by Dan Jones
John II, king of France, duke of Normandy: accession, 491; Aiguillon siege, 473, 474; Brétigny treaty (1360), 499; capture at Poitiers, 497; Company of the Star, 488; Crécy battle, 474, 477; death, 511; Poitiers battle, 495–7; prisoner of the English, 498; ransom, 498, 499, 500
John XXII, Pope, 413, 435
John, son of Edward I, 286, 289, 313
John of Brittany, 332
John of Eltham, earl of Cornwall, 395, 404, 446, 450, 451
John Fitzgeoffrey, 259
John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster: achievements, 577; Aquitaine campaigns, 518, 519; birth, 452; Bruges treaty, 520, 522; character, 531; childhood, 480; claim to Castilian throne, 544; councillor, 557; death, 577–8; duchy of Aquitaine, 557, 568; duchy of Lancaster, 506–7, 508; Garter, 500; marriages, 508, 512, 544; Najera battle, 513; parliamentary role, 517, 521–2, 526, 568; physician’s death, 537; regency question, 531; relationship with Arundel, 565, 568; relationship with nephew Richard II, 542–3, 544, 545–6, 557, 572; Richard II’s coronation, 529; rumoured ambitions, 527, 531; rumoured plots against, 566, 572; Savoy Palace, 511, 534; Scottish role, 508; son, 533, 537, 552, 568, 569, 572, 577; supporters, 572
John of Hainault, 425
John de Lacy, 206
John of Marmoutier, 11, 25
John of Salisbury, 54, 56, 73
John de Vescy, 301
Jopin, a Jew, 319–20
Jordan Fantosme, 43
Joseph of Arimathea, 486
Karl von Luxemburg, Emperor, 488
Katherine, daughter of Henry III, 263
Kenilworth castle: capture (1322), 399; Edward II’s imprisonment, 418–19, 420, 427; Montfortian base, 279, 284, 285–6; royalist attack (1265), 279; siege and capture (1266), 285–7
Kent, earl of, see Edmund of Woodstock
King’s Langley, 387–8, 468, 542, 578, 591, 595
Knighton, Henry, 483–4, 488, 547, 552, 553, 556
Knolles, Sir Robert, 518, 536, 538, 539
Knyvet, Sir John, 520
La Ferté, conference and capture of castle (1189), 107
La Marche, count of, 74, 158–9
La Roche–Derrien, battle (1346), 477
La Rochelle: John’s forces, 178, 179, 206, 207, 208; siege and surrender (1224), 225–6
Lancaster, duchy of, 557, 572, 577–8
Lancaster, dukes of, see Henry Grosmont, John of Gaunt
Lancaster, earls of, see Edmund, Henry, Henry Grosmont, Thomas
Lanercost chronicler, 460
Langland, William, 504, 601
Langton, Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, 188, 205, 210, 235
Langton, Walter, 351, 358, 360
Lateran Council, Second (1139), 17
Latimer, Lord, 522, 523
Latin language, 45, 262, 363, 442, 505, 600
Laudabiliter, papal bull, 53, 599
law(s): Assize of Arms (1181), 98–9; Assize of Clarendon (1166), 96–7; Assize of Northampton (1176), 96–7; canon law, 66, 67–8; Charter of the Forest, 227–8, 230, 265, 286, 344, 346; Charter of Liberties, 9, 210; civil law, 97–8; Confirmation of the Charters (1297), 346; Constitutions of Clarendon (1164), 66, 69–70, 71, 77, 80; John’s court, 181, 218; land law, 97–8; Magna Carta, see Magna Carta; Marcher, 307; novel disseisin, 97–8; Ordinances (1311), see Ordinances; Provisions of Oxford (1258), 261–2, 265, 271–2, 295; Provisions of Westminster (1259), 263; royal council, 98; Statute of Acton Burnell (1283), 315; Statute of Gloucester (1275), 304–5, 315; Statute of Labourers (1351), 493–4, 535; Statute of Marlborough (1267), 287–8; Statute of Merchants (1285), 315; Statute of Mortmain (1279), 304–5, 315; Statute of Pleading (1362), 504–5, 600–1; Statute of Purveyance (1362), 504; Statute of Rhuddlan (1284), 317; Statute of Treason (1352), 551; Statute of Wales (1284), 314; Statute of Westminster I (1275), 304–5, 315; Statute of Westminster II (1285), 315; Statute of Winchester (1285), 315–16, 538; Statute of York (1322), 403; Statutes of Stamford (1309), 367; sumptuary statutes, 510–11; Welsh, 307
Le Goulet, treaty (1200), 155–7, 159
Le Mans: conference (1182), 102; fall (1189), 107; John’s forces, 160; reception of John, 151
Leake, treaty of the (1318), 393
Leeds castle, 398
Legge, John, 537
Leicester, earldom, 185, 239, 242
Leinster, 79–80
Leland, John, 304
Leopold, duke of Austria, 122, 131
Les Andelys, 143–4, 155, 155
Lewes, battle (1264), 271–5, 276
Lewes, Mise of (1264), 275
Leybourne, Roger, 276, 285
Life of Edward II, The: on Bannockburn defeat, 385; on birth of Edward III, 433; on capture of Gaveston, 375–6; on Edward II’s character, 358; on Edward II’s reign, 380, 405–6; on Gaveston, 359, 361; on imprisonment of great men, 355; on Isabella in France, 410, 411; on Lancaster’s fate, 400–1; on manhunt for Gaveston, 374; on parliamentary complaints, 368, 369; on Scottish campaign, 383
Limoges, sack (1370), 518–19, 529
Limoges, viscount of, 145
Lincoln, bishops of, 126, 415, 420, 437
Lincoln, Edmund de Lacy, earl of, 245
Lincoln, Henry de Lacy, earl of, 341, 347, 363, 365, 368, 370–1
Lincoln, Jewish community, 320
Lincoln, Thomas, earl of, see Thomas, earl of Lancaster Lincoln castle: siege and battle (1141), 17; siege and battle (1217), 221–2, 597
Lionel of Antwerp, duke of Clarence: betrothal, 480; birth, 443; childhood, 480; death, 515; descendants, 578, 592; Garter order, 500; in Ireland, 507, 508, 515; marriages, 507, 515; title, 507
Liverpool, established (1207), 600
Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (Llywelyn the Great), prince of Gwynedd, 195, 225, 233, 243, 299
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (Llywelyn the Last), prince of Gwynedd: alliance with de Montfort, 278, 299; betrothal and marriage, 300, 306; Cross of Gneth, 489; death, 308; Edward I’s campaign against (1277), 301–3; Edward I’s campaign against (1282), 307–8; homage to Edward I, 303; legal disputes, 307; peace terms (1267), 287, 299–300; raids and invasions, 300; rebellion, 259, 277
Loches, castle, 95, 174, 178
Lochindorb castle, 447
London: defence plans, 543; description (1170s), 47–8; draft treaties of, 497, 498–9; Edward I’s arrival (1274), 293–4; gates barred against Longchamp, 126; Henry III’s marriage, 238, 241; Jewish community, 191; Louis welcomed, 215; Matilda chased out by citizens, 18; Peasants’ Revolt, 533–9; rebellion against John (1215), 211–12; revolt against Edward II, 413–14; Stephen acclaimed king, 14; support for de Montfort, 272, 273–4, 284
Loudon, castle, 52, 83, 95
Louis VI (the Fat), king of France, 4, 8, 28
Louis VII, king of France: accession, 28; alliance with Eustace, 37; alliance with Geoffrey Plantagenet, 51; annulment of marriage to Eleanor, 29, 30; birth of son Philip, 73–4; character, 28, 87; daughter’s betrothal, 53, 59; daughter’s marriage, 82; death, 100; defeat by Henry, 91, 93; on Henry’s energy, 47; Henry’s homage for Normandy, 25, 52; Ivry non-aggression pact (1177), 93; marriage to Eleanor, 26, 28–9; Montlouis peace conference (1174), 91; Montmirail peace conference (1169), 75–7; relationship with Becket, 70, 74, 77–8, 95; relationship with Henry II, 24, 31, 73–4, 76, 93; relationship with Henry’s sons, 83, 85–6; Toulouse campaigns, 55–7; visit to England, 95; warfare, 72, 86, 87, 91
Louis VIII, king of France: accession, 225; Anjou campaign against John, 207; childhood, 142; death, 230; descendants, 371; father’s plans for, 203; invasion of England, 215, 217, 220–3; marriage, 159; return to France, 223, 597
Louis IX, king of France: accession, 230; court, 246; crusading, 254, 288–9, 290, 291; death, 290; finances, 250, 251; Henry III’s homage to, 263–4, 453; marriage, 237; Montjoie crosses, 327; piety, 236, 244, 263; Poitou campaign, 243; territories, 265
Louis X, king of France, 379, 389
Louis, king of Navarre, 379
Louis, king of Sicily, 488
Loui
s of Male, count of Flanders, 508
Louth, earl of, 395
Luke de Tany, 308
Lusignan, Alice de, 252
Lusignan, Geoffrey de, brother of Hugh X, 160–1
Lusignan, Geoffrey de, son of Hugh X, 252–3
Lusignan, Guy de, 110, 118, 122, 127, 128
Lusignan, Guy de, son of Hugh X, 252–3
Lusignan, Hugh X de, 158, 159, 160–1, 206, 252
Lusignan family: barons’ confrontation with Henry III over, 258–61; captured at Mirebeau, 160–1, 163; Edward I’s attitude to, 273; expulsion, 261; favourites of Henry III, 252–3, 257, 258; John’s treatment of, 158–9; peace with John, 206; release and rebellion, 163, 165
Lyons, Richard, 522, 523
Maccabaeus, Judas, 442, 589
Macduff of Fife, 328
Madog ap Llywelyn, 332–3
Maelgwyn ap Rhys, 333
Maes Moydog, battle (1295), 333–4
Magna Carta: Despenser’s conduct, 418; Edward II’s conduct, 368; Edward III’s conduct, 429, 466; Henry III’s approach, 233–5, 254, 261, 286; papal annulment, 215; Pecham’s demands, 305; reissued, 217–18, 227–8, 265, 289, 344, 346, 594; Richard II’s conduct, 575, 586, 591; Runnymede agreement, 213, 217; status, 217–18, 228–9, 594; terms, 213–15, 232
Magnus Maximus, Roman emperor, 312–13
Maine: barons, 151; Breton–French attack, 154; castles, 95; French invasion, 108; Henry II’s control of, 31, 51, 470; Henry III’s renunciation of, 264; John’s losses, 165, 169, 174; Plantagenet sovereignty, 498; Richard’s inheritance, 109; Richard’s rebellion, 108
Malcolm IV, king of Scotland, 55, 86
Malmesbury, siege and capture (1153), 32–3
Maltravers, Sir John, 427
Manny, Sir Walter, 488, 491
Map, Walter, 46, 60
Marcher lords: invasion of Wales (1282), 307; Lewes battle, 273; opposition to de Montfort, 278; opposition to Edward II, 395, 396–7, 402; relationship with Edward I, 273, 275, 276, 277; relationship with Llywelyn, 300
Margaret, daughter of count of Flanders, 508–9
Margaret, daughter of Edward I, wife of duke of Brabant, 293, 313, 362
Margaret, daughter of Edward III, 480, 505
Margaret, Maid of Norway, 324–6, 328
Margaret of Brotherton, duchess of Norfolk, 569
Margaret de Clare, 360, 373
Margaret of France, wife of Edward I, 331–2, 349, 361, 381
Margaret of France, wife of Henry the Young King, 53–4, 59, 82, 88, 102
Margaret of Provence, 237
Margoth, transvestite spy, 279
Marie, countess of Champagne, 29, 31
Marie of France, 159
Marshal, Gilbert, earl of Pembroke, 240
Marshal, John, 414
Marshal, Richard, 231, 233
Marshal, William, earl of Pembroke: biographer, 112, 148, 216; career, 224; Château Gaillard rescue attempt, 168; death, 224–5, 232; on destruction of French fleet, 204; exile in Ireland, 193; guardian to Henry III, 220–1, 531; on John’s character, 161–3, 168, 177–8; on John’s losses, 163–4, 165; Lincoln victory, 221–2, 597; quarrel with John, 177–8, 193, 200; quoted, 171; reputation, 101; on Richard’s campaign in Normandy, 139, 141, 144; on Richard’s treatment of John, 140; submission to John, 193–4; tutor to Henry the Young King, 101, 103; views on Richard’s successor, 148–50, 152; Welsh role, 191
Marshal, William the younger, 211, 239
Mary, daughter of Edward I, 313
Mary, daughter of Edward III, 480, 505
Matilda, countess of Boulogne, wife of Stephen of Blois, 14, 15, 18, 40
Matilda, countess of Perche, 4, 6–7
Matilda, daughter of Fulk V of Anjou, wife of William the Aetheling, 4
Matilda, daughter of Henry II, wife of Henry the Lion, 49, 74, 94, 102, 144
Matilda, Empress: advice and mediation, 72; appeal to Rome, 17; Becket controversy, 63–4; capture of Stephen, 17, 18; character, 18; claim to Norman border castles, 15–16; death, 72–3, 84; Devizes court, 19; disinherited by Stephen, 14, 16; escape from Oxford siege, 18–19; family conference in Rouen, 52; flight from London, 18; government, 20; heir to English throne and duchy of Normandy, 10–11, 14; invasion of England, 17; Lady of the English, 18; marriage to Geoffrey Plantagenet, 11–12; marriage to Holy Roman Emperor, 10; retirement to Bec abbey, 20–1, 22, 63, 72; sons, 12, 15, 18, 20, 23–4, 25; supporters, 17, 19; war with Stephen, 17–20, 22, 212
Matilda of Scotland, wife of Henry I, 3, 9, 10
Matthew, count of Boulogne, 86
Matthew Paris: on currency, 316; on de Montfort’s trial, 249; on Edward I, 282; on famine, 259; on Henry III, 256; on Henry III’s wedding, 238; on Oxford parliament, 261; on relic of Christ’s blood, 246, 247; on Westminster, 517
Maud, wife of Richard, earl of Chester, 4
Maudelyn, Richard, 581
Melrose chronicler, 175
Melusine, daughter of Satan, 12
Mercadier, mercenary captain, 152
mercenaries: Brabanter, 87, 88, 91; companies of discharged, 500, 511–12; Dutch, 412; expulsion of, 39, 50; Flemish, 20, 50, 88; Genoese, 474; German, 412; Hainaulter, 425, 445; Henry II’s forces, 23, 33, 34, 87, 88, 91; John’s forces, 160, 164, 182, 199; Mercadier, 152; Welsh, 91, 301
Merlin, prophecies of, 111, 442
Middleton, Sir Gilbert, 391
Miles of Gloucester, 17
Milly, castle, 141
Mirebeau, castle, 83, 158–61, 163
Model Parliament, 335
Molyneaux, Sir Thomas, 552
Mongols, 291, 322
Montagu, William, 390, 435–6
Montagu, William (son of above), see Salisbury, earl of
Montagu, William (son of above), see Salisbury, 2nd earl of
Montbazon castle, 95
Montfort, see de Montfort
Montgomery, treaty (1267), 287, 299–300
Montlouis, peace (1174), 91–2
Montmirail, peace conference (1169), 75–7
Montrichard, castle, 95
Moray, earl of, 476
Morgan ap Maredudd, 333
Mortimer, Edmund, 3rd earl of March, 529
Mortimer, Edmund, great–grandson of Lionel of Antwerp, 592
Mortimer, Edmund, son of Roger, 436–7
Mortimer, Geoffrey, 436–7
Mortimer, Sir Roger of Chirk: civil war (1321), 394, 397, 398; death, 423; Edward II’s coronation, 363; lands confiscated, 404, 423; prisoner in Tower, 407; sentenced to life imprisonment, 403
Mortimer, Sir Roger of Wigmore (d.1282), 276, 278, 280, 300, 397
Mortimer, Roger of Wigmore (grandson of above), earl of March: arrest, 436–7; Arthuriana, 443; civil war, 394, 397; death, 438, 551; Edward II’s death, 427, 438, 591; Edward’s coup against, 437–8, 440, 450, 454, 566; escape from Tower, 407–8; execution of Edmund, earl of Kent, 430–1; finances, 429; in France, 408–9; Gower dispute, 396–7; in Hainault, 413; imprisonment in Tower, 398, 403; interrogation of Edward III, 435; invasion of England, 412–15; regime, 428–9, 454, 468, 516, 527; relationship with Edward II, 418, 419; relationship with Isabella, 411, 412–15; removal of Edward II, 420; restoration of lands and titles, 423; Scottish campaign, 425, 445; sons knighted, 422; surrender, 398; trial, 437–8; unpopularity, 430
Mortimer, Roger (grandson of above), 2nd earl of March, 472, 485
Mortimer, Roger, 4th earl of March, 578
Mowbray, John de, 396, 402
Mowbray, Thomas, earl of Nottingham, duke of Norfolk: appeal of treason against Appellants, 567; Appellant revolt, 552, 555; banishment, 574; Bolingbroke dispute, 571–2, 576; death, 577; murder of Gloucester, 568–9, 572; trial by battle, 571, 572–4
Murimuth, Adam, 396, 427, 486
Najera, battle (1367), 513–14, 529
Nantes: captured by John (1214), 206; county of, 52, 53
Neville, Alexander, archbishop of York, 552, 554
Neville, Hugh, 182
Neville, John, of Hornby, 436, 437
Neville, Lord, 522, 523
Neville, Ralph, 476
Neville, Ralph, earl of Westmorland, 569–70, 579
Neville’s Cross, battle (1346), 476
Newcastle–upon–Tyne: Balliol’s homage to Edward, 447; castle, 95; muster of troops (1327), 425; Scottish attack, 87
Nicholas III, Pope, 305
Nicholas of Wisbech, 392–3
Nigel de Luvetot, 184
Nine Worthies, 442
Nonancourt, meeting (1189), 113
Norfolk, duke of, see Mowbray
Norfolk, earls of, see Bigod, Thomas of Brotherton
Norham: conference (1292), 327; Scottish assault, 424; treaty (1209), 194, 197
Normandy: English invasion (1346), 469–70, 477; estates in, 34, 201; Geoffrey’s campaigns, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23–4, 139; Henry I’s government, 10; Henry II’s control of, 470; Henry II’s defence of, 51–2; Henry II’s homage to Louis VII, 25, 52, 57, 156, 263; Henry II’s will, 99; Henry the Young King’s inheritance, 83; Henry the Young King’s position, 101; Henry III’s renunciation of, 264; John’s expedition (1199), 154; John’s expedition (1205), 175–8; John’s investiture as duke, 151–2; John’s position, 163, 167–9; loss of (1205), 174, 177, 186, 201, 217, 470, 596; Montmirail peace, 76; Philip II’s assaults, 133, 139–40, 167–8, 469; Philip II’s possession of, 174; Plantagenet patrimony, 31, 74, 149, 250; Plantagenet sovereignty, 498; relationship with Anjou, 8, 12; Richard I’s campaigns, 140–1; shipping war (1292–3), 330
Northampton, William Bohun, earl of: arrested for debt, 461; Brittany campaign, 471; career, 451; Crécy battle (1346), 474; French campaign (1346), 472; Garter order, 488; Winchelsea sea battle, 492
Nottingham: castle, 95, 435–7; discovery of plot against John, 198–9
