The Lady and Her Monsters
Page 27
and opium, 109
and philosopher’s stone, 137, 138, 140–41
and reanimation, 96–97
and religion, 93, 95
turning base metals into gold, 98, 137, 138
and universal medicine, 139
Aldini, Giovanni, 55, 84
Essai théorique et expérimental sur le galvanisme, 58
and experiments, 8–9, 10, 51, 56–59, 94, 209
experiments on human cadavers, 57–59, 58, 62, 105
and galvanism experiments, 58, 59–62, 69, 80, 85–88, 105, 209, 278
and Lanzarini case, 60–62
in London, 65–66, 68–69
and melancholy madness, 60
and Royal Humane Society, 75–77
Alfieri, Vittorio, 162
anatomizations:
and body snatchers, see body snatching
and grave robbers, 70–72
and legislation, 233, 234–36, 276
and murder for corpses, 217–18, 233–34, 276
and natural philosophers, 44
Parisian method (hands-on with cadavers), 69
in private homes, 7
and resurrection men, 70–74, 235
see also dissection
Anatomy Act (1832), 233, 234–35, 276
animal electricity:
effect of opiates on, 5
and electrical storms, 8, 172
and galvanism, 4–8, 10, 37, 49–52, 172
apoplexy, 141
“Ariel’s Song” (The Tempest), 250
Arnold, Gottfried, 136
Atkins, John, 78
Azoth of the Red Lion, 98, 139
Baroent, Christian, 70
Baxter, Christina, 111
Baxter, Isabella (Booth), 111, 278–79, 284
Baxter, William Thomas, 111
Beccaria, Giambattista, 50, 54
Beddoes, Thomas, 35
Bennett, Betty T., The Selected Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, 153
Berengario da Carpi, Jacopo, Commentaria, 44
Bethell, Mr. (tutor), 104–5
Bishop, Eliza, 166
Bishop, John, 233–34, 233, 276
Blenkinsop, Mrs. (midwife), 19
Blessington, Lady, 156, 177
blood:
for curative purposes, 139
iron in, 7
body snatching:
Anatomy Act vs., 233, 234–35, 276
attempts to prevent, 207–9, 276–78
in Bologna, 46–47
in Edinburgh, 173
and Frankenstein (fict.), 277, 286, 287
and grave robbers, 70–72
murder for corpses, 217–18, 233–34, 276
in New York, 275–76
and resurrection men, 69, 70–74, 75, 235
Boerhaave, Herman, 140
Boerhaave syndrome, 140
Bolivar (boat), 254, 256
Bologna, 3–4, 8
body snatching in, 46–47
carnival in, 41, 43
crime rate in, 42
dissections in, 44, 45
punishments in, 42–43
Bonney, John Augustus, 34
Booth, David, 111
Booth, Isabella Baxter, 111, 278–79, 284
Booth, Margaret Baxter, 111
Boyle, Robert, The Sceptical Chymist, 139
Bride of Frankenstein (film), 287
Brockbank, William, 49
Brookes, Joshua, 74
Brooks, Mel, 287
Bürger, Gottfried, Lenore, 14
Burke, William, 217–31
dissection of body of, 231
and grave robbing, 219
hanging of, 228–30, 229
and Hare, see Burke and Hare
Hare’s testimony against, 227–28
Burke and Hare:
and Anatomy Act, 233, 235, 276
copycat crimes, 233–34, 233, 235, 276, 277
Daft Jamie as victim of, 224–25, 225
Docherty as final victim of, 225–26, 226
Donald as first victim of, 218, 219, 220
evidence lacking against, 226–27
and Knox, 219–20, 222–24, 227, 232
literature influenced by, 232
locating victims for, 221–22, 227
and Paterson, 223–24
procedure used by (“Burking”), 221, 226
prostitutes as victims of, 221, 223–24
and second murder, 220–21
total murders by, 222
trial of, 227–28
Byron, Augusta Ada (daughter), 158–59
Byron, George Gordon, Lord:
on abstinence, 157
and Annabella (wife), 156, 158–59
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, 123
and Claire, 154, 159–61, 165, 169–70, 183–84, 185, 191, 244, 245
death of, 264–66
and ghost story competition, 176–79, 183
in Greece, 263–64
health of, 262
in Italy, 251–53, 256, 262
melancholy of, 262–64
and Percy’s death, 257–59, 262–63
physical traits of, 155, 157, 251
and Polidori, 161, 163–65, 169, 175–76, 184–85, 187–89, 190
psychotic traits of, 156–57, 159, 263
reputation of, 154–56, 160, 162, 166, 168, 170–71, 185
sexual appetites of, 163, 164, 168–70
in Switzerland, 168–80
tall tales told by, 157–58
travels in Europe, 133, 160–61
and “The Vampyre,” 188–89
Byron, Capt. John “Mad Jack,” 154, 156
Caldani, Floriano, 50
Carlisle, Anthony, 10, 21, 34, 52, 278
Carminati, Bassiano, 51, 52
Cavallo, Tiberius, 105–6
A Complete Treatise on Electricity, 106
Chatterton, H., 102
Clairmont, Allegra (daughter), 240, 242, 244
Clairmont, Charles Goules, 30
Clairmont, Jane (later Claire):
and Byron, 154, 159–61, 165, 169–70, 183–84, 185, 191, 244, 245
child born to, 196
childhood of, 13, 15, 30
dramatic flair of, 119–20
and Fanny’s death, 193–94
and Frankenstein, 202
with Mary and Percy, 121, 125–34, 149–51, 161, 163–64, 165, 167, 191, 239–42
melancholy of, 154
nightmares of, 150
and Percy, 149–51, 153, 154, 183, 242–44, 245
and Percy’s death, 260
pregnancy of, 160, 183–84, 191
and Silsbee, 244–46
in Switzerland, 169–70, 172
as young adult, 113, 114
Clairmont, Jane (mother):
difficult personality of, 30–31
and Fanny, 165, 166, 193
and Godwin, 29–31
and Mary, 13, 30, 113
and Shelley, 127
Clydesdale, Matthew, 209–16
hanging of, 212
murder committed by, 205–6
postmortem experiments on body of, 214–16
trial of, 206–7
Cogan, Thomas, 76
Colburn, Henry, 188
Colcroft “Jack Ketch,” 83
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor:
Christabel, 177–79
and Davy, 35, 36
and Godwin, 13–14
influence of, 17, 177
opium used by, 14
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, 11, 13–17, 112, 240
Cook, Captain James, 14
Cooke, Alistair, 273–76, 277
Cooke, Susan, 274–76
Corkindale, Doctor, 211
Crouch, Ben, 71–72, 71, 74
Cruncher and son, 71
Daniels, Sarah, 78
D’Arblay, Madame, 106
Darwin, Erasmus, 9, 10
Davy, Humphry, 9, 10, 14, 200
and alchemy, 98
> electrical experiments of, 17, 52, 94, 172, 278
experiment with nitrous oxide, 35–36
at Pneumatic Institution, 35
reputation of, 36
scientific lectures by, 36–37
death, violent vs. spontaneous, 97
demonology, 94
Devil’s Bridge, Lake Zurich, 91–92
Dickens, Charles, at Newgate Prison, 79–82
Dippel, Johann Konrad, 136–41
Dippel’s Oil, 139–40
dissections:
as anatomizations, see anatomizations
and Day of Judgment, 84
by Galen (on animals), 46
by Galvani, 41–42, 43–44
of hanged cadavers, 32, 43, 82, 83, 84
of legally obtained cadavers, 235–36
by Mondino, 44–45
procedure of, 45
public viewing of, 46, 48, 49
as theatrical performances, 49, 76
by Vesalius, 45, 47, 48
Docherty, Marjory Campbell, 225–26, 226
Don Juan (boat), 250, 253, 254–56, 259–60
Dowden, Edward, 104, 112, 113, 115, 118, 119, 150
Dracula (Stoker), 135, 189
dragons, slaying, 135–36
Drury Lane Theatre, 159
Einstein, Albert, 143
electrical storms:
and animal electricity, 8, 172
in Bologna, 3–4, 8
and Byron’s death, 264
in English Channel, 127, 128
Franklin’s studies of, 6, 17, 66, 172
lightning studies, 54
in London, 17–18
powers of, 9, 103, 172
as sign of God’s wrath, 18
in Switzerland, 168, 171–72, 177, 178
electric batteries, 52, 57, 60, 88
electricity:
experiments in, 9, 17, 93, 94, 103–5, 106, 172, 214–16, 278
and Frankenstein concept, 94
and Leyden jar, 140
for medical purposes, 66, 105
and phantasmagoria, 151
and sexuality, 67–68
Empyreumatical Oyle, 139
England, gothic horror tales in, 14
epilepsy, cure for, 139
Eyriès, Jean-Baptiste Benoît, 177
Fantasmagoria (Eyriès, transl.), 177
Florescu, Radu, 134
Foggi, Elise, 240–43
Foggi, Paolo, 240–43
Ford, Doctor (priest), 84
Fordyce, Doctor, 20
Fortune of War pub, 74, 75, 234
Foster, George, 77–79, 82, 84–85, 86–88, 209, 278
Foster, Jane, 77–79, 85
Foster, Louisa, 77–79, 85
France:
cadavers obtained in, 69
laws against galvanic experiments, 209
Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (M. Shelley), 10, 63, 180
adaptations and rewriting of, 266–69, 285–87
authorship of, 198, 201–2, 266
critical reviews of, 197–98, 201–2, 284–85
and ghost story competition, 163, 176–80, 269
inspiration for, 10, 16, 17, 94–96, 100, 129, 130–31, 134, 172, 174, 179, 269
natural world depicted in, 129
publication of, 197, 207, 239, 266
success of, 266, 285
writing of, 176–80, 183, 191, 197, 239
Frankenstein (film), 285–86
Frankenstein, Sir George, 135–36
Frankenstein, Victor (fict.), 10, 88, 180
and alchemy, 92, 94, 95–96, 97–98, 100
and body snatching, 277, 286, 287
name of, 134
and natural philosophy, 199–200, 201
parallels in real life, 101, 136
revised versions of, 268–69
in stage productions, 267, 285
Frankenstein family, 134–36
Frankenstein Meets the Wolf-Man (film), 287
Frankenstein Unbound (Aldiss), 271
Franklin, Benjamin, 6, 17, 66, 172
French Revolution, 93
frogs, experimentation on, 3, 4–6, 5, 8, 9, 37, 50–51, 52, 55, 94, 105
Fuseli, Henry, 22, 27
Fuseli, Sophia, 22
Galeazzi, Domenico Gusmano, 7
Galen, Claudius, 45–46, 48
Galvani, Barbara, 7
Galvani, Camillo, 3–4
Galvani, Domenico, 7
Galvani, Lucia, 6, 7, 55
Galvani, Luigi, 41
and animal electricity, 4–8, 10, 37, 49–52, 172
apparatus used by, 6, 50, 65, 76
“Carnival Lessons,” 39
Commentaries, 8, 50, 51, 54
death of, 55
De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari commentarius, 50, 56
dissections performed by, 41–42, 43–44
early years of, 7
experimentation on frogs, 4–6, 5, 8, 50–51, 52, 55, 94
and Volta, 52, 54–55
galvanism, 9, 105–7
experiments on frogs, 37, 106
experiments on human cadavers, 37, 58, 59, 62, 65, 69, 80, 85–88, 105, 209, 214–15
experiments on live humans, 59–62, 85–86, 106
laws against experiments in, 209
Mary Shelley influenced by, 172–73, 177, 278
Garnerin brothers, 151
gases, experiments with, 35–36
gastrointestinal system, studies of, 7
George III, king of England, 106
Germany, gothic horror tales of, 14
Gespensterbuch, Das (German ghost tales), 177
Ghost of Frankenstein, The (film), 287
Gibbet of Montfaucon, 47
Giddy, Davies, 35
Gillies, Lord, 206, 207
Gisborne, Maria, 30, 193
Godwin, Fanny, see Imlay, Fanny
Godwin, Jane Clairmont (William’s second wife), see Clairmont, Jane (mother)
Godwin, Mary:
birth of, 17, 18–20
childhood of, 13, 15, 29
in Dundee, 111–12
and her father, 30, 110–11, 112–13, 120, 126–27, 148, 154, 248, 261
and her mother, 28, 112–13, 154
and her stepmother, 13, 30, 113
marriage of, see Shelley, Mary Godwin
pregnancy of, 149
waking dreams of, 110, 174
Godwin, Philipp Huel, 196
Godwin, William:
begging letters written by, 196
and Coleridge, 13–14
correspondence with prisoners, 34
and Fanny’s death, 192–93
and Frankenstein, 201, 202
and in-laws, 166
intellectual gatherings of, 13, 14, 16, 277–78
and Jane (second wife), 29–31
and Mary (daughter), 30, 110–11, 112–13, 120, 126–27, 148, 151, 154, 196, 248, 251, 260, 261
and Mary (first wife), 21–22, 24–28, 31
Memoirs of the Author of “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman,” 26–27
and Percy, 101–2, 119–20, 126, 196
and Percy’s death, 261
St. Leon, 29–30, 198
and wife Mary’s death in childbirth, 14, 18–21
Godwin, William (son), 31
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, Faust, 94
Going, Sarah, 79
golem tales, 99–100
Graham, James, 66–68, 68
and Celestial Bed, 67
and Temple of Health, 66–67
grave robbers, 70–72, 173–74
Gray, Ann, 225–26
Greece, Byron in, 263–64
Grimm, brothers, 100
Grimm, Jacob, Journal for Hermits, 100
Grove, Charles, 173, 278
Guiccioli, Countess, 170
Guy de Chauliac, 44
Haggerty, Owen, 33
Haller’s principle, 62
hallucinogenics, experimentation
with, 36
hangings, public, 31–34
and anatomization/dissection, 32, 43, 69, 82, 83, 207, 211, 229, 231
announcements of, 32, 42
in Edinburgh, 228–30, 229
and galvanism, 86–88
at Newgate Prison, 80, 81, 234
at Old Bailey, 32, 74
in Paris, 47
proceedings of, 83
repeated, 84
souvenirs of, 230, 231
and violent mobs, 31, 33
Hare, Margaret, 217, 218, 228, 232
Hare, William, 217–28
and Burke, see Burke and Hare
as immune from prosecution, 227, 228
in later years, 232
testimony of, 227–28
Harnett, Bill, 72
Harnett, Jack, 72
Hawes, William, 76
heart, restarting, 62, 86
Heine, Heinrich, “The Loreley,” 132
Helmholtz, Hermann, 4
Heseler, Baldasar, 48
Hobart, Jane, 77
Hobhouse, John, 185
Hogg, Jane Williams, 249, 254, 260–61, 284
Hogg, Thomas Jefferson:
and Harriet, 116
and Jane, 260–61
and Mary, 152–53, 261
and Percy, 103–5, 107–8, 114–15, 116, 117, 153
Shelley at Oxford, 103
Hohenheim, Elsa von, 91, 92
Hohenheim, Philippus, see Paracelsus
Hohenheim, Wilhelm, 92
Holcroft, Thomas, 26
Holloway, John, 33
homunculus, 92, 96–97
Hookman, Thomas Jr., 194
Hoppners, 242
horror tales, 14, 16
human bodies:
anatomizations of, see anatomizations; dissections
and body snatchers, see body snatching
buried alive, 76
dismembered and sold, 73
experiments on, 9, 37, 57–59, 58, 60–62, 65, 69, 85–88, 105, 209, 214–15
and homunculus, 92, 96–97
reawakening the dead, 93–94
salted and pickled, 73
humors, 46
Hunt, Leigh, 257, 258, 259, 261
Imlay, Fanny, 151, 154, 171
birth of, 22–23, 27
childhood of, 18, 29
and melancholy, 167
as outsider, 113, 165–67, 192
suicide of, 191–94
Imlay, Gilbert, 22–23, 24, 27
Indonesia:
Ring of Fire, 146
Tambora eruption in, 145–48
Industrial Revolution, 93
iron, in the blood, 7
Italy:
Byron in, 251–53, 256, 262
Mary in, 239–40, 246–48, 279–84
Jeffrey, James, 207, 212, 215–16
Jewish tradition, golem in, 99–100
Karloff, Boris, 285
Ketch, Jack (Colcroft), 83
Kincaid, Douglas, 184
Knox, Robert, 217, 220
and Burke and Hare, 219–20, 222–24, 227, 232
in later years, 232
and Paterson, 223–24
Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor and James, 197
Lamb, Lady Caroline, 155
Lamb, Charles, 14, 30
Lancet, The, 235