by Dan Jones
Stephen of Rouen, 54
Stewart, Robert, 446, 447, 470
Stirling Bridge, battle (1297), 345, 346
Stratford, John, archbishop of Canterbury, 458, 463, 465–7, 468
Stratford, Robert, bishop of Chichester, chancellor, 464, 465
Strongbow (Richard FitzGilbert de Clare), 79–80
Sudbury, Simon of, archbishop of Canterbury, 527, 528, 529, 532, 533, 536–7
Suffolk, Michael de la Pole, earl of: Appellant revolt, 552, 554; escape overseas, 554; relationship with Richard II, 544, 550; removal demanded by parliament, 546, 548; role in Richard II’s household, 542; title, 545
Suffolk, Robert Ufford, earl of, 436, 450, 457
Surrey, duke of, see Holland, Thomas
Surrey, John de Warenne, earl of, 339, 340, 345
Surrey, John de Warenne, earl of (grandson of above): Gaveston’s capture and death, 374–5, 377; Gaveston’s return, 368; opposition to Edward II, 365; Ordinances policy, 369; Scottish campaign issue, 383, 386; Stratford mediation, 467; support for Edward II, 398, 400, 403
Swynford, Katherine, 568
Swynford, Sir Thomas, 591
Sybil, queen of Jerusalem, 110
Tancarville, count of, 490
Tancred II, king of Sicily, 255
taxation: avoidance, 305; clerical, 254, 256, 404; crusading tax, 254, 289, 322; customs duties, 342, 346; Edward I’s policies, 317, 323, 324, 342–4, 346; Edward II’s policies, 368, 404; Edward III’s policies, 461–2, 465, 467, 468, 477, 520; export taxes, 477; expulsion of Jews, 323; hearth taxes, 512; Henry III’s policies, 227–8, 232, 243, 251–2, 254, 260; on Jews, 320; John’s policies, 183, 184, 205–6, 214; for military campaigns, 228, 232, 243, 251–2, 404, 520, 531; on movables, 183, 227–8, 323, 344, 468; papal taxation of English clergy, 520; Peasants’
Revolt, 532, 534–5; poll taxes, 532, 534–5; Richard II’s policies, 546, 586; Richard I’s ransom, 133; right to grant taxes, 593; Saladin tithe, 113, 190; scutage, 205–6, 210; ‘sheriff’s aid’, 67; Welsh revolt, 332–3; wool tax, 468
Templar knights, 99, 113, 119, 224, 331, 380
Templar of Tyre, the, 292
Tewkesbury abbey, 259
Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, 34, 38, 45, 60, 63
Theobald, count of Blois, brother of Stephen, 15
Theobald V, count of Blois, 29, 31, 86
Theobald IV of Champagne, 242
Thomas, cog, 457, 461, 490
Thomas, earl of Lancaster: ancestry, 358, 371; capture and imprisonment, 400, 403; character, 371–2; civil war, 398–400; death, 400–1, 402, 416, 417, 430, 551, 597; earldoms, 371; Edward II’s coronation, 363, 364; Edward II’s view of, 381, 382; Gaveston’s capture and death, 375–8, 390, 401; government role, 389, 390; lands distributed by king, 403–4; lands inherited by son, 508; nicknamed by Gaveston, 368; opposition to Edward II, 365, 397–8; Ordainer, 372, 373, 390, 414; pardoned by Edward II, 382, 572; reform programme undone, 402; relationship with Edward II, 387–8, 391–2, 393, 395; reputation, 596; reversal of treason sentence, 423; Scottish campaign issue, 383, 386; widow, 405
Thomas of Brotherton, earl of Norfolk: birth, 349; earldom, 381, 450; opposition to Mortimer, 430; Scottish campaign (1333), 446; supplanted by Gaveston, 361; support for Edward II, 398; support for Edward III, 415; support for Isabella and Mortimer, 415
Thomas of Burton, 460
Thomas of Savoy, count of Flanders, 240, 242
Thomas of Woodstock, earl of Buckingham, duke of Gloucester: Appellant, 552–4, 565, 566; arrest and imprisonment, 565–7, 590; birth, 480, 500; death, 568–9, 571, 572, 573; lands and castles, 578; marriage, 512; mother’s death, 516; pardon revoked, 568; Peasants’ Revolt, 536; regency, 500; relationship with nephew Richard II, 543, 547, 552–4, 564–5; removal from council, 557; status, 505, 508; titles, 536, 545
Thorne, William, 512–13
Toulouse: siege (1159), 54–8, 597; unrest, 106, 107
Tour de Nesle scandal, 409
Touraine: barons, 151; Breton–French attack, 154; castles, 95; Henry II’s control of, 31, 51, 470; Henry the Young King’s gifts, 86; John’s grants of castles, 140; John’s losses, 165, 169, 174, 178; Plantagenet sovereignty, 498; Richard’s inheritance, 109
tournaments: deaths, 104; Edward I, 273, 282, 288, 293; Edward II, 358; Edward III, 440, 443, 449, 462, 466, 479–80, 485–6; Henry the Young King, 82, 101; King’s Langley, 387; Mortimer’s role, 428–9; pretext for muster of forces, 374; ‘Round Tables’, 298
Tours, fall (1189), 108
Tower of London: Appellants, 553; construction, 212; Edward II’s flight, 413, 414; Edward III’s arrival, 463–4, 465, 467; executions, 568; Mortimer’s escape, 407–8; Peasants’ Revolt, 533, 534, 536–7, 579, 583; prisoners, 339, 340, 398, 403, 407, 565; Richard II’s imprisonment, 583–5; royal treasury, 404, 465; traitors’ heads, 309
treasury, royal: at Chinon, 151; Henry I’s reforms, 9–10; Henry III’s finances, 244; John’s finances, 187, 195; Richard I’s finances, 138; Richard II’s finances, 541; seized by Stephen, 14; at Tower of London, 404, 465
Tresilian, Sir Robert, 550, 552, 554–5
True Cross: captured by Saladin, 110, 121, 129; fragments of, 233, 236, 264, 489
Trussel, Sir William, 416, 417, 418, 421
Turberville, Thomas, 334
Turpington, Sir Hugh, 436–7
Tyler, Wat, 532, 533, 536–9, 583, 595
Ufford, Robert, see Suffolk
Ullford, Andrew, 482–3
Ulster, earldom of, 507
Urban V, Pope, 509
Urban VI, Pope, 541
Valois, count of, 362, 364
Vaudreuil, 167
Vere, see de Vere
Vermandois, count of, 28
Verneuil, siege (1173), 86–7
Veurne, battle (1297), 345
Vexin, the: Château Gaillard, 143, 155; dispute between Henry II and Philip II, 105–6; dowry of Margaret of France, 53–4, 59; French occupation, 140; French raids from, 159; Gaillon siege, 143; Gisors castle, 140, 144; Le Goulet treaty (1200), 155–6; Philip II’s claim to, 141–2; Plantagenet dominance, 144; rebellion (1154), 40; strategic importance, 57; war (1173), 86
Victor IV, anti–pope, 69
Visconti, Violante, 515
Vows of the Heron, The, 455
Waleran Beaumont, 16, 34
Wales: Arthur’s dominion, 598; civil war (1321–2), 394, 399, 402, 414, 427; de Montfort war, 278; Despenser estates, 404; Edward I’s campaigns (1277), 299–303, 314; (1282), 307–9, 314, 489; (1294–5), 333–4, 335; Edward I’s castles, 310–13, 333, 350, 599; enlistment of soldiers for crusade, 112; Henry II’s campaign (1157), 53; homage from princes, 74, 243, 245; John’s achievements, 187, 195, 197; John’s campaign (1211), 195; John’s castles, 197, 198; John’s policies, 192; landholdings, 404; Montgomery treaty (1267), 287, 300; Mortimer territories, 428; Norman conquest of south Wales, 50, 53; parliamentary representation, 402; peace negotiations, 262; rebellion (1212), 198; rebellion (1233), 233; rebellion (1241), 245; rebellion (1258), 259; rebellion (1282), 306; rebellion (1294), 332–3; Rhuddlan truce (1277), 302, 306–7; Statute (1284), 314; succession dispute, 243
Wallace, Sir William, 345–7, 350
Wallingford, siege (1153), 33, 35
Walsingham, Thomas: on Alice Perrers, 522, 528; on Black Prince’s death, 523; on Bolingbroke’s banishment, 579; on England’s decline, 520; on England’s prosperity, 563–4; on Gaveston, 542; on Peasants’ Revolt, 537; on Pedro the Cruel, 511; on Richard II’s death, 590; on Richard II’s revenge on Appellants, 566, 568; on Richard II’s rule, 557, 574, 575; on titles, 558
Walter, Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury: advice to John, 178; career, 137; character, 137; death, 181, 188; financial policies, 138; John’s accession, 149–50, 152; John’s coronation, 154; relationship with Richard I, 133, 137; Richard I’s death, 148–9; succession debate, 149–50; vice–regency, 137–8
Walter of Coutances, bishop of Lincoln, 126–7, 133
>
Walter of Coventry, 191, 195, 215, 216
Walter of Guisborough, 338, 342, 343, 357
Waltheof, Earl, 274
Walworth, William, 536, 538–9
Wars of the Roses, 592
Warwick, Guy de Beauchamp, earl of: death, 389; Edward II’s coronation, 363; Gaveston’s capture and death, 375–7, 381; nicknamed by Gaveston, 368; opposition to Edward II, 365, 373; Ordainer, 373; Scottish campaign issue, 383, 386
Warwick, Thomas de Beauchamp, earl of, 461, 472, 474, 485, 492
Warwick, Thomas de Beauchamp, earl of (son of above): Appellant, 552, 566; arrest and imprisonment, 565, 566, 567; lands and castles, 578; pardon revoked, 568; Peasants’ Revolt, 536; removal from council, 557; sentenced to life imprisonment, 569, 571, 573
Warwick, William de Beauchamp, earl of, 301, 333, 343
Wayland the Smith, 11
Welsh Marches, 191, 192, 198
Wenceslas IV, king of Bohemia, 540–1
Westminster: abbey rebuilding project, 246, 266, 517; controlled by rebels, 219, 220; coronation of Edward II, 362–5; coronation of Edward III, 422–3; coronation of Henry the Young King, 78; council (1163), 68; Henry III’s presentation ceremony, 244, 246; Painted Chamber, 250, 294, 466–7, 517; palace of, 47, 266; reconstruction of Hall, 559, 587; royal tombs, 427, 595; Stephen’s court, 19; tomb of the Confessor, 288, 427, 537–8; White Hall, 554
Westminster chronicler, 541
Westmorland, earl of, see Neville (Ralph)
White Ship, 3–8, 10, 15
Wigmore castle, 51
William, count of Poitou, son of Matilda and Geoffrey, 20, 52
William IX (‘the Troubadour Duke’), duke of Aquitaine, 27
William X, duke of Aquitaine, count of Poitou, 26–7
William I (the Conqueror), king of England, duke of Normandy: birthplace, 161; Dover castle, 95; execution of Waltheof, 274; finances, 404; government, 9; grandsons, 3, 4; sons, 9, 428; Tower of London, 212; war with Harold, 234
William II (Rufus), king of England, 9
William II, king of Sicily, 94, 110
William, son of Henry II, 47, 49
William the Aetheling, 3–8, 10, 15, 34, 168–9, 241
William of Aumerle, 50
William of Blois, count of Boulogne, son of Stephen, 38, 39, 40, 57–8
William the Breton, 133
William of Ely, 182
William Fitz Alan, 206
William d’Harcourt, 196
William of Hatfield, son of Edward III, 443
William I the Lion, king of Scotland: accession, 86; capture, 90; Falaise treaty (1174), 92, 93, 599; Great War rebellion, 86, 87, 88, 599; Henry II’s view of, 86; Norham treaty (1209), 194, 197; plots against, 197; refusal to join John’s rebellion, 133; relationship with Henry II, 92, 94; relationship with Richard I, 133, 136
William Longchamp, bishop of Ely, 114, 119, 124–6, 150
William of Malmesbury, 4, 6
William de Mowbray, 210–11
William of Newburgh: on Becket, 65; copies of his history, 470, 506, 509; on Eleanor and Louis, 28; on Henry II’s coronation, 45; on Henry’s invasion, 23; on John, 151; on marriage of Henry and Eleanor, 30; on Normandy, 19; on Stephen and Henry, 33, 39
William de Valence, 247, 252–3, 261, 278
William of Windsor, son of Edward III, 480, 483
Wilton Diptych, 559
Wiltshire, earl of, see Scrope (William)
Winchelsea, naval battle (1350), 491–3
Winchelsea, Robert, archbishop of Canterbury: character, 342; exiled, 358; Gaveston’s excommunication, 365, 367, 374–5; Gaveston’s recall, 368; plot against Gaveston, 374–5; recalled to England, 365; response to French campaign, 344; taxation dispute with king, 342, 344
Winchester: castle, 95; cathedral, 136; John’s reconciliation with Church (1213), 205; peace of (1153), 38–9, 51; royal treasury, 14; Stephen anointed king, 14; Stephen’s court, 19
Winchester, earl of, 240
Windsor: castle, 95, 194, 365, 486, 503–4; Round Table project, 486–7, 489; St George’s Chapel, 489, 528, 595; treaty (1175), 93
Woodstock: council of (1163), 67; palace of, 49
wool trade: Boulogne role, 15; Flanders role, 122, 454, 491, 544; London management, 464, 519; monopoly sales, 461; reform planned, 449; revenue, 389, 468, 543; Richard I’s ransom, 134; seizure of wool sacks, 344; shipping, 454, 457, 491, 519; taxation and customs duties, 342, 346, 468
Worcester: base for Welsh campaigns, 301, 307, 333; captured (1321), 398; cathedral, 216
Worcester, earl of, see Percy (Thomas)
Wyclif, John, 504, 531, 533, 562, 577
Wykeham, William of, bishop of Winchester, 503, 557
Yevele, Henry, 506, 559, 587
Yolanda, wife of Alexander III of Scotland, 325
York: May parliament (1298), 346; military base (1333–7), 445; muster of troops (1327), 425
Zouche, William, archbishop of York, 476
OTHER BOOKS BY DAN JONES
Summer of Blood: The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381
Copyright
HarperPress
An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers
77–85 Fulham Palace Road, Hammersmith, London W6 8JB
www.harpercollins.co.uk
Published by HarperPress in 2012
Dan Jones asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-0-00-721392-4
Maps by John Gilkes
THE PLANTAGENETS. Copyright © Dan Jones 2012. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
EPub Edition © APRIL 2012 ISBN: 978-0-00-745749-6
About the Publisher
Australia
HarperCollins Publishers (Australia) Pty. Ltd.
Level 13, 201 Elizabeth Street
Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
http://www.harpercollins.com.au
Canada
HarperCollins Canada
2 Bloor Street East - 20th Floor
Toronto, ON, M4W, 1A8, Canada
http://www.harpercollins.ca
New Zealand
HarperCollins Publishers (New Zealand) Limited
P.O. Box 1
Auckland, New Zealand
http://www.harpercollins.co.nz
United Kingdom
HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.
77-85 Fulham Palace Road
London, W6 8JB, UK
http://www.harpercollins.co.uk
United States
HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
10 East 53rd Street
New York, NY 10022
http://www.harpercollins.com
Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Dedication
Epigraph
List of Maps
List of Genealogical Tables
French Kings, 1060–1422
Preface
Part I
The White Ship
Hunt for an Heir
The Shipwreck
Ambition
A Scandalous Wife
Henry the Conqueror
Peace Process
Part II
Births and Rebirth
L’Espace Plantagenet
Unholy War
Succession Planning
The Eagle’s Nest
Henry Triumphant
A World on Fire
New Horizons
Hero of
the East
Treachery
At the Emperor’s Pleasure
Return of the Lionheart
Lackland Supreme
John Softsword
Triumph and Catastrophe
Lackland Undone
Part III
Salvaging the Wreck
A Stay-at-Home King
A Cruel Master
Beginning of the End
To Bouvines
Magna Carta
Securing the Inheritance
From Marshal to Magna Carta
Kingship at Last
Marriage and Family
Holy Kingship
The Road to War
The Provisions of Oxford
Part IV
Lewes
From Imprisonment to Evesham
The Leopard
King at Last
A New Arthur
The Final Stand
The King’s Castles
The Price of Conquest
The Expulsion of the Jews
The Great Cause
War on All Fronts
The Conquest of Scotland
Crisis Point
Relapse
Part V
The King and his Brother
Coronation
Emergency
The Ordinances
Manhunt
Summer of Promise
Bannockburn
