The Third Reich at War

by Richard J. Evans

  Eber, Elk

  Eberl, Irmfried

  Ebermannstadt

  Economics, Reich Ministry of

  economy

  Edelstein, Jakob

  Edelweiss Pirates (gang)

  Eden, Anthony

  Eder, river

  education see schools; universities

  Education, Reich Ministry of

  Edward, King

  Egk, Werner

  Eglfing-Haar asylum

  Egypt

  Eichmann, Adolf

  deportation of Jews from incorporated territories

  and development of genocidal policy

  at Wannsee Conference (1942)

  implementation of ‘final solution’

  establishment of Auschwitz

  and Jakob Edelstein

  on total numbers of Jews killed

  deportation of Jews from Western Europe

  deportation of Jews from Hungary

  escape to Latin America

  trial and execution

  Eicke, Theodor

  Eighth Army

  Eimann, Kurt

  Einsiedel, Heinrich von

  Eisenhower, Dwight.

  El Alamein

  Elbe, river

  Elbeuf

  Elbrus, Mount

  elections

  Eli’ˇ, Alois

  Elizabeth, Tsarina of Russia

  Elser, Georg

  emigration

  of Jews

  Jews banned from

  Emmendingen

  Emperor of Atlantis, The (opera)

  encephalitis

  Endre, L’szlo

  Engel, Gerhard

  English Channel

  Entailed Farms

  epilepsy

  Erfurt

  Erika S. (diarist)

  Eritrea

  Erlangen

  Essen

  Estonia

  Eternal Jew, The (film)

  Ethiopia

  ethnic Germans

  Self-Protection militia

  population transfer programmes

  expelled from Eastern Europe

  eugenics

  ‘euthanasia action’

  evacuation, evacuees

  Evangelical Church

  Evers, Hannelore

  exchange rates

  extermination camps see also Auschwitz; Belzec; Chelmno; Sobibor; Treblinka

  fascism

  in Norway

  in Spain

  in Britain

  in Italy

  in Romania

  in Croatia

  in Bulgaria

  in Vichy France

  in Hungary

  see also anti-fascism

  Faulhaber, Cardinal Michael

  Fegelein, Hermann

  Felber, Hans

  Feuchtwanger, Lion

  Fieseler (aircraft company)

  Filipovi’, Father

  films, cinema

  ‘final solution’

  centrality to history of Third Reich at war

  development of

  public knowledge of see also Jews

  Finance Ministry, Prussian

  Finance Ministry, Reich

  Finland

  war with Soviet Union (’Winter War’, 1940)

  and German invasion of Soviet Union

  and extermination of Jews

  deportation of Jews from

  Jewish population

  Red Army attacks (June 1944)

  Finn, Mishka

  First World War

  formation of Polish state after

  League of Nations plebiscites after

  exchange of minority populations between Turkey and Greece after

  ‘stab-in-the-back’ myth

  German naval failings

  burning of Louvain university library

  trench warfare

  Battle of Verdun

  Armistice

  collapse of German home front

  Battle of the Marne

  Jewish veterans

  reparations

  loans

  see also Peace Settlement (1919); Versailles, Treaty of

  Fischer, Fritz

  Fischer, Horst

  flak (ground-to-air fire)

  Flanders

  Flensburg

  Florstedt, Hermann

  Flossenb̈rg concentration camp

  flying bombs

  Foch, Marshal Ferdinand

  Food Ministry, Reich

  food shortages see also nutrition; rationing

  Ford, Henry

  Fordon

  Foreign Office, German

  and planned removal of Jews from Reich

  receives reports of Task Forces’ massacres

  and extermination of Jews

  and opposition to Nazis

  Forster, Albert

  Fort(Kovno)

  Fossoli

  Four-Year Plan, Office of the

  France

  and German invasion of Poland

  Hitler’s ‘peace offer’ to

  declaration of war on Germany

  rearmament

  German invasion

  Dunkirk evacuation

  German advance south

  descent into chaos

  signing of Armistice

  partition

  sinking of ships at Mers-el-K’bir

  deportation of Jews from

  resistance

  empire

  sequestration of equipment and materials

  exports to Germany

  German control of industry

  ‘occupation costs’

  and the ‘New Order’

  aircraft production

  rationing

  French civilian workers in Germany

  political prisoners in concentration camps

  administration of occupied zone

  antisemitism

  anti-Jewish measures

  Free French movement

  rescue of Jews

  confiscation of artworks

  Allied Normandy landings

  postwar use of German military technological expertise

  see also Vichy France

  Franciscans

  Franco, Francisco

  Franconia

  Frank, Anne

  Frank, Hans

  General Governor of occupied Poland

  Reich Commissioner for Justice

  and Germanization programmes

  suppression of Polish culture and education

  undermined by Kr̈ger

  corruption

  and food shortages

  and mass deportations

  establishment of Warsaw ghetto

  and Hess’s mission to Britain

  and extermination of Jews

  crudity of language

  and Hans Pfitzner

  and looting of artworks

  trial and execution

  Frank, Karl Hermann

  Frankfurt

  Frankfurt Newspaper (Frankfurter Zeitung)

  Frankfurt School of sociology

  Frankfurt University

  Frederick the Great, King of Prussia

  Free Corps

  Freemasons

  Freiburg University

  Freisler, Roland

  French Foreign Legion

  Freud, Sigmund

  Frick, Wilhelm

  Fritsche, Hans

  Fromm, Friedrich

  Fulda Bishops’ Conference

  Funk, Walther

  Furtẅngler, Wilhelm

  Gab’ik, Jozef

  Gable, Clark

  Galen, Clemens August von

  Galen, Helene von

  Galicia

  Galland, Adolf

  Gamelin, Maurice

  gangs

  Gardelegen

  Garsden (Gargzdai)

  gas chambers

  mobile

  used for killing mental patients

  construction

  technology redeployed f
or extermination camps in east

  at Auschwitz

  at Belzec

  dismantled

  gas warfare

  Gatow

  Gaulle, Charles de

  GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

  Gdynia (Gdingen)

  Gebhardt, Karl

  Gelsenkirchen

  General Government (occupied Polish territories)

  as proving-ground for Nazi racial policies

  labour conscription

  Germanization programmes

  ethnic German population transfer programmes

  bribery and corruption in

  black markets

  disintegration of Polish society

  Jewish population

  deportation of Jews into

  establishment of ghettos

  Gypsies deported to

  extermination of Jews

  General Plan for the East

  Geneva Convention (1929)

  Genghis Khan

  Genshagen

  George, Stefan

  Gerhard M. (stormtrooper)

  German Academy

  German Christians

  German Economic Enterprise (Deutscher Wirtschaftsbetrieb)

  German Ethnic List

  German General Paper

  ‘German greeting’

  ‘German Housing Aid’

  German Labour Front

  German language

  German Race, Reich Commissioner for the Strengthening of

  German Research Community

  German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (1939)

  ‘German Weekly Survey’ (Deutscher Wochenschau)

  Germanization programmes

  Germany

  Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (1939)

  popular support for invasion of Poland

  labour shortages

  food shortages

  anti-Jewish measures

  rationing

  murder of handicapped

  hatred for British

  Allied bombing raids

  popular reaction to invasion of Soviet Union

  deportation of Jews from

  remnants of Jewish community organizations destroyed

  deployment of foreign workers

  war economy

  women in workforce

  fragmentation of government

  public knowledge of Jewish genocide

  ‘total war’ labour-saving measures

  popular reaction to Hitler’s death and German defeat

  postwar division

  denazification

  postwar cultural life

  reunification

  see also East Germany; Weimar Republic; West Germany

  Germany Must Perish (Kaufman)

  Gerron, Kurt

  Gersdorff, Rudolf-Christoph von

  Gerstein, Kurt

  Gestapo (Geheime Staatspolizei; Secret State Police)

  and creation of Reich Security Head Office

  atrocities in Poland

  rise in Jewish cases at beginning of war

  and ‘euthanasia action’ programme

  arrest of priests

  and assassination attempt on Hitler (November 1939)

  in North Africa

  and deportation of Jews

  dissolution of Jewish Culture League

  searches of Jews’ Houses

  arrest of perpetrators of anti-Soviet

  exhibition bomb attack (May 1942)

  classification of Soviet prisoners of war

  and escapes from foreign labour camps

  arrests for ‘Communism and Marxism’

  in France

  in Holland

  torture of British airmen

  arrest of homosexuals

  and denunciations for ‘defeatist statements’

  raids on dance-halls

  arrest of Hungarian Jews

  and July 1944 bomb plot

  execution of looters

  mass arrests and executions in final days of Reich

  ghettos

  in Poland

  in Romania

  in occupied east

  Gibraltar

  Giese, Hans-Albert

  Giessen

  Glasgow

  Gleiwitz

  Glina

  Globocnik, Odilo

  Glorious (aircraft-carrier)

  Gl̈cks, Richard

  Gneisenau (battleship)

  Goebbels, Magda

  Goebbels, Paul Joseph

  estimates numbers of ethnic Germans killed in Poland

  on Jewish labour schemes

  and ‘euthanasia action’ programme

  and assassination attempt on Hitler (November 1939)

  and German advance through Belgium

  and Hess’s mission to Britain

  and invasion of Soviet Union

  diaries

  winter clothes for troops campaign

  on ‘reign of terror’ of Croats

  propaganda against ‘Jewish world conspiracy’

  and deportation of Jews

  visits Vilna ghetto

  and development of genocidal policy

  and bomb attack on anti-Soviet exhibition (May 1942)

  steps up antisemitic propaganda

  and the ‘New Order’

  regarded as ‘socialist’

  and trial of Herschel Grynszpan

  and Battle of Stalingrad (1942-43)

  ‘total war’ initiative

  and bombing raids on German cities

  fails to persuade Hitler to visit bombed cities

  and Hitler’s increasing withdrawal from public affairs

  ignores Churches’ complaints

  propaganda against Red Army atrocities

  purpose of wartime propaganda

  gains complete control over propaganda

  restrictions on theatre

  feature films

  use of radio broadcasts for propaganda

  and Richard Strauss

  and war artists

  and closure of universities

  and July 1944 bomb plot

  and bombing raids on Britain

  and threat of German annihilation

  refuses to admit defeat

  last days in the bunker

  suicide

  in Hitler’s Political Testament

  Fritzsche tried as substitute

  see also Propaganda Ministry

  Goerdeler, Carl

  gold

  dental fillings

  G̈ring, Hermann

  and occupation of Poland

  doubts about war with Britain and France

  boasts of air force’s capabilities

  at signing of French Armistice

  and Hess’s mission to Britain

  on aim of war against Soviet Union

  at ‘Wolf’s Lair’

  and Hitler’s plans for occupied Soviet Union

  in charge of Jewish policy

  and development of genocidal policy

  crudity of language

  and implementation of ‘final solution’

  and Fritz Todt

  and Speer

  downgrading of authority over economy

  and armaments production

  and the ‘New Order’

  and labour mobilization schemes

  and Battle of Stalingrad (1942-43)

  morphine addiction

  popular anger at

  declining influence

  anti-Christian policies

  art collecting

  rivalry with Goebbels

  and Hitler’s refusal to surrender

  leaves Berlin

  house arrest

  imprisonment and suicide

  G̈ring, Matthias

  Gort, John, Lord

  Gotha

  Gothic lettering

  G̈ttingen

  Gottschalk, Joachim

  GPU (anti-Bolshevik film)

  Graf, Willi

  Grafeneck
/>
  Grandi, Dino

  graphite

  Grawitz, Ernst-Robert

  Graz

  Great German Art Exhibition

  ‘Great German Reich’ (Grossdeutsches Reich)

  Great Love, The (film)

  Greece

  exchange of minority populations with Turkey

  Italian invasion

  internees in North African labour camps

  German invasion and occupation

  Bulgarian annexation of territory

  deportation of Jews from

  administration during occupation

  resistance

  Ancestral Heritage expeditions

  withdrawal of German forces

  Greifswald

  Greiser, Arthur

  Gr̈ber, Conrad

  Grojanowski, Jakow

  Groscotta

  Groscurth, Helmuth

  Gross-Rosen concentration camp

  Grozny

  Grynszpan, Herschel

  Guderian, Heinz

  Guernica

  Guertler, William

  Gulags

  Gumbinnen

  G̈nsche, Otto

  G̈rtner, Franz

  Gustav, King of Sweden

  Gutzeit, Kurt

  Gypsies

  Nazi policy towards

  deportation of

  ‘mixed-race’ Gypsies

  massacres of

  in Croatia

  in Serbia

  in Austria

  in Auschwitz

  in’d’ ghetto

  barred from public air-raid shelters

  racial assessment programme

  extermination of

  black triangle badge

  medical experimentation on

  Haakon, King of Norway

  Haberstock, Karl

  H’cha, Emil

  Hadamar

  Haeften, Hans-Bernd von

  Haeften, Werner von

  Ḧfner, August

  Hague, The

  Hague Convention (1907)

  Hahn, Otto

  Halder, Franz

  Chief of Army General Staff

  and mass executions in Poland

  opposition to Hitler

  and Manstein

  and planned invasion of Britain

  and invasion of Soviet Union

  and treatment of Russian prisoners of war

  concern at progress of war in Soviet Union

  and concerns over arms production

  dismissed

  supports crusade against Soviet Union

  imprisonment

  Halifax, Edward, Lord

  Halle

  Hamburg

  embarkation centres

  deportation of Jews from

  foreign workers

  shipyards

  hotels and restaurants

  bombing of

  provision of air-raid shelters

  dance-halls

  resistance groups

  Hamburg State Archive

  Hamilton, Duke of

  Hamm

  Hammerstein-Equord, Kurt von

  handicapped

  emptying of asylums

  plans to eliminate ‘degenerates’

  sterilization programmes

  ‘euthanasia action’ programme

  killing centres

  murdered in occupied east

  Hanke, Karl

  Hannur

  Hanover

  Hanssen, Kurt-Walter

  Harlan, Veit

  Harnack, Arvid

  Harnack, Falk