Challenge for the Pacific: Guadalcanal: The Turning Point of the War

by Robert Leckie

  7. Halsey and Bryan, op. cit., p. 108.

  8. Tsuji, Masanobu, Singapore: The Japanese Version (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1960), p. 330.

  9. Ibid.

  10. Sherwood, Robert E., Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1950), p. 622.

  CHAPTER NINE

  1. Author’s recollection.

  2. Ibid.

  3. Butterfield, op. cit., p. 92.

  4. Author’s recollection.

  5. Ibid.

  6. McMillan, George, The Old Breed: A History of the First Marine Division in World War Two (Washington: Infantry Journal Press, 1949), p. 61.

  7. Few historians agree on the exact time that the Battle of the Tenaru began. Therefore, I have relied on my own recollection and those of other participants.

  8. McMillan, op. cit., p. 62.

  9. Vandegrift and Asprey, op. cit., p. 142.

  CHAPTER TEN

  1. Tanaka, Vice-Admiral Raizo, Japan’s Losing Struggle for Guadalcanal, Part I (United States Naval Institute Proceedings, July 1956), p. 690.

  2. Ibid.

  3. Griffith, op. cit., p. 90.

  4. Hara, op. cit., p. 109.

  5. Ibid.

  6. United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Interrogations of Japanese Officials (Washington: Naval Analysis Division, 1946), Vol. I, p. 31.

  CHAPTER ELEVEN

  1. Hara, op. cit., p. 119.

  2. Tanaka, op. cit., p. 694d.

  3. Griffith, op. cit., p. 93.

  4. Tanaka, op. cit., p. 696.

  5. Ibid, p. 697.

  CHAPTER TWELVE

  1. Sherrod, Robert, History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II (Washington: Combat Forces Press, 1952), p. 82.

  2. Vandegrift and Asprey, op. cit., p. 147.

  PART THREE: AT BAY

  CHAPTER THIRTEEN

  1. Vandegrift and Asprey, op. cit., p. 149.

  2. Ibid.

  3. Author’s recollection.

  4. Tregaskis, op. cit., p. 154.

  5. Hara, op. cit., p. 120.

  6. Sherwood, op. cit., p. 632.

  CHAPTER FOURTEEN

  1. Unsigned article by Marine Combat Correspondent under dateline Avu-Avu, Guadalcanal, Nov. 27, 1942. Article quotes natives in vicinity of Tasimboko. On file in folder marked “Guadalcanal, Miscellaneous” at R&R, Arlington, Va.

  2. Russell, Lord, of Liverpool, The Knights of Bushido: The Shocking History of Japanese War Atrocities (New York: Dutton, 1958), p. 269.

  3. Griffith, op. cit., p. 110.

  4. Ibid.

  5. Vandegrift and Asprey, op. cit., p. 151.

  6. Davis, op. cit., p. 118.

  7. Ibid, p. 119.

  8. Ibid, p. 120.

  9. Griffith, op. cit., p. 112.

  10. Ibid, p. 113.

  11. Vandegrift and Asprey, op. cit., p. 152.

  12. Ibid, pp. 152, 153.

  13. Ibid, p. 153.

  14. Ibid.

  15. Ibid.

  16. Griffith, op. cit., p. 115.

  17. Vandegrift and Asprey, op. cit., pp. 153, 154.

  18. Griffith, op. cit., pp. 116, 117.

  19. Ibid, p. 118.

  20. Undated and unsigned story filed by Marine Corps Combat Correspondent and included in “Guadalcanal, Miscellaneous” folder on file at R&R, Arlington, Va.

  21. Ibid, quoted in interview with “Lt. Col. Reeder.”

  22. Ibid.

  23. McMillan, op. cit., p. 78.

  24. Ibid.

  25. Griffith, op. cit., p. 119.

  26. Ibid.

  CHAPTER FIFTEEN

  1. Jitsuroku Taiheiyo Senso (Personal Records of the Pacific War). The Kawaguchi memoir: “Struggles of the Kawaguchi Detached Force.” I am deeply indebted to Brig. Gen. Griffith for having provided me with a translation of this source.

  2. Hara, op. cit., p. 120.

  3. Arnold, Gen. of the Army H. H., Global Mission (New York: Harper & Bros., 1949), p. 338.

  4. Ibid.

  5. Whyte, Capt. William H., Jr., Hyakutake Meets the Marines, Part I (Marine Corps Gazette, July 1945), p. 11. (Note: Captain Whyte was to become famous a decade later as author of The Organization Man.)

  6. Author’s conversations with pilots.

  7. Clemens, op. cit., p. 183.

  8. Hanson Baldwin, New York Times, Nov. 3, 1942.

  CHAPTER SIXTEEN

  1. Whyte, op. cit., p. 9.

  2. Sherrod, op. cit., p. 91, fn.

  3. Davis, op. cit., pp. 135, 136.

  4. Vandegrift and Asprey, op. cit., p. 169.

  5. Ibid, p. 170.

  6. Ibid.

  7. Ibid, p. 164.

  8. Ibid, pp. 171, 172.

  9. Griffith, op. cit., p. 141.

  PART FOUR: CRISIS

  CHAPTER SEVENTEEN

  1. Clear, op. cit., p. 20.

  2. Ibid.

  3. Clemens, op. cit., p. 193.

  4. Ibid.

  5. Pratt, Fletcher, The Marines’ War (New York: William Sloane Associates, 1948), p. 76.

  6. Ibid, pp. 76, 77.

  CHAPTER EIGHTEEN

  1. Quoted in full in Miller, John, Jr., Guadalcanal: The First Offensive (Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1949), as Appendix A, pp. 357, 358.

  2. Griffith, op. cit., p. 147.

  3. Ibid.

  4. Hara, op. cit., p. 137.

  CHAPTER NINETEEN

  1. Morison, Samuel Eliot, The Struggle for Guadalcanal, Vol. V, “History of the United States Naval Operations in World War II” (Boston: Little, Brown, 1959), p. 193.

  2. Author’s recollection.

  3. Leckie, op. cit., p. 82.

  4. Tanaka, Japan’s Losing Struggle for Guadalcanal, Part II (United States Naval Institute Proceedings, August 1956), p. 815.

  5. 67th Fighter Squadron History Mar.–Oct. 1942, quoted in Morison, op. cit., p. 175.

  6. Quoted in undated and unsigned Marine Combat Correspondent’s report filed at R&R, Arlington, Va.

  7. Morison, op. cit., p. 176.

  8. Sherrod, op. cit., p. 102.

  9. Griffith, op. cit., p. 157.

  CHAPTER TWENTY

  1. Leckie, op. cit., p. 92.

  2. Halsey and Bryan, op. cit., p. 109.

  CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE

  1. Monitored Japanese broadcasts, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

  2. Simmons, Walter, Joe Foss: Flying Marine (New York: Dutton, 1943), p. 66.

  3. Halsey and Bryan, op. cit., p. 117.

  CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO

  1. Hara, op. cit., p. 125.

  2. Ibid, p. 126.

  3. Ibid.

  4. Ibid, p. 127.

  5. Ibid.

  6. Seventeenth Army Operations, Office of the Chief of Military History (OCMH) File 8-51, AC 34.

  7. Author’s conversation with Puller.

  8. Leckie, op. cit., p. 99.

  9. Davis, op. cit., p. 155.

  10. Ibid.

  11. Davis, op. cit., p. 156.

  12. Ibid, p. 157.

  13. Ibid, pp. 158, 159.

  CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE

  1. Hara, op. cit., p. 127.

  2. Ibid.

  3. Leckie, Robert, Helmet for My Pillow (New York: Random House, 1957), p. 118.

  4. Sherwood, op. cit., pp. 624, 625.

  5. Seventeenth Army Operations.

  6. Whyte, Hyakutake Meets the Marines, Part II (Marine Corps Gazette, August 1945), p. 41.

  7. Hara, op. cit., p. 128.

  CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR

  1. Hara, op. cit., p. 128.

  2. Stafford, Cmdr. Edward P., The Big E: The Story of the U.S.S. Enterprise (New York: Random House, 1962), p. 165.

  3. Pratt, op. cit., p. 93.

  4. Whyte, op. cit., p. 42.

  PART FIVE: CRUX

  CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE

  1. Tanaka, op. cit., p. 818c.

  2. Leckie, op. cit., p. 119.

  3. Author’s recollection.

  4
. Hara, op. cit., p. 135.

  5. Clemens, op. cit., pp. 241, 242.

  6. Simmons, op. cit., p. 96.

  7. Arnold, op. cit., p. 351.

  8. Sims, Edward H., Greatest Fighter Missions of the Top Navy and Marine Aces of World War II (New York: Harper & Bros., 1962), p. 57.

  9. Simmons, op. cit., p. 102.

  10. Halsey and Bryan, op. cit., p. 123.

  11. Boyington, Gregory (“Pappy”), Baa Baa Black Sheep (New York: Putnam, 1958), p. 128.

  12. Leckie, Strong Men Armed, p. 119.

  13. Davis, op. cit., p. 166.

  14. Ibid.

  15. Halsey press interview on Guadalcanal, November 9, 1942.

  16. Ibid.

  17. Clemens, op. cit., p. 249.

  18. Vandegrift and Asprey, op. cit., p. 196.

  CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX

  1. Feldt, op. cit., p. 101.

  2. Hara, op. cit., p. 138.

  3. Ibid.

  4. Ibid.

  5. Ibid.

  6. Tanaka, op. cit., p. 821.

  7. Hara, op. cit., p. 140.

  8. Ibid, pp. 140, 141.

  9. Ibid, p. 141.

  10. Morison, op. cit., p. 242.

  11. Ibid.

  12. Author’s conversations with pilots.

  13. Tanaka, op. cit., p. 821.

  14. Morison, op. cit., p. 263.

  15. Morison, op. cit., pp. 272, 273.

  16. Ibid, p. 273.

  17. Ibid.

  18. Ibid.

  19. Stern, Michael, Into the Jaws of Death (New York: McBride, 1944), p. 120.

  20. Ibid.

  21. Ibid.

  22. Tanaka, op. cit., p. 824a.

  CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN

  1. New York Times, Wednesday, November 18, 1942.

  2. Halsey and Bryan, op. cit., p. 130.

  3. Hayashi, Saburo, with Coox, Alvin D., Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War (Quantico: The Marine Corps Association, 1959), p. 62.

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&nb
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  PRIMARY SOURCES

  Jitsuroku Taiheiyo Senso (Personal Records of the Pacific War). This work, as yet unpublished in English, includes the following seven memoirs, all bearing on Guadalcanal.

  Gadarukanaru: Guadalcanal, by Col. Masanobu Tsuji, member of the General Staff of the Guadalcanal Expeditionary Forces of the Japanese Army.

  Kawaguchi shitai no shito: Struggles of the Kawaguchi Detached Force, by Maj. Gen. Kiyotake Kawaguchi.

  Tokyo kyuko: Tokyo Express, by Lt. Senzo Kabashima: His diary of bringing supplies to Guadalcanal aboard destroyer Yudachi.

  Ue to shi no kiroku: Record of Hunger and Death, by Maj. Yasuhei Oneda: A personal account of Oneda’s ordeal with the 230th Battalion of the 38th Regiment.

  Ningen no genkai: Limit of Human Invulnerability, by Lt. Yasuo Obi, bearer of the colors of the 125th Infantry Regiment with the Kawaguchi Brigade.

  Gadarukanaru-to sakusen keikaku: Military Strategy for the Guadalcanal Campaign, by Col. Takushiro Hattori, Chief of the Operations Section of the Imperial Headquarters of the Japanese Army.

  Jigoku no mogura yuso: Mole Transportation in the Hell, by Cmdr. Teiji Yamaki, navigation officer of Submarine I-41: Description of attempts to supply the island by submarine.