The Arab_Israeli Conflict

by Jonathan Rynhold

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  Anonymous “Views of Islam Remain Sharply Divided.” Pew Research Religion and Public Life Project, September 9, 2004, www.pewforum.org/2004/09/09/views-of-islam-remain-sharply-divided/.

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  Anonymous “‘Trends 2005’ by the Pew Research Center.” Pew Charitable Trusts, January 25, 2005. www.pewtrusts.org/our_work_report_detail.aspx?id=23066.

  Anonymous “American Evangelicals and Israel.” Pew Research Religion and Public Life Project, April, 15, 2005. www.pewforum.org/2005/04/15/american-evangelicals-and-israel/.

  Anonymous “Beyond Red vs. Blue: Republicans Divided About Role of Government – Democrats by Social and Personal Values.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, May 10, 2005. www.people-press.org/2005/05/10/beyond-red-vs-blue/.

  Anonymous “America’s Image Slips, But Allies Share U.S. Concerns over Iran, Hamas: No Global Warming Alarm in the U.S., China.” Pew Research Global Attitudes Project, June 13, 2006. http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=252.

  Anonymous “American Attitudes Hold Steady in Face of Foreign Crises: Strong Support for Israel – No Surge in Terror Concerns or Boost for Bush.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, August 17, 2006, http://people-press.org/2006/08/17/american-attitudes-hold-steady-in-face-of-foreign-crises/.

  Anonymous “Diminished Public Appetite for Military Force and Mideast Oil: Five Years Later…” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, September 6, 2006. http://people-press.org/report/288/diminished-public-appetite-for-military-force-and-mideast-oil.

  Anonymous “Trends in Political Values and Core Attitudes: 1987–2007: Political Landscape More Favorable to Democrats.” Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, March 22, 2007. www.people-press.org/2007/03/22/trends-in-political-values-and-core-attitudes-1987-2007/.

  Anonymous “Muslim Americans: Middle Class and Mostly Mainstream.” Pew Research Center, May 22, 2007. http://pewresearch.org/pubs/483/muslim-americans.

  Anonymous “Public Expresses Mixed Views of Islam, Mormonism.” Pew Research Religion and Public Life Project, September 25, 2007. http://pewforum.org/Public-Expresses-Mixed-Views-of-Islam-Mormonism.aspx.

  Anonymous “Religious Landscape Survey: Religious Affiliation: Diverse and Dynamic,” Pew Research Religion & Public Life Project, February 2008. http://religions.pewforum.org/reports#.

  Anonymous “U.S. Religious Landscape Survey: Religious Beliefs and Practices.” Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, June 2008. http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/report2-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf.

  Anonymous “More See America’s Loss of Global Respect as Major Problem: Majority of Republicans Say U.S. is Less Respected.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, June 16, 2008. http://people-press.org/2008/06/16/more-see-americas-loss-of-global-respect-as-major-problem/.

  Anonymous “Unfavorable Views of Jews and Muslims on the Increase in Europe: Ethnocentric Attitudes Are on the Rise in Europe.” Pew Research Global Attitudes Project, September 17, 2008. www.pewglobal.org/2008/09/17/unfavorable-views-of-jews-and-muslims-on-the-increase-in-europe/.

  Anonymous “Modest Backing For Israel in Gaza Crisis: No Desire for Greater U.S. Role in Resolving Conflict.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, January 13, 2009. www.people-press.org/2009/01/13/modest-backing-for-israel-in-gaza-crisis/.

  Anonymous “Ideological Gaps over Israel on Both Sides of Atlantic.” Pew Research Global Attitudes Project, January 29, 2009. http://pewresearch.org/pubs/1097/america-europe-ideological-gaps-over-israel.

  Anonymous “Independents Take Center Stage in Obama Era: Trends in Politica
l Values and Core Attitudes: 1987–2009.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, May 21, 2009. http://people-press.org/2009/05/21/independents-take-center-stage-in-obama-era/.

  Anonymous “America’s Place in the World 2009: An Investigation of Public and Leadership Opinion about International Affairs.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, December 2009. http://people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/569.pdf.

  Anonymous “U.S. Seen as Less Important, China as More Powerful: Isolationist Sentiment Surges to Four-Decade High.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, December 3, 2009. http://people-press.org/2009/12/03/us-seen-as-less-important-china-as-more-powerful/.

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  Anonymous “Continuing Divide in Views of Islam and Violence.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, March 9, 2011. www.people-press.org/2011/03/09/continuing-divide-in-views-of-islam-and-violence/.

  Anonymous “Goal of Libyan Operation Less Clear to Public: Top Middle East Priority: Preventing Terrorism.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, April 5, 2011. www.people-press.org/2011/04/05/goal-of-libyan-operation-less-clear-to-public/.

  Anonymous “Beyond Red vs. Blue: The Political Typology.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, May 4, 2011. www.people-press.org/2011/05/04/beyond-red-vs-blue-the-political-typology/.

  Anonymous “Views of Middle East Unchanged by Recent Events: Public Remains Wary of Global Engagement.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, June 10, 2011. www.people-press.org/2011/06/10/views-of-middle-east-unchanged-by-recent-events/.

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  Anonymous “Strong on Defense and Israel, Tough on China: Tea Party and Foreign Policy.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, October 7, 2011. www.people-press.org/2011/10/07/strong-on-defense-and-israel-tough-on-china/?src=prc-headline.

  Anonymous “Common Concerns about Islamic Extremism: Muslim-Western Tensions Persist.” Pew Research Center Global Attitudes Project, July 21, 2011. www.pewglobal.org/files/2011/07/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Muslim-Western-Relations-FINAL-FOR-PRINT-July-21-2011.pdf.

  Anonymous “The Generation Gap and the 2012 Election.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, November 3, 2011. www.people-press.org/2011/11/03/the-generation-gap-and-the-2012-election-3/?src=prc-headline.

  Anonymous “The American–Western European Values Gap: American Exceptionalism Subsides.” Pew Research Global Attitudes Project, November 17, 2011 (updated February 29, 2012). www.pewglobal.org/2011/11/17/the-american-western-european-values-gap/.

  Anonymous “Trends in Party Identification of Religious Groups: By Religious Affiliation.” Pew Research Religion and Political Life Project, February 2, 2012. www.pewforum.org/Politics-and-Elections/Trends-in-Party-Identification-of-Religious-Groups-affiliation.aspx.

  Anonymous “Public Takes Strong Stance against Iran’s Nuclear Program.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, February 15, 2012. www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/02-15-12%20Foreign%20Policy%20release.pdf.

  Anonymous “Little Support for U.S. Intervention in Syrian Conflict.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, March 15, 2012. www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/03-15-12%20Foreign%20Policy%20Release.pdf.

  Anonymous “Partisan Polarization Surges in Bush, Obama Years: Trends in American Values: 1987–2012.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, June 4, 2012. www.people-press.org/2012/06/04/partisan-polarization-surges-in-bush-obama-years/.

  Anonymous “‘Nones’ on the Rise.” Pew Research Religion and Public Life Project, October 9, 2012. www.pewforum.org/2012/10/09/nones-on-the-rise/.

  Anonymous “After Boston, Little Change in Views of Islam and Violence: 45% say Muslim Americans Face ‘a Lot’ of Discrimination.” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, May 7, 2013. www.people-press.org/2013/05/07/after-boston-little-change-in-views-of-islam-and-violence/.

  Anonymous “Despite Their Wide Differences, Many Israelis and Palestinians Want Bigger Role for Obama in Resolving Conflict: Survey Report.” Pew Research Global Research Project, May 9, 2013. www.pewglobal.org/2013/05/09/despite-their-wide-differences-many-israelis-and-palestinians-want-bigger-role-for-obama-in-resolving-conflict/.

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  Anonymous “Millennials in Adulthood: Millennials Less Conservative Than Older Generations.” Pew Research Social and Demographic Trends, March 5, 2014. www.pewsocialtrends.org/2014/03/07/millennials-in-adulthood/sdt-next-america-03-07-2014-1-06/.

  Interviews with Author

  Elliot Abrams, National Security Council Senior Director for Democracy, Human Rights, and International Operations, 2001–2002; National Security Council Senior Director for Near East and North African Affairs, 2002–2005; Deputy National Security Advisor for Global Democracy, Strategy 2005–2008.

  Carmiel Arbit, Assistant Director of Policy and Government Affairs, AIPAC.

  Yossi Beilin, Deputy Foreign Minister of Israel, 1992–1995; Minister of Justice, 1999–2001.

  Roger Bennett, Vice President, Bronfman Philanthropies.

  Matt Brooks, Executive Director, Republican Jewish Coalition.

  Shoshanna Bryen, Director of the Jewish Policy Center; former Director for Security Policy at Jewish Institute for National Security.

  Steve Bayme, Director of Contemporary Jewish Life Dept., American Jewish Committee.

  Peter Beinart, former editor of the New Republic.

  Doug Bloomfield, former Legislative Director, AIPAC.

  Jeremy Ben-Ami, Executive Director, J Street.

  Eliot Cohen, Counselor to the United States Department of State, 2007–2009; former member of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee.

  Nathan Diament, Executive Director of the Orthodox Union Advocacy Center.

  Ambassador Stuart Eizenstadt, Chief Domestic Policy Advisor to President Carter; Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, 1999–2001.

  Ethan Felson, Vice President and General Council, Jewish Council for Public Affairs.

  Rabbi Steve Gutow, President and CEO, Jewish Council for Public Affairs.

  Dan Fleshler, Board Member of Americans for Peace Now; Member of the J Street Advisory Council.

  Marvin Feuer, Director of Policy and Government Affairs, AIPAC.

  Lara Friedman, Director of Policy and Government Relations, Americans for Peace Now.

  Brian Katulis, Senior Fellow, Center for American Progress.

  Aaron Keyak, Interim Director, National Jewish Democratic Council, 2013.

  Eugene Korn, Director of the Institute for Jewish-Christian Understanding and Cooperation; former Director of Interfaith Affairs for the Anti-Defamation League.

  Rachel Lerner, Senior Vice President for Community Relations.

  Ann Lewis, former Senior Advisor to Hillary Clinton; former Director of Communications and Counselor to President Bill Clinton.

  Prof. Gerald McDermott, Professor of Religion, Roanoke College, Virginia; Teaching Pastor at St. John Lutheran Church.

  David Makovsky, Director of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy Project on the Middle East Peace Process; Senior Advisor to the Special Middle East Envoy, U.S. State Department, 2013.

  Dan Meryashin, Executive Vice President, B’nai B’rith.

  Aaron Miller, former Senior Advisor for Arab-Israeli Negotiations and Deputy Special Middle East Coordinator for Arab-Israeli Negotiations in
the U.S. State Department.

  Noam Neusner, White House Liaison to the Jewish Community during the George W. Bush Administration.

  Michael Oren, Israeli Ambassador to the United States, 2009–2013.

  Emanuele Ottolenghi, Senior Fellow at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies.

  Danielle Pletka, Vice President for Foreign and Defense Policy Studies, American Enterprise Institute; former Senior Professional Staff Member for Near East and South Asia with the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 1992–2002.

  Martin Raffel, Senior Vice President, Jewish Council for Public Affairs.

  Steve Rosen, Director of Foreign Policy Issues, AIPAC, 1982–2005.

  Dennis Ross, Director of Policy Planning in the State Department under President George H. W. Bush; Special Middle East Coordinator under President Bill Clinton; Special Advisor for the Persian Gulf and Southwest Asia to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

  David Saperstein, Director of the Union for Reform Judaism’s Religious Action Center.

  Roberta Schoffman, Representative of the Israel Policy Forum in Israel.

  Zvika Krieger, former editor at the New Republic; Foreign Policy Correspondent at the Atlantic; former Senior Vice President of the S. Daniel Abraham Center for Middle East Peace.

  Tevi Troy, White House Liaison to the Jewish Community during the George W. Bush Administration.

  Matthew Yglesias, liberal blogger at Talking Points Memo, the Atlantic, Center for American Progress.

  Tamara Wittes, Director of the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs, 2009–2012.

  Index

  Abbas, Mahmoud [Aka Abu Mazen] 63, 68, 74, 75, 83, 111, 162, 163

  Abrams, Eliot 40, 46, 55

  Ackerman, Gary 84

  Ackerman, Spencer 86

  Adams, John 11

  Adversos Judeos 120

  Advisory Committee on Social Witness Policy 126

  Agha, Hussein 75