The League of Wives
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31. McMaster, Dereliction of Duty, 63; Denton, When Hell Was in Session, 23.
32. McMaster, Dereliction of Duty, 108.
33. David Halberstam, The Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1992), 229.
34. Robert S. McNamara with Brian VanDeMark, In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam (New York: Vintage, 1996), 357.
35. Halberstam, Best and the Brightest, 247.
36. Janie Tschudy, in conversation with the author, March 21, 2017.
37. Richard Capen, in conversation with the author, March 30, 2017.
38. Ibid.
39. Halberstam, Best and the Brightest, 247.
40. Janie Tschudy, in conversation with the author, March 21, 2017.
41. Debby Burns Henry, in conversation with the author, May 2, 2016.
42. David J. Morris, The Evil Hours: A Biography of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015), 48–49.
43. Stanley Karnow, Vietnam: A History—The First Complete Account of Vietnam at War (New York: Penguin, 1984), 366–76; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 3–36.
44. McMaster, Dereliction of Duty, 125.
45. Ibid., 133.
46. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 36, 499–505.
47. Howes, Voices of the Vietnam POWs, 238.
48. Ibid., 101–14; Townley, Defiant, 2–3.
49. Townley, Defiant, 18–19.
50. Eagles, “Hotel California,” composed by Don Felder, Glenn Frey, and Don Henley, on Hotel California (Asylum Records, 1976).
Chapter Three: A Great Society for Some, Not for All …
1. Associated Press, The World in 1965: History as We Lived It (New York: Associated Press, 1965), 9.
2. Lyndon B. Johnson, “The President’s Inaugural Address,” January 20, 1965, American Presidency Project, accessed August 2, 2018, www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=26985.
3. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique, 50th anniv. ed. (New York: W. W. Norton, 2013), 461–62; Gail Collins, America’s Women: 400 Years of Dolls, Drudges, Helpmates, and Heroines (New York: William Morrow, 1997), 433–34.
4. “Republican Motherhood,” in Women’s Studies Encyclopedia, ed. Helen Tierney (Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press, 2002).
5. Gail Collins, When Everything Changed: The Amazing Journey of American Women from 1960 to the Present (New York: Little, Brown, 2009), 5.
6. Karen Taylor, “Cult of True Womanhood,” in Women’s Studies Encyclopedia, ed. Helen Tierney (Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press, 2002).
7. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 18–19, box 11, folder 22, SBSP; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 118–19.
8. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 118–20; Sybil Stockdale diary, September 1965, 1–3, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
9. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 121.
10. Sid Stockdale, in conversation with the author, June 8, 2015.
11. Evelyn Grubb and Carol Jose, You Are Not Forgotten (St. Petersburg, FL: Vandamere Press, 2008), 50–51.
12. “Families of Men Missing in Vietnam Fight Legal Battles,” Washington Post, August 26, 1966, box 2, SBSP.
13. Photo of Lyndon B. Johnson with Sybil Stockdale, box 5, SBSP.
14. Howes, Voices of the Vietnam POWs, 244–45.
15. Dorothy McDaniel, After the Hero’s Welcome: A POW Wife’s Story of the Battle Against a New Enemy (Chicago: Bonus Books, 1991), 41.
16. Sybil Stockdale to Captain James Andrews, September 29, 1966, box 2, SBSP.
17. Grubb and Jose, You Are Not Forgotten, 51–52.
18. Janie Tschudy, email message to author, May 2, 2017.
19. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 24–25, box 11, folder 22, SBSP; Sybil Stockdale, “Reflections of a POW Wife” speech, JSSP, 5.
20. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 125–27; Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 1, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
21. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 130.
22. Ibid., 132–34; Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 2, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
23. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 2, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
24. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 135.
Chapter Four: Wives or Widows?
1. Denton, When Hell Was in Session, 96–97.
2. Jeremiah Denton III, in conversation with the author, May 7, 2016; Jeremiah, directed by Mark Fastoso (Birmingham: Alabama Public Television, 2015); Townley, Defiant, 76–78.
3. James S. Denton, “Editor’s Introduction: In Hanoi, Going Forward and Backward,” World Affairs Institute, January/February 2014, accessed May 24, 2016, http://worldaffairsjournal.org/article/editor’s-introduction-hanoi-going-forward-and-backward; Townley, Defiant, 78.
4. Jeremiah Denton III, in conversation with the author, May 7, 2016.
5. Denton, When Hell Was in Session, 89–90.
6. Andre Wiest and Chris McNab, The Illustrated History of the Vietnam War (New York: Metro Books, 2015), 33–34.
7. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 120.
8. Ibid.
9. Steven L. Smith, “The Reluctant Sorority: Stories of American Wives of Prisoners of War and Missing in Action, 1965–1973; Lessons in Exercising Leadership in the Absence of Power” (PhD diss., University of San Diego, April 2006), 82–83; Debby Burns Henry, personal scrapbook.
10. Pye and Shea, Navy Wife, 152.
11. Smith, “Reluctant Sorority,” 66.
12. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 189.
13. Geneva Conventions description, “Return with Honor,” American Experience, PBS, aired November 2000, accessed December 7, 2015, www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/filmmore/ps-geneva.html (webpage discontinued).
14. Dorothy and Red McDaniel, in conversation with the author, January 18, 2018.
15. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 149–202; Townley, Defiant; Howard and Phyllis Rutledge, In The Presence of Mine Enemies: 1965–1973—A Prisoner of War (Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revel, 1973), 24–27, 45–47; Denton, When Hell Was in Session.
16. Denton, “Editor’s Introduction: In Hanoi.”
17. Pat Twinem, in conversation with the author, June 6, 2017.
18. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 135–37; Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 53–56, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
19. Robert Sams Boroughs Jr., military records, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Naval Personnel, various pages, Boroughs family private collection.
20. Merriann and Bernard Lynch, in conversation with the author, July 20, 2017; Bob Boroughs’s military superior’s comments, Boroughs military records.
21. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 55, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
22. Merriann Boroughs Lynch, in conversation with the author, February 8, 2017; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 137.
23. Pat Twinem, in conversation with the author, June 7, 2017.
24. Ibid.
25. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 135–37; Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 64, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
26. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 140–41.
27. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 195.
28. Ibid., 194–200.
29. “Return with Honor,” American Experience.
30. Interview with Bob Shumaker in Jeremiah, directed by Mark Fastoso (Birmingham: Alabama Public Television, 2015).
31. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 198.
32. “Return with Honor,” American Experience.
33. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 196–97.
34. Ibid., 206.
35. “Return with Honor,” American Experience; Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 206.
36. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 199.
37. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 72–73; Denton, When Hell Was in Session, 28–29.
38. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 49; Vernon E. Davis, The Long Road Home: U.S. Prisoner of War Policy and Planning in Southeast Asia (Washington, DC: Historical Office of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, 2000), 7–11; Senate Committee on Government Operations, Communist Interrogation, Indoctrination and Exploitation of American Military and Civilian Prisoners (Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1957), Senate Report no. 2832, 84th Cong., 1–2, 6–23.
Chapter Five: A Reluctant Sorority
1. Davis, Long Road Home, 42–43.
2. “The National League of Families of American Prisoners of War and Missing in Action in Southeast Asia,” paper by unidentified author, n.d., 14–15, JSSP.
3. Michael J. Allen, Until the Last Man Comes Home: POWs, MIAs and the Unending Vietnam War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009), 20.
4. Ibid., 18–19.
5. Sallie Stratton, in conversation with the author, September 7, 2017.
6. Sybil Stockdale, oral history interview with Steven L. Smith, June 16, 2000, 4, in Smith, “Reluctant Sorority.”
7. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 202, 206; Davis, Long Road Home, 77, 80–84.
8. Davis, Long Road Home, 84.
9. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 140.
10. Sybil Stockdale, “Reflections of a POW Wife” speech, 5–6, JSSP; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 141.
11. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 60, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
12. Rudy Abramson, Spanning the Century: The Life of W. Averell Harriman, 1891–1986 (New York: William Morrow, 1992), 51–52.
13. Lynne Olson, Citizens of London: The Americans Who Stood with Britain in Its Darkest, Finest Hour (New York: Random House, 2010), 239–43, 389–90.
14. Abramson, Spanning the Century, 603.
15. Olson, Citizens of London, 58.
16. Ibid., 54.
17. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 141.
18. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 61, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
19. Ibid.; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 141–43.
20. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 60, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
21. Sybil Stockdale to POW/MIA wives, August 10, 1966, box 2, SBSP.
22. Ibid.
23. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 143.
24. Sybil Stockdale to POW/MIA wives, August 10, 1966, box 2, SBSP.
25. Sybil Stockdale, “1968: What Was Changing,” 5, box 3, SBSP.
26. James G. Andrews, USN Assistant Chief for Morale Services, to Mrs. Jeremiah Denton, November 7, 1966, Jeremiah Denton CACO file, collection of Mike Denton.
27. Jane Denton to Governor Harriman, n.d., Jeremiah Denton CACO file, collection of Mike Denton.
28. Bruce Henderson, “Dieter Dengler’s Great Escape from Laotian POW Camp,” HistoryNet, July 12, 2010, www.historynet.com/dieter-denglers-great-escape-from-laotian-pow-camp.htm.
29. Jane Denton to Averell Harriman, n.d., Jeremiah Denton CACO file, collection of Mike Denton.
30. Stockdale Family Cookbook, JSSP.
31. Sherry Martin, in conversation with the author, January 30, 2016.
32. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 51.
33. Sandy Dennison, in conversation with the author, March 9, 2016.
34. Karen Butler, remarks at Sybil Stockdale memorial service, Coronado, CA, November 14, 2015.
35. Sybil Stockdale, oral history interview with Steven L. Smith, June 8, 2000, 4, in Smith, “Reluctant Sorority.”
36. Sybil Stockdale, speech notes on “Six Stages of Being a POW Wife,” n.d., 1, JSSP.
37. Ibid.
38. “Operation Rolling Thunder,” History.com, accessed June 20, 2016, www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/operation-rolling-thunder; Karnow, Vietnam: A History, 415, 454.
39. Stockdale, speech notes on “Six Stages of Being a POW Wife.”
40. Sherry Martin, in conversation with the author, January 30, 2016.
41. Jenny Connell Robertson, email message to author, September 26, 2017.
42. Debby Burns Henry, email messages to author, September 22 and 26, 2017.
43. Karen Butler, Debby Burns Henry, Patsy Crayton, Shirley Stark, and Jenny Connell Robertson, oral history interview with Heath Hardage Lee, January 16, 2016, REDASC.
44. Karen Butler, email message to author, September 24, 2017.
45. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 225–26.
46. Friedan, Feminine Mystique, 1.
47. Captain Gordon I. Peterson, USN (Ret.), and David C. Taylor, “A Shield and a Sword: Intelligence Support to Communications with US POWs in Vietnam,” Studies in Intelligence 60, no. 1 (March 2016): 5; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 141.
48. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 64, box 11, folder 22, SBSP; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 141.
49. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 64, box 11, folder 22, SBSP; Jenny Connell Robertson, in conversation with the author, January 16, 2016; Debby Burns Henry, in conversation with the author, January 16, 2016.
50. Janie Tschudy, in conversation with the author, March 21, 2017.
51. Admiral B. J. Semmes to Jane Denton, March 27, 1967, Jeremiah Denton CACO file, collection of Mike Denton.
52. Grubb and Jose, You Are Not Forgotten, 71.
Chapter Six: New Girl Village
1. Sheila Weller, “It Happened in 1967,” Vanity Fair, March 2017, 199.
2. Bhuma Shrivastava and Gerry Smith, “Rolling Stone, Music Chronicle Spanning Rock to Rap, Up for Sale,” Bloomberg, September 19, 2017.
3. Joe Hagan, Sticky Fingers: The Life and Times of Jann Wenner and Rolling Stone Magazine (New York: Knopf, 2017), 75–76.
4. Weller, “It Happened in 1967,” 199–200.
5. Collins, When Everything Changed, 170.
6. Ray A. Smith, “The Power Suit Gets an Update,” Wall Street Journal, September 13, 2017, A13.
7. Everett Alvarez Jr. and Anthony S. Pitch, Chained Eagle: The Heroic Story of the First American Shot Down over North Vietnam (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2005), 94, 101, 108.
8. McDaniel, After the Hero’s Welcome, 41.
9. Jane Maury Denton diary, January 8, 1967, JJDPC.
10. Amy Swerdlow, Women Strike for Peace: Traditional Motherhood and Radical Politics in the 1960s (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), 1.
11. Ibid., 2.
12. Ibid., 3, 134.
13. Swerdlow, Women Strike for Peace, 134–35; James W. Clinton, The Loyal Opposition (Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1995), 180–81.
14. Swerdlow, Women Strike for Peace, 217.
15. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 204.
16. S. Steven Powell, Covert Cadre: Inside the Institute for Policy Studies (Ottawa, IL: Green Hill, 1988), 15–16; Robert Chandler, Shadow World: Resurgent Russia, the Global New Left, ad Radical Islam (Washington, D.C. Regnery Publishing, 2008), 190.
17. Jenny Connell Robertson, email message to author, September 19, 2017.
18. Jane Maury Denton diary, February 4–6, 1967, JJDPC.
19. Jeremiah Denton III, unpublished memoir (2017), 135, collection of Jeremiah Denton III; Jeremiah Denton III, in conversation with the author, May 8, 2016.
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20. Jeremiah Denton III, unpublished memoir (2017), 119, collection of Jeremiah Denton III.