Bill Gates
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Cerf, Vinton, 115
Civic involvement, Gates family, 5
Codex Leicester, 146 – 47
Common Core Educational Standards, 162
Competitive advantage, 71
“Compu-Chess” product, 35
Computer Center Corporation (CCC), 10
Computer programming: copyright protection of, 29 – 31; skill sets required for success, 8 – 9
Consent decrees, 75 – 78, 105 – 6
CONTU (Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works), 35
Copyright protection, 29 – 31, 34, 35, 44 – 48
Corbis, 141 – 44
Core competences, 71
Corporate piracy, 33
Creative Capitalism (Gates), 158
Criticisms of Bill Gates, 8
Cross-licensing agreements, 61
Cutler Anderson Architects, 130
Data evaluation, 11 – 13
DaVinci, Leonardo, 146 – 47
Davos, Switzerland, forum, 158
Deere and Company, 141
Department of Justice, 75 – 78, 121
Development costs, 30, 35
Digital Nervous System, 63 – 64
DOS—Disk Operating System, 26
Dream machine, 26
Early mover advantage, 27
E-book readers, 64
EcoLab, 141
80 Microcomputing (magazine), 34
86-DOS, 40
Eisner, Michael, 7
Electronic mail, 54 – 55
Ellison, Larry, 57 – 58, 166
Emulation, 11, 13, 17
Facebook, 135 – 37
FCC (Fomento de Constucciones & Contratas), 141
First-mover advantage, 69, 70
For-profit Internet companies, 114
Four Seasons Hotels, Inc., 140 – 41
Franklin Computer Corporation, 44 – 48
Gates, Bill, 9, 47, 56, 61, 79, 95, 142; as “argumentative young boy,” 3 – 4; and Berkshire Hathaway, 137 – 38; birth, 1; brash self-confidence of, 24 – 25; children, 126 – 29; as college dropout, 20 – 22; as Congressional page, 12; credits luck, 1, 2, 14; criticisms of, 8; dwindling ownership interest in Microsoft, 138 – 42; early access to computers, 7 – 8, 10 – 11; early civic involvement, 4 – 5; early PC dream, 26; educational background, 10; eligible bachelor, 49; as employee, 12; empowering women, 137; emulation skills, 11, 13; entrepreneur ranking, 104; external shareholdings, 140; fearing failure, 59; Harvard education, 12 – 13, 16, 17, 19 – 20; headstrong nature of, 4, 12; inspiring other billionaires, 135 – 37; intellectual curiosity, 12 – 13; intellectual property win, 44 – 48; intense nature of, 37 – 38; leadership personality, 8; leaving Microsoft, 158 – 59; on legacy, 129; and Leonardo DaVinci, 146 – 47; LinkedIn presence of, 138; marriage, 123 – 26; memorandums to staff, 43 – 44; on Microsoft failings, 119; Microsoft technology advisor, 139; nickname, 2; opportunities lost, 64; ownership interest in Microsoft, 138 – 40; parental encouragement of, 3; Paul Allen partnership agreement, 31; personal wealth, 52, 62, 149, 150; pie in the face incident, 149 – 50; programming addiction, 12; religion, 127; reputation as a boss, 36 – 37; science and mathematics background, 8 – 9; siblings, 3; successful partnerships, 7, 11, 23; teacher influencers of, 8 – 9; as voracious reader, 3, 10; writings, 113; youthful preeminence, 13 – 14
Gates, Mary Maxwell (mother), 1 – 2, 21, 38 – 39, 125
Gates, Melinda French (wife), 123 – 26, 160
Gates, William Henry II (Bill, Sr.), 1 – 2, 5, 20, 147, 153 – 54
Gates, William Henry III. See Gates, Bill
Gates children, 126 – 29
Gates family estate, 129 – 33
Gates Foundation. See Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Gates-Jobs relationship, 107 – 10
Gates Millennium Scholarship Fund, 149, 162
Gilbert, Paul, 11 – 13
The Giving Pledge, 164 – 66
Gladwell, Malcolm, 13, 14
Godin, Noel, 149 – 50
Google, 115
Google Chromebook, 58
Gore, Al, Jr., 115
Grove, Andy, 56
GUI (graphical user interface), 53
Gupta, Sanjay, 161 – 62
Guth, Robert, 4
Hastings, Reed, 166
Hatch, Orrin, 82 – 83
Have the Courts Smashed Software Copyright?, 34
HBCUs (historically black colleges and universities), 148 – 49
Heiner, David, 90
Herbold, Bob, 152
High-speed Internet, 79
Hobbyists, 14, 24, 29 – 31
Huston, James, 45
IBM: first personal computers, 37 – 38; hires Microsoft, 38 – 42; Joint Development Agreement, 49; PC introduction, 40 – 42; Windows project, 47
Icahn, Carl, 166
InfoFlows, 144
“Information highway,” 115
Intellectual property, 29 – 31, 34 – 36, 44 – 48, 65 – 66
Internet, 56 – 59, 114
Internet Explorer, 78, 79, 80 – 81, 91
Internet Tidal Wave memo (Gates), 56 – 57, 78
Jackson, Thomas Penfield, 76, 90, 96, 99 – 102
JBHE foundation, 148 – 49
Jobs, Steve: battle with Sculley, 50; death, 110 – 11; Microsoft investment, 60 – 62; and PARC, 53; youthful preeminence, 13 – 14, 16
Jobs – Gates relationship, 107 – 10
“JS&A Chess Computer,” 35
Kahn, Robert, 115
Kawamoto, Dawn, 84
Kollar-Kotelly, Colleen, 103
Lakeside School, 7, 8, 10, 42, 117
Larson, Michael, 140
Larson, There, 141
Library Project, 147 – 48
Licensed copies. See Intellectual property
Licensing fees, 77
LinkedIn, 138
Linux operating system, 99
Litan, Robert, 95
Lotus 1 – 2 – 3, 120
Lucas, George, 166
Macintosh computers, 44, 47, 60
Maestretti, Gary, 8
Mainframe computers, 40
Man – machine interface, 44
Master Create program, 45
Masters of Enterprise (Brands), 24 – 25
McNealy, Scott, 153
Microsoft: 1997 shareholder meeting, 62 – 64; Allen and, 42 – 43; Apple investment, 60 – 62; Applications Strategy Memo, 43 – 44; Ballmer and, 37 – 38, 66 – 67, 139; competitors, 25; default operating system, 70; dispute with MITS, 32 – 34; earliest employees, 24 – 25; early adoption of power, 31 – 32; electronic mail, 54 – 55; employee longevity, 34; employee youth, 28; first-mover advantage, 27, 69; Gates’s age at founding, 24; Gates’s departure, 158 – 59; Gates’s dwindling ownership interest in, 138 – 42; Gates’s memorandums to staff, 43 – 44; Gates’s parents’ view of, 24; intellectual property, 29 – 30, 34 – 36, 65 – 66; Internet, 56 – 59; Joint Development Agreement with IBM, 49; married to MITS, 29; named by Paul Allen, 24; open letter to hobbyists, 29 – 31; operating systems and, 32, 33 – 34, 38 – 42; personnel for growth, 36 – 42; profitability, 72 – 73; programming languages, 39; publicly traded, 50 – 51; quick turnaround, success and, 27 – 29; startup money for, 20; time-sensitive nature of startup, 25; vertical integration, 72; wealth generator, 52. See also Microsoft antitrust trial
Micro-Soft. See Microsoft
Microsoft antitrust trial: appeals court, 100 – 104; “applications business,” 97; backdrop in case, 98 – 99; competition, 78; contempt motion, 78; end of sanctions, 105 – 6; findings of fact, 90 – 93; first consent decree, 75 – 78; Gates deposition, 84 – 87; Gates response to findings of fact, 94; Gates testimony, 87 – 89; Internet Explorer, 80 – 81; judge Jackson under fire, 99 – 100; leaked memo, 90; October 20, 1997, 78 – 80; “operating system business,” 96; post-trial legacy, 104 – 5; renewed attack, 95 – 98; second consent decree, 105 – 6; and Senate Judiciary Committee, 82 – 83
Micros
oft Bob, 125
Microsoft Office, 26
Minority education, wealth disparity and, 148 – 49
MITS, Microsoft dispute with, 32 – 34
Morgan, John Pierpont (J.P.), 145, 146
Mosaic Communications Corporation, 64
Moscovitz, Dustin, 166
Mouse, introduction of, 47
MS-DOS, 37 – 39
Musk, Elon, 166
Myhrvold, Nathan, 14
Nadella, Satya, 139 – 40
Nader, Ralph, 62 – 63, 150 – 53
Napster, 29
NCSA Mosaic, 114
Netscape, 57, 64, 80, 98, 114
NeXT computer company, 50
Nondisclosure agreements, 31
O’Hare (code name), 57, 78, 80. See also Internet Explorer
Omega database, 120
On-demand entertainment, 132
Opel, John R., 39
Open Letter to Hobbyists (Gates), 29 – 31, 34 – 35, 40, 71, 113
Operating systems, 38 – 42
Oracle, 98
OS/2 operating system, 49, 52 – 53, 69 – 70, 120
Outliers (Gladwell), 28
Paperless office, 38, 47
Paper tapes, 11
PARC (Palo Alto Research Center), 27, 53
Partnership agreement, Paul Allen, 31, 43
Partnerships, invaluable nature of, 7, 11, 23
Patents or copyrights, 35
Path dependence, 70 – 71
PC alternative, 57 – 58
“Per processor” license agreements, 77
Personal computers, 13 – 16, 26 – 27, 37 – 38
Philanthropy, role models for, 145 – 46
Pie in the face incident, 149 – 50
Pixar, 50
Popular Electronics, 13, 15
Price, Sol, 151
Programming language, 32, 39. See also BASIC programming language
QDOS—Quick and Dirty Operating System, 40
Queenan, Joe, 118
Quinlan, Patty, 166
Radio Shack, 42
“Registration and Non-Disclosure Agreement,” 40
Reinvent the Toilet Challenge, 161
Republic Services, 141
The Road Ahead (Gates), 14, 18, 19, 116 – 18
The Road Ahead, 2e (Gates), 118 – 19
Roberts, Ed, 17, 32 – 33
Rockefeller, John D., 145 – 46
Rolling Stones, 58
Rothschild, Michael, 152
Rule, Charles F., 77
Saverin, Eduardo, 135 – 37
Sculley, John, 50, 53, 54
Seattle Computer Products, 40 – 41
Shenk, Gary, 142, 143
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), 72, 79, 90
Simonyi, Charles, 38, 54
Skoll, Jeff, 166
Software Asset Management (SAM) initiative, 65
Software development: costs, 71 – 72; individuals suited to, 36 – 37
Splash News, 143
Sporkin, Stanley, 76, 77, 101, 103
Spyglass, 114
Stack ranking (HR practice), 55
Standard operating system, essential nature of, 31 – 32
“Start Me Up” (Rolling Stones), 58
STEM disciplines, 165 – 66
Steve Jobs (Isaacson), 111
Stocklim, Paul, 8
Sun Microsystems, 98
Tape readers, 11 – 12
Teachers, importance of, 9
Technology collaboration, 61
Technology failures at home, 133
Tennant, Don, 119
Time-sharing, 8, 10
Torvalds, Linus, 99
Trade secrets, 31, 54
Traf-O-Data, 11 – 13
Trey (Bill Gates’s nickname), 2, 3, 20
TRIPS (Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights), 65, 66
TRS-80 computer, 34
TRS-80 Model III, 42
Trustworthy Computing Memo (Gates), 122
Tuna, Cari, 166
Turner, Ted, 151, 166
Unfair competition laws, 31
United Negro College Fund (UNCF), 149
United Way International, 2
Use taxes (Washington state), 146 – 47
Vaccinations, 161 – 62
Vaporware, 50
Veer, 143
Vertical integration, 72
Virtuous cycle, Microsoft’s, 70
Wakefield, [Andrew], 162
Walters, Barbara, 126, 133
Washington state use taxes, 146 – 47
Wealth disparity, 148 – 49, 153
Webb, Rick, 60
Windows: 3.0 success, 55; first release, 50; the only option, 59; OS/2 operating system, 49, 52 – 53; second version released, 52 – 53
Windows 95, 58 – 59, 78
Women, empowerment of, 137
Working Together, Why Great Partnerships Succeed (Eisner), 7, 123
World Economic Forum Conference (2008), 158
WORLD WAR 3.0, 94
Wozniak, Steve, 16
Wright, Fred, 8
Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center), 27, 38, 47, 53
Yahoo!, 115
Zuckerberg, Mark, 135 – 37, 166
About the Author
DR. MICHAEL B. BECRAFT is the Edward F. Lyle Professor of Finance and Director of the Graduate Program in Business for the Park University School of Business, with an office location in Kansas City, Missouri.