Jungle Books (Barnes & Noble Classics Series)

by Rudyard Kipling

  Moore-Gilbert, B. J. Kipling and “Orientalism.” London: Croom Helm, 1986.

  Randall, Don. Kipling’s Imperial Boy: Adolescence and Cultural Hybridity. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000.

  OTHER WORKS CITED IN THE INTRODUCTION

  Arnold, Matthew. Culture and Anarchy. 1869. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.

  Auden, W. H. “In Memory of W. B. Yeats.” In The Collected Poetry of W. H. Auden. New York: Random House, 1945.

  James, Henry. Selected Letters of Henry James to Edmund Gosse, 1882-1915: A Literary Friendship. Edited by Rayburn S. Moore. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988.

  Kipling, Rudyard. The Letters of Rudyard Kipling. Vol. 2. Edited by Thomas Pinney. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1990.

  . Plain Tales from the Hills. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1915.

  . “In the Rukh.” In Many Inventions. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1893.

  . Something of Myself and Other Autobiographical Writings. 1937. Edited by Thomas Pinney. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Includes “Baa Baa, Black Sheep.”

  Naipaul, V S. An Area of Darkness. New York: Vintage Books, 2002.

  Orwell, George. “Rudyard Kipling.” In Collected Essays. London: Heinemann, 1966.

  Rushdie, Salman. East, West: Stories. New York: Vintage, 1995.

  Trilling, Lionel. The Liberal Imagination: Essays on Literature and Society. 1950. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979.

  Wilson, Edmund. “The Kipling That Nobody Read.” In The Wound and the Bow, 1941. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1947.

  a In central India, in the Seoni district of Madhya Pradesh. Kipling never visited this region.

  b Kipling gets this name from his father’s 1891 work Beast and Man in India, in which a parasite is called tabaqi kutta, a Hindi phrase meaning “one who sponges” (literally, “dish dog”).

  c Rabies (Hindi).

  d Or Wainganga; river in the Seoni district.

  e Or sambar, a large Asian deer.

  f Kipling invented this name. Most of the other creatures in the Mowgli stories are named with Hindi words that describe what they are.

  g Alone (Hindi).

  h Bear (Hindi).

  i Pard, or panther (Gondi, a language spoken in south-central India).

  j Kipling invented this name.

  k Kipling suggests that Kaa is an Indian (rock) python.

  l When shedding its skin, a snake secretes a milky lubricant that causes its eyes to cloud over and its vision to become temporarily impaired.

  m Kipling had seen such ruins of ancient cities during his travels in India.

  n The priest’s mark has religious significance.

  o Or Kanhiwara; town in the Seoni district.

  p British musket made in the Tower of London arsenal during the late eighteenth century, originally for military use.

  q It is a Hindu custom to give offerings of milk to cobras.

  r An avatar (manifestation) of the Hindu god Vishnu, the sustainer of the world, who represents courage and chivalry.

  s A ladies’ chain is a movement in country dancing in which the women weave among the men.

  t Equivalent of one-sixteenth of a rupee, a paltry sum.

  u Basil (Hindi).

  v Reference to Kipling’s 1893 story “In the Rukh,” about Mowgli’s return to the world of men.

  w According to H. W. Elliott (see endnote 4), this is a Russian name for an adult male seal.

  x Kipling derives this description of the seals’ fight for nursery space from Elliott’s accounts.

  y According to Elliott, the Russian name for a mother seal.

  z Beach on St. Paul (see endnote 5) where seals breed.

  aa One of the Pribilof Islands, much smaller than St. Paul.

  ab According to Elliott, the Russian name for a seal pup.

  ac The Juan Fernández Islands are a group of three islands in the South Pacific, west of Chile.

  ad Reference to bioluminescent plankton, small plant and animal organisms that float or drift in the sea and emit light at night, creating what are known as “phosphorescent seas.”

  ae Kotick is speaking Russian (as do the seabirds on p. 91).

  af Kipling derived this name from the Russian name for a walrus.

  ag Steller’s Sea Cow, a species related to manatees and dugongs, was long extinct at the time Kipling was writing.

  ah In the southern Indian Ocean.

  ai Más Afuera is one of the Juan Fernández Islands.

  aj One of the Commander, or Komandorski, Islands in the southwestern Bering Sea.

  ak Kipling is describing Steller’s Sea Cow. The Frog-Footman, a character in chapter 6 of Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865), opens the door of the Duchess’s house.

  al Cobra (Hindi).

  am A cantonment is a military station in India.

  an Darzi means “tailor” in Hindi. Tailorbirds, any of numerous chiefly Asian warblers of the genus Orthotomus, are known for “sewing” leaves together to build and camouflage nests.

  ao Brahma, the creator god in the Hindu pantheon and one of the three most important gods, along with Shiva and Vishnu.

  ap Hindi word for “krait,” a type of brightly banded, venomous snake of the genus Bungarus; several species inhabit India and Pakistan.

  aq Chant.

  ar Or Ali Masjid; British fort in the Khyber Pass, Afghanistan; the scene of intense fighting in the Second Afghan War (1878-1880).

  as Port city in Myanmar (formerly Burma); once an important shipbuilding center.

  at Hilly region of Assam, in northeastern India.

  au Term for a grown male elephant.

  av Sharply pointed device used to drive elephants (Hindi).

  aw Drivers or keepers of elephants (Hindi).

  ax Seat on an elephant’s back (Hindi).

  ay Or Kanpur; city in Uttar Pradesh, in northern India.

  az Or kheda; enclosure in which elephants are caught (Hindi).

  ba Middle course of the Brahmaputra River, where it breaks through the Himalayas in Assam, northeastern India.

  bb Shiva, or Siva; one of the most powerful gods in the Hindu pantheon; called “the destroyer”; closely associated with animals.

  bc Throne (Hindi).

  bd Hindi expression meaning “great god”; used in northern India in reference to Shiva.

  be Probably a misprint for “hog-boar” (male boar).

  bf Obeisance (respectful gesture; the word is derived from Urdu and Arabic).

  bg Or Parvati, Shiva’s wife; a manifestation of the Hindu goddess Kali, the Di-

  vine Mother (see the footnote on p. 204).

  bh Mathematical problem-solving method, in which three proportional terms are used to find a fourth; called the golden rule in Renaissance Europe.

  bi Blue gums are trees (genus Eucalyptus) native to Australia; backblocks is an Australian term for a rural interior area.

  bj Reference to hoof knives, used by horseshoers to trim a horse’s hooves.

  bk Famous harness racehorse of the late-nineteenth century, whose pedigree was questioned.

  bl Slang term for a poor horse.

  bm Málaga; port city in southern Spain.

  bn Astrakhan, or karakul, is a breed of sheep found in central Asia.

  bo Holy man.

  bp Hindu king.

  bq Kipling worked as an editor of the Pioneer, a newspaper based in Allahabad, India, from 1887 to 1889.

  br Prime minister

  bs Hard-shelled seed of a fan-leaved palm, resembling a large coconut shell.

  bt Or Yogis; adherents of Yoga, a Hindu theistic philosophy. Kala Pir (also known as Kala Mahar) was a siddh (a saint who has achieved a semi-divine existence) worshiped by jogis in the low hills of eastern India.

  bu Rohtak and Samanah, or Samana, are towns north of Delhi; Kurnool is a town in southern India; the Sutlej River and its tributary the Gugger flow through the southern Him
alayas.

  bv Rajput refers to the people of Rajputana, or Rajasthan, a region of north-western India; a Brahmin is a Hindi of the highest caste; Kulu is a valley in the Himalayas, in Himachal Pradesh, northern India.

  bw Range of hills near Simla (see endnote 1 for The Second Jungle Book).

  bx Little Simla (Hindi); refers to the native quarter.

  by Lamaist monks; Lamaism is a sect of Mahayana Buddhism.

  bz Tibet.

  ca Now Matiana, 40 miles northwest of Simla.

  cb East Indian cedars.

  cc The Hindu goddess Kali, the Divine Mother, is the goddess of destruction and transformation; Durga, the goddess of war, and Sitala, the goddess of health and illness, are manifestations of Kali.

  cd Flat breads.

  ce Ladakh is a region of Kashmir.

  cf Musk deer (Hindi); a small deer of central Asia.

  cg An invented state.

  ch Hindu ascetic (Hindi).

  ci Or Gharatpur; former Indian state, now part of Rajasthan.

  cj Tribal people of central India.

  ck Crocodile (Hindi).

  cl Crocodile-ford; a mugger is a common crocodile of India.

  cm Bats.

  cn Large, long-snouted reptile related to the crocodile.

  co Ganges River.

  cp Rewa, Mohoo, Chapta, Batchua, and Chilwa are types of freshwater fish found in the region.

  cq Members of an Indo-Aryan tribe of the Punjab and Uttar Pradesh in northern India.

  cr Sikhs (members of a religious sect founded in the Punjab [also called the “Bêt”] in the late-fifteenth century) from Malwah.

  cs Lake in Massachusetts.

  ct Arid region in the Punjab.

  cu Or Munger; town and district in northeastern India on the bank of the Ganges, in the former British-ruled province of Bengal.

  cv Martini-Henry rifle, commonly used at the time by the British army.

  cw Eighth-century founder of the Sisodia dynasty in Rajasthan.

  cx Literally, a rotted out tree-stump.

  cy Labrador, Hudson Strait, Melville Peninsula, Fury and Hecla Strait, Baffin Island, Bylot Island, Lancaster Sound, North Devon Island, and Ellesmere Island are coastal areas of eastern and northern Canada.

  cz Bodies of water in Canada’s Northwest Territories.

  da Also called the northern lights; luminous, nighttime phenomenon that occurs in the Northern Hemisphere.

  db Lake on Baffin Island in Nunavut, Canada.

  dc District in Madhya Pradesh, in central India.

  dd Wild dog of India.

  de Or Deccan; central plains of India.