104. Helms, Look Over My Shoulder, Kindle location 3537.
105. Evan Thomas, Robert Kennedy: His Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000), 125.
106. Weiner, Legacy of Ashes, 209.
107. Memorandum from the Chief of Operations in the Deputy Directorate of Plans (Helms) to Director of Central Intelligence (McCone), January 19, 1962, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963: Cuba 1961–1962, vol. 10 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997), 721.
108. Holzman, James Jesus Angleton, the CIA and the Craft of Counterintelligence, 190.
109. Peter Wright, Spycatcher: 194–205. The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer (New York: Viking Penguin, 1987), 202–5.
110. “Project ZRRIFLE,” December 9, 1960, NARA CIA JFK RIF 1993.06.30.18:51:34:280330; available at http://bit.ly/2dSJDlt. See also Final Report of the House Select Committee on Assassinations, 204.
111. Wright, Spycatcher, 381.
112. Yossi Melman, “Inside Intel: Our Man in Havana,” Ha’aretz, March 3, 2011; available at http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/inside-intel-our-man-in-havana-1.346821.
113. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960–61 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999), 1035–40.
114. Fletcher Knebel and Charles Bailey II, Seven Days in May (New York: Bantam, 1963).
115. David Atlee Phillips, Secret Wars Diary: My Adventures in Combat, Espionage Operations and Covert Action (Bethesda, MD: Stone Trail Press, 1999), 167.
116. Willie Morris, New York Days (Boston: Back Bay Books, 1993), 36.
117. Robert M. Hathaway and Russell Jack Smith, Richard Helms as Director of Central Intelligence, 1966–1973 (Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 1993), 102.
118. Holzman, James Jesus Angleton, 142.
119. Ginsberg talked about Angleton and Cord Meyer in a lecture he delivered on June 9, 1977, at the Naropa Institute, Boulder, Colorado. Available at http://ginsbergblog.blogspot.com/2013/11/investigative-poetics-10-conclusion.html.
120. “Intelligence Reports,” undated, Louise Page Morris Papers, box 2, folder 11, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University.
121. Angleton House Select Committee on Assassinations testimony, October 5, 1978, 67. NARA JFK HSCA RIF 180-10110-10006.
122. Cees Wiebes, “Operation ‘Piet’: The Joseph Sidney Petersen Jr. Spy Case, a Dutch ‘Mole’ Inside the National Security Agency,” Intelligence and National Security 23, no. 4, (2008): 488–535.
123. Author’s interview with Efraim Halevy, December 16, 2015.
124. “Extracts from CI History,” undated, 24 pages, NARA JFK CIA RIF 104-10301-10011.
125. Helms, Look Over My Shoulder, Kindle location 2888.
126. Memo from James Angleton to Director FBI, “Physical Description of Anatoliy Mikhalovich Golitsyn,” December 16, 1961, NARA JFK CIA RIF 104-10168-10118.
127. Jerry Ennis, “Anatoly Golitsyn: Long Term CIA Agent?” Intelligence and National Security 21, no. 1 (February 2006): 26.
128. Memo from James Angleton to Director FBI, “Anatoliy Mikhaylovich Klimov,” December 20, 1961, NARA JFK CIA RIF 104-10263-10004.
129. Frontline, “The Spy Hunter,” produced by Jenny Clayton; aired on May 14, 1991.
130. Ennis, “Anatoly Golitsyn,” 28.
131. Ibid., 33–34.
132. Hathaway and Smith, Richard Helms, 120–21.
133. David Wise, Molehunt: The Secret Search for Traitors That Shattered the CIA (New York: Random House, 1992), 27, 181, 99; David E. Murphy, Sergei Kondrashev, and George Bailey, Battleground Berlin: CIA Vs. KGB in the Cold War (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), 240, 48, 486; Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (New York: Basic Books, 1991), 148, 9, 176–77. According to a 2011 CIA study, “Sasha” was “the only substantive CI lead” that Golitsyn provided to U.S. intelligence.
134. Benjamin B. Fischer, “Leon Theremin—CIA Nemesis,” Studies in Intelligence 46, no. 2: (2002): 29–39.
135. Waldemar Campbell, “Waldo in OSS,” typescript memoir, 28. Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University. Campbell served in the OSS with Karlow.
136. Ibid., 29
137. Ibid., 30
138. Anatoly Golitsyn, New Lies for Old (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1984) 49.
139. Ibid., 49.
140. Cave Brown, Treason in the Blood, 553.
141. Document obtained from CIA CREST Database, probably written in late 1983 or early 1984 (MORI DocID: 38369).
142. Wise, Molehunt, 96.
143. Mangold, Cold Warrior, 55–56.
144. Papers of Robert F. Kennedy, Attorney General Papers, 1961–1965, series 05, Desk Diaries, 1961–1964, box 146 (1962), John F. Kennedy Presidential Library.
145. Thomas, Robert Kennedy, 100–110.
146. Mangold, Cold Warrior, 88.
147. This and subsequent quotes on the exchange between Kisevalter and Golitsyn are in Wise, Molehunt, 21.
148. Hathaway and Smith, Richard Helms, 105.
149. David Robarge, “Moles, Defectors, and Deceptions: James Angleton and CIA Counterintelligence,” The Journal of Intelligence History 3, no. 2 (Winter 2003): 36.
150. Nosenko had “conclusively proven his bona fides,” Bagley wrote in a cable to Langley. “He has provided information of importance [and is] completely cooperative.” Quoted in Hart, CIA’s Russians, 72.
151. Mangold, Cold Warrior, 87.
152. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, “Fixation on Moles,” 44.
153. Edward Epstein, Deception (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989), 60.
154. Gittinger made these comments on camera in the Frontline program “The Spy Hunter,” produced by Jenny Clayton, which aired on May 14, 1991.
155. Robert Kennedy, Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 7.
156. Stewart Alsop and Charles Bartlett, “In Time of Crisis,” The Saturday Evening Post, December 8, 1962, 15–20.
157. Laurence Chang and Peter Kornbluh, eds., The Cuban Missile Crisis 1962: A National Security Archive Documents Reader, 2nd ed. (New York: New Press, 1998).
158. Author’s interview with Daniel Ellsberg, May 16, 2016. Ellsberg was a Pentagon consultant on Cuban issues during the October crisis.
159. Philip Bobbitt, Democracy and Deterrence (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1988), 7 Daniel Ellsberg suggests the numbers are 1,400 U.S. ICBMS and 192 T-95 Bears.
160. This and subsequent quotes of the interchange between General LeMay and JFK are in Robert Dallek, “JFK vs. the Military,” The Atlantic, November 2013.
161. Bayard Stockton, Flawed Patriot (Dulles, VA: Potomac Books, 2006), 141.
162. John Bartlow Martin, “First Oral History Interview with Robert F. Kennedy,” February 29 and March 1, 1964, 280, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library.
163. Stockton, Flawed Patriot, 141. “Everyone had expected something like this to happen one of those days but we were all professionals,” said Sam Halpern, assistant to Dick Helms. “We all knew when to keep our mouths shut. Bill was not embarrassed by his outburst.”
164. Evan Thomas, The Very Best Men: Four Who Dared: The Early Years of the CIA (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995), 291.
165. Justin Gleichauf, “Red Presence in Cuba: The Genesis of a Crisis,” Army, November 1979, 38.
166. Memo from James Angleton to Deputy Director (Plans), “Cuban Control and Action Capabilities,” May 23, 1963, JFK JCS RIF 202-10002-10039, JCS Central File, pages 2, 6; available at https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=184.
167. Mimi Beardsley, O
nce Upon a Secret (New York: Random House, 2012), 94.
168. Nikita Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, with an introduction, commentary, and notes by Edward Crankshaw, trans. and ed. Strobe Talbott (New York: Bantam, 1971), 551–52.
169. “Message from Chairman Khrushchev to President Kennedy,” October 28, 1962, in Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. 11, Cuban Missile Crisis and Aftermath (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996), document 62.
170. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., Robert Kennedy and His Times. (New York: Ballantine, 1978).
171. Steven L. Rearden, Council of War: A History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1942–1991 (Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press, 2012), 232.
172. Rearden, Council of War, 232–33.
173. Angleton and Murphy, American Cause, 40.
PART III: IMPUNITY
1. David Robarge, “The James Angleton Phenomenon: ‘Cunning Passages, Contrived Corridors’: Wandering in the Angletonian Wilderness,” Studies in Intelligence 53, no. 4 (2009).
2. Miles Copeland, The Game Player: Confessions of the CIA’s Original Political Operative (London: Arum Press, 1989), 212.
3. Macintyre, Spy Among Friends, 251.
4. Cave Brown, Treason in the Blood, 520.
5. Ibid., 551.
6. Macintyre, Spy Among Friends, 274.
7. Ibid., 301.
8. Ibid., 287.
9. Cave Brown, Treason in the Blood, 553–54.
10. Ibid., 551.
11. Mangold, Cold Warrior, 90.
12. Wright, Spycatcher, 456.
13. David Leigh, The Wilson Plot: How the Spycatchers and Their American Allies Tried to Overthrow the British Government (New York: Pantheon, 1988), 80–81.
14. Bruce Hoffman and Christian Ostermann, eds., Moles, Defectors, and Deceptions: James Angleton and His Influence on U.S. Counterintelligence (Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson International Center, 2012), publication of the proceedings of the joint conference held on March 29, 2012, 46.
15. “Operational Plans for Continuing Operations Against Cuba,” draft memorandum to the DCI from William Harvey, November 27, 1962, NARA, JFK CIA RIF 104-10103-10079, page 2.
16. Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, 575.
17. “Operational Plans for Continuing Operations Against Cuba,” 2–3.
18. Martin, Wilderness of Mirrors, 183.
19. The NORTHWOODS schemes are contained in “Northwoods,” a 197-page compilation of documents from the Joint Chiefs of Staff, discovered and made public by the Assassination Records Review Board in 1997. See NARA JFK JCS RIF 202-10002-10104.
20. Brig. Gen. Edwin Lansdale, “Memorandum for the Record, Meeting with the President,” March 16, 1962, U.S. Department of the Army, Califano Papers, NARA CIA JFK RIF 198-10004-10020.
21. “Cuban Control and Action Capabilities,” Memo from James Angleton to Deputy Director (Plans), May 23, 1963, page 1. NARA JFK JCS 202-10002-10039, JCS Central File. The memo has three parts, a sixteen-page section, “Cuban Control and Action Capabilities”; a six-page section, “Training of Subversive, Sabotage, and Espionage Agents in Cuba”; and a three-page section, “Communism in Cuba.”
22. Ibid., 6.
23. Ibid., 11.
24. Ibid.
25. MFF, Angleton Church Committee testimony, June 19, 1975, 28–30.
26. The next day, Papich called Harvey to remind him of the Bureau rule requiring him to report any known contacts between former FBI employees and criminal elements. He had no choice but to report his dinner with Rosselli to Hoover, he said.
Harvey, thinking fast, said he understood but just wanted to ask a favor. Could Papich inform him in advance if it appeared that the FBI director might call John McCone about the matter? Harvey helpfully explained that the CIA director should be “briefed on the matter before getting a call from Hoover.”
Papich agreed. So did Dick Helms. The FBI had a rule that meetings with organized crime figures had to be reported. The CIA had no such rule. Was he obliged to inform McCone that the chief of the Rome station had had dinner with a trusted source in Washington? No, Helms decided. There was no need to brief McCone, unless Hoover got involved.
Papich informed Hoover that Harvey had been seen with Rosselli. Hoover didn’t care and didn’t contact McCone. The director remained in the dark. See CIA Targets Fidel: CIA Inspector General’s Report on Plots to Assassinate Fidel Castro (New York: Ocean Press, 1996), 59.
27. Classified message from W. K. Harvey to Luxembourg, “ZRRIFLE QJWIN: PROJECT CONTRACT,” March 4, 1963, NARA CIA JFK RIF 1994.03.11.16:03:49:940005.
28. MFF, Angleton Church Committee testimony, June 19, 1975, 29.
29. Marks, Search for the “Manchurian Candidate,” 202–3.
30. Mangold, Cold Warrior, 56.
31. Riebling, Wedge, 136–37.
32. Joseph E. Persico Papers, box 1, “Angleton, James” folder, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University.
33. Daily Telegraph (London), July 12, 1963.
34. Wright, Spycatcher, 398–99.
35. “Appeal Linked to Profumo Case Likely to Add Details of Scandal,” New York Times, July 15, 1963.
36. David Robarge, John McCone as Director of Central Intelligence 1961–1965 (Washington, D.C.: Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 2005), 313.
37. Memo from Charles A. Bohrer, M.D. to Chief, SR Division, “DCI-AELADELE Tapes of 23 August and 4 September 1963, September 19, NARA CIA JFK RIF 104-10172-10403; available at https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=35166.
38. MFF, Angleton House Select Committee on Assassinations testimony, October 5, 1978, 50.
39. Fischer, “Leon Theremin—CIA Nemesis,” 38.
40. Ibid.
41. Robarge, “Moles, Defectors, and Deceptions,” 940.
42. MFF, testimony of James Angleton, June 19, 1975, Senate Select Committee on Government Organizations, 64–65, NARA JFK SSCSGO RIF 157-10014-10005.
43. Christopher Andrew, Defend the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5 (New York: Knopf, 2009), 509.
44. Andrew and Mitrokhin, Sword and the Shield, 446. Four French intelligence officers and one former head of department in the Sûreté Générale were active Soviet agents during the period from 1963 to 1966, according to extensive documentation provided by former KGB official Vasili Mitrokhin.
45. P. L. Thyraud de Vosjoli, Lamia (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970), 316–17.
46. The routing slips, initialed by CI staffers, are reproduced in Newman, Oswald and the CIA, 496, 497.
47. Paul Wallach, “Memorandum for the Record, re meeting with James Angleton on 10/3/75,” which is found in a collection of memoranda entitled “Oswald in New Orleans,” January 19, 1976, NARA JFK SSCIA RIF 157-10014-10120.
48. From James R. Hosty to FBI Internal Security, “Report on Oswald Subscribing to ‘The Worker’ and Drinking and Beating,” September 10, 1963, NARA JFK RIF 1993.06.1909:31:25:62000.
49. From James P. Hosty, Jr., to FBI Internal Security, “FBI Report on Oswald’s Arrests [sic] for Disturbing the Peace,” September 24, 1963, NARA CIA JFK RIF 1991.06.19.09:57:36:530000. The CIA routing slips on the September 10 and 24 FBI reports initialed by Roman are reproduced in Newman, Oswald and the CIA, 501–03.
50. Memorandum, from S. J. Papich to D. J. Brennan, “Fair Play for Cuba Committee,” September 18, 1963, NARA CIA JFK RIF 104-10310-10151.
51. “American Male Who Spoke Broken Russian…” cable dated October 8, 1963, JFK CIA RIF 104-10015-10304.
52. George Kalaris, Angleton’s successor as counterintelligence chief, reviewed Angleton’s JFK files in January 1975 and reported find
ing “several” cables from October 1963 “concerned with Oswald’s visit to Mexico City, as well as his visits to the Soviet and Cuban Embassies” (emphasis added). Those cables have never been made public and may have been destroyed. See Confidential memorandum from George J. Kalaris, chief, CI Staff, to executive assistant to the DDO, re Lee Harvey Oswald, September 14, 1975, NARA CIA JFK RIF 104-20051-10173.
53. The House Select Committee on Assassinations requested a definition of LCIMPROVE in “List of Names re Kennedy Assassination.” The CIA’s response is found on the next page, February 2, 1978, NARA JFK HSCA RIF 104-10061-10115.
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