Jacopo 25
Sanssouci, Potsdam, Palace of 99
Sargent, John Singer 164, 188, 198
Sarto, Andrea del 76
Scharf, George 152
Schiller, Friedrich 33
Sebastiano del Piombo 7, 93, 129
Seers, William T. 184
Seven Years’ War 101, 122
Sheepshanks, John 150
Sholes, Christopher 161
Siguenza, Jose de 37
Slade, Thomas Moore 115–18, 127
Stalin, Joseph 162
Stephenson, George 126
Steuart, George 134
Sully, Maximilien de Bethune, Duke of 54
Talleyrand, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord, later Prince of 105, 114
Tate Gallery, London 150, 183
Tate, Sir Henry 150
Tebaldi, Jacopo 24
Telford, Thomas 127, 138
Teresa of Avila, Saint 34
Thirty Years’ War 94
Tibaldi, Pellegrino 38
Tiepolo, Paolo 32
Tintoretto, Jacopo Robusti called 27, 29, 69, 93, 151, 155
Tirpitz, Admiral von 158
Titian, Tiziano Vecellio called
Artists influenced by 66–72, 79, 133
Collectors of 7–8, 55, 58–9, 61–2, 64–5, 76–8, 134–5, 137, 141, 178–80
Critical Opinion 18–20, 57, 99–100, 104, 129–32, 139–40, 151–4
Personal Relations 24–6
Poesie 13, 15, 39–44, 52, 87, 89, 92–4
Relations with Philip II 3, 9–15, 27, 31, 36–7, 39
The Rape of Europa 1–5, 16–7, 29, 42, 56, 81, 123, 142, 146–7, 153–8, 168–75, 187, 196–8
Toledo, Juan Battista de 35
Torre de la Parada, Palace 73
Townshend, Charles, 2nd Viscount 89
Trafalgar, Battle of 157
Treaty of Amiens 134
Treaty of Munster 78
Treaty of Pyrenees 54
Treaty of Tolentino 138
Tuileries, Paris, Palace of 114, 119
Turner, Dawson 154
Turner, Joseph Mallord William 149–50
Ushant, Battle of 107
Van Dyck, Sir Anthony 65, 133, 137, 177
Varenne, Flight to 116–17
Vargas, Diego de 15, 22
Vasari, Giorgio 18–20, 22, 70
Vaux-le-Vicomte, Chateau 89
Vecellio, Cecilia 25
Vecellio, Orsa 25
Vega, Lope de 55, 68, 71, 73
Velázquez, Diego de 3, 8, 20, 29, 55–6, 59, 67, 149, 175–6, 180, 198
Verdi, Giuseppe 33
Vermeer, Johannes 4, 165
Vernon, Robert 150
Veronese, Paolo Cagliari called 26–7, 29, 48–9, 70, 92–3, 131, 153, 155, 176
Versailles, Palace of 84, 89, 91, 100–1, 103, 109–11, 113, 145
Victoria, Queen of Great Britain 143, 150, 157
Villa Borghese, Rome 179
Vitoria, Francisco de 34
Voltaire 111
Vouet, Simon 90
Waagen, Dr Gustav 144–7, 152, 156
Walckiers, Edouard 118
Wallace Collection, London 16, 48, 133, 146
Wallace, Sir Richard 146, 154
War of Spanish Succession 86–7, 89
Watt, James 144
Watteau, Jean-Antoine 49, 176, 198
Watten, J. 139
Watts, A. E. 50–1
Webb, John 144
Werff, Adriaen van der 96
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of 125, 136, 149
West, Benjamin 127
Westminster, Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of 169–70
Weyden, Roger van der 36
Wharton, Edith 189
Whistler, James McNeil 164, 188, 198
Widener, Peter 176–7
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br /> Wilde, Oscar 180
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 158
William III King of England 85
William, Prince of Orange, called William the Silent 33
Wilson, Andrew 131
Wilson, Harriete 136
Wolfe, James 122
Worth, Charles 164
Wren, Sir Christopher 83
Wyatt, James 142
Young, Arthur 11
Zorn, Anders 164
Zuccaro, Federico 38
Zurbarán, Francisco de 55
Two of Titian’s poesie: ‘The Rape of Europa’, (c. 1560–2), Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston (above) and ‘Danae Receiving the Shower of Gold’, (1553), Prado, Madrid (below)
Diego Velázquez, ‘The Spinners or The Fable of Arachne’, (c. 1655–60), Prado, Madrid
Titian, ‘Portrait of King Philip II’, (1551), Prado, Madrid
Sir Joshua Reynolds P.R.A., ‘Portrait of Louis-Philippe-Joseph d’Orléans, Duke of Chartres, later Duke of Orléans’, (1779), Musée Condé, Chantilly (above); The Palais-Royal, Paris (below)
The Picture Gallery at Attingham Park, Shrewsbury, Shropshire (above); Cobham Hall, Cobham, Kent (below)
Art historian Bernard Berenson at his home outside Florence, Villa I Tatti, 1903
John Singer Sargent, ‘Portrait of Isabella Stewart Gardner’, (1888), Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston
The courtyard of the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, Massachusetts
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First published 2015
© Charles FitzRoy, 2015
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ISBN HB: 9781408192092
ePub: 9781408192115