American Eden
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inkberry (Prinos glaber), 142
inoculation, 21, 53
Inula helenium (elecampane), 281
Ipomoea purpurea (morning glory), 140
Irving, Washington
birth of, 16
Governors Island description, 251
and Hosack’s eulogy for Benjamin Rush, 255
and Hosack’s marriage to Magdalena Coster, 295
and Hyde Park invitation, 311
as inspiration for Verplanck’s satire, 283
and Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York, 261
losses in New York fire, 320
on Park Theatre habitués, 123
Picture of New-York satire, 204–5
reaction to railroad along Hudson River, 322
James Edward Smith and, 57, 267
Jackson, Andrew, 301
James, 21st Brodie of Brodie, 39
Japanese gold-dust tree (Aucuba japonica), 181
Japan rose (Camellia japonica), 179, 248, 258–59
Jardin des Plantes, 9, 238, 238, 239, 270, 287
Jardin du Roi, 131
Jasminum sambac (Arabian jasmine), 179
Jay, John, 23, 24, 61–64, 73, 79, 83
Jay, Sarah, 18, 24, 68
Jay Treaty, 83, 103
Jefferson, Thomas
botanical tour of New England, 30–31
and botany, 12
and Burr conspiracy, 211
death of, 299
on death of Benjamin Rush, 254
Alire Delile and, 205
election of 1800, 115, 116
and Embargo Act, 208
and French Revolution, 71–72
and grizzly bears, 207
Hamilton’s rivalry with, 30, 138
Hosack’s correspondence with, 197–99, 270, 290
and Jardin des Plantes specimens, 287
and Lewis and Clark expedition, 147–50, 199–202, 259
at Madison’s inauguration, 218
and New-York Horticultural Society, 292, 294
Charles Willson Peale and, 75, 119, 153, 154
on plans for public botanical garden, 249
and political polarization in 1790s NYC, 71
and poplar caterpillars, 193
and relocation of government from New York to Philadelphia, 27–28
at Richmond Hill, 101
Benjamin Rush and, 29
and scientific standing of US, 117–18
and seeds for Elgin, 3, 270
and slavery, 109
swearing in for second term, 171
and Whiskey Rebellion, 66
at The Woodlands, 145
Jenkins, Amiel, 83
Jenner, Edward, 53
Jenner, William, 355n64
Job’s tears (Coix lacryma), 179
Josephine (empress of the French), 186, 238
Juglans (walnut), 235
Jumel, Eliza, 102n
Jussieu, Antoine-Laurent de, 42, 239
Jussieu, Bernard de, 42
Kalm, Pehr, 59, 99, 226, 289
Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel), 122, 161
Kimball, Moses, 302
King, Rufus, 125
King’s College, 16
Kip brothers, 245
Knickerbocker, Diedrich (pseudonym), 205, 251
Koch, Robert, 31
Lafayette, George Washington, 291
Lafayette, Marquis de, 72, 208, 291, 294
Lagerstroemia indica (crape myrtle), 180
La Guardia, Fiorello, 204n
Laurus camphora (camphor tree), 76, 235
Laurus cinnamomum (cinnamon tree), 182
Law, Thomas, 62, 300
Leander incident, 207
Le Conte, John Eatton, 240
Letters on the Elements of Botany Addressed to a Lady (Rousseau), 48
Leverian Museum (London, England), 152
Lewis, Meriwether; See also Lewis and Clark expedition
as governor of Louisiana Territory, 202
preparations for expedition, 147–50
Frederick Pursh and, 201–2
suicide of, 220
Lewis, Morgan, 155, 172–75, 206, 321
Lewis and Clark expedition
and Flora Americae Septentrionalis, 260
preparations for, 147–50
publication of findings, 259–60
Frederick Pursh and, 219
specimens from, 199–202
Lewis flax (Linum lewisii), 201
Lewisia rediviva (bitterroot), 201
licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), 235
Linnaean system
Samuel Bard and, 99
William Curtis and, 42–45
Alire Delile and, 330
Eddy brothers and, 141
Hosack and, 80
Jefferson and, 149
specimen cabinets, 58–59
Linnaeus (boat), 298
Linnaeus, Carl
and Joseph Banks, 57
and John Bartram, Sr., 95
Burr’s tour of home of, 223–24
and Hosack’s botany lectures, 82
and Linnean Society, 56
on medicinal properties of plants, 44
and sexual system of classification, 42; See also Linnaean system
specimen cabinets, 58–59
and strawberries, 196
Linnean Society of London, 56–60, 70–71, 259, 268–69
Linum lewisii (Lewis flax), 201
Linum usitatissimum (flax), 208
Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York, 260–62, 265, 277
Livingston, Brockholst, 115, 256, 261
Livingston, Edward, 79, 137, 321
Livingston, Edward P., 228–29
Livingston, Robert R., 73, 79, 121, 137–38
Lobelia siphilitica (great blue lobelia), 46, 59, 188
loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus), 134, 134
locust tree (Hymenaea courbaril), 182
Lombardy poplar (Populus dilatata or Populus nigra), 47, 192–94
Lords and Ladies (Arum maculatum), 43
Louisiana Purchase, 150
Louisiana Territory, 202
Louis XVI (king of France), 8, 72, 130, 131, 311
Lyceum of Natural History, 266, 276, 277, 291, 334n
Lycopodium (clubmoss), 235
Madge, John, 84
Madison, Dolley, 154, 277
Madison, James
botanical tour of New England, 30–31
and botany, 12
and Federalist Papers, 23
and Hosack’s biography of DeWitt Clinton, 303
Humboldt’s correspondence with, 157
inauguration of, 218
and New-York Horticultural Society, 292, 294
Peale and Humboldt’s dinner with, 153–54
and political polarization in NYC, 71
and relocation of government from New York to Philadelphia, 27–28
return to Virginia after Monroe’s inauguration, 277
and slavery, 109
and War of 1812, 251, 265
Magnolia cordata, 288
Magnolia macrophylla, 288
Mangin, Joseph-François, 146, 204
Maranta arundinacea (Indian arrowroot), 182
Marrubium vulgare (horehound), 190
Marshal, Andrew, 53–54, 54
marshmallow hibiscus (Hibiscus moscheutos), 189
Martineau, Harriet, 309, 312–15
Masten, John, 118
mastodon bones, 117–20, 120, 135
materia medica, 33, 90–93, 206
McComb, John, Jr., 116, 146
McKim, Mead and White, 322n, 324
McMahon, Bernard
and American Gardener’s Calendar, 176–80
death of, 269
Frederick Pursh and, 219
on Meriwether Lewis’s suicide, 220
and specimens from Lewis and Clark expedition, 201, 202
and Uppsala Botanic Garden, 239
medical b
otany, 35–37
Medical Repository, 176, 192, 193, 219
Medicina Britannica (Short), 95, 98
medicinal plants (generally); See also specific plants
and Bartram’s pharmacopoeia, 97–98
in Britain, 34–35
Curtis’s organization of, 45–46
Hosack’s plans for botanical garden, 2–3
Hosack’s study of chemical properties, 7
Linnaeus’s classification framework for, 44
during Renaissance, 36
melancholy toad-flax (Antirrhinum triste), 48
Mentha (mint), 188
Menyanthes trifoliata (bogbean or menyanthes), 35
Mercantile Advertiser, 123–24
Merchants’ Exchange (New York City), 312, 319
mercury, 20–21, 76, 84, 111, 216
Metropolitan Opera, 324–25
Michaux, André, 130–32
American Philosophical Society’s expedition proposal, 147, 198
in Charleston, SC, 131
death of, 186n
and Elgin specimens, 234
Flora Boreali-Americana, 131, 259
at The Woodlands, 145
Michaux, François André, 130, 130–32
Aaron Burr and, 238
Alire Delile and, 190–91, 329–30
and Elgin, 134–35, 193, 235
on Hosack’s European reputation, 270
Hosack’s proposal for expedition led by, 198
and New-York Horticultural Society, 294
western North Carolina expedition, 186
at The Woodlands, 145
Mifflin, Thomas, 87
Milbert, Jacques, 278
Mimosa sensitiva, 180
mint (Mentha), 188
Mitchill, Samuel Latham, 78
Samuel Bard and, 286
and bee colony, 315
on Aaron Burr, 171
DeWitt Clinton and, 113
and College of Physicians and Surgeons, 206, 209
and election of 1800, 115
and Elgin, 219, 232, 236, 256–57
and Erie Canal opening ceremonies, 289
and Hosack’s teaching post at Columbia, 77–79
and Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York, 261
and Lyceum of Natural History, 276
and Medical Repository, 176
and natural history, 206–7
and New-York Historical Society, 221, 283
and New-York Institution, 266
and Picture of New-York, 204–5
and poplar caterpillar scare, 192
Nicholas Romayne and, 244–45
Anne Royall and, 296
in Senate, 170
and yellow fever epidemic, 85–86
Mohawk (ship), 60–68
Mohawk River expedition, 241–43
Monroe, James, 105, 137, 150, 277, 278, 300
Montpellier, France, 329–30
Montúfar, Carlos, 152, 153
Moore, Clement Clarke, 272, 273, 286
Morgan, J.P., 333
morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), 140
Morris, Gouverneur, 166, 241, 260–61, 276
mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), 122, 161
mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris), 34–35
mullein (Verbascum), 188
Musa sapientum (banana tree), 234
myrrh, 76
myrtle (Myrica cerifera), 208–9
Napoleon Bonaparte (emperor of the French), 61, 131, 184–86
National Advocate, 273
National Museum of Natural History (Paris), 156
Native Americans, medicinal plants used by
American ginseng, 188
climbing bittersweet, 189
great blue lobelia, 46
holly tree, 97
pleurisy root, 95
roundleaf sundew, 189
Virginia snakeroot, 188
Nature (Emerson), 9
Nepeta cataria (catnip), 188
New Illustration of the Sexual System of Linnaeus (Thornton), 50
New-York Academy of Fine Arts
eviction from Government House, 265
Hosack and, 313
Washington Irving’s lambasting of, 205
Lafayette’s tour of, 291
James Monroe’s tour of, 277
Napoleon and, 138
Charles Willson Peale’s tour of, 275
New-York Agricultural Society, 283
New York Botanical Garden, 333–34
New York City
civic projects to improve international reputation of, 203–6
Delacoste’s Cabinet of Natural History, 151–52
development of urban landscape in 1818, 286–87
development over Hosack’s life, 10–11
and Embargo Act, 208
fire (1835), 319–20
Hosack’s work to improve cultural/scientific standing of, 136–38, 169–70, 204–6
political polarization in 1790s, 71–73
politics during Hosack’s early years, 25–28
rivalry with Philadelphia as cultural/scientific center, 11, 74, 136, 149, 152, 274, 278
in 1790s, 70–74
state of medicine during Hosack’s student days, 20–24
and War of 1812, 252, 264–65
yellow fever epidemic (1795), 82–89
yellow fever epidemic (1798), 109–12
New-York Daily Advertiser, 321
New-York Evening Post, 144
New York Evening Star, 144
New-York Farmer, and Horticultural Repository, 288
New-York Gazette, 110
New-York Herald, 199–200
New-York Historical Society
bicentennial of Hudson’s discovery of New York City, 221
Hosack’s election as president of, 283–85
and Hosack’s herbarium, 281
Hosack’s role in founding of, 11, 170, 313
Lafayette’s visit to, 291
James Monroe and, 277
Charles Willson Peale and, 276
relocation of, 265, 266
James Edward Smith and, 279
strawberry festival, 196n
and War of 1812, 264
New-York Horticultural Society
and John Quincy Adams’s interest in botany, 303
and Columbia’s involvement with Elgin, 303, 304
and Erie Canal celebration, 299
Hosack and, 287–89, 292–94, 298
André Parmentier and, 309
John Torrey’s election as president of, 332
New-York Hospital, 22, 90, 134–35, 283
New-York Institution
Lafayette’s tour of, 291
James Monroe’s tour of, 277
and New York–Philadelphia cultural rivalry, 274
origins of, 266
Charles Willson Peale and, 275, 277–78
New York Society for Promoting the Manumission of Slaves, 365–66n109
New York Society Library, 15
New York State Assembly
DeWitt Clinton’s advocacy of Elgin funding, 113–15
and election of 1800, 115
and Elgin funding, 171–72, 175, 209–10, 217–18, 225–32
Hosack’s appeal to have government buy Elgin, 209
payment to Hosack for Elgin, 282
New-York State Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, Arts, and Manufactures, 79–80, 99
nightshade (Nicandra physalodes), 133
nodding lizard’s tail (Saururus cernuus), 142, 281
North American Sylva (Michaux), 134
Notes on the State of Virginia (Jefferson), 148–49
Nuttall, Thomas, 108
Nymphaea caerulea (blue lotus), 185
oak (Quercus), 142, 143
obstetric care, 89–90
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 12, 324, 332, 398n300, 403n322
Oxalis acetosella (wood sorrel), 188
Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), 95, 18
8
Parke, Thomas, 106, 107, 145
Parkinsonia tree (Parkinsonia aculeata), 180
Park Theatre (New York), 123–24
Parmentier, André, 309–10, 313, 316, 322n, 332
passionflower (Passiflora), 234
Patriot (ship), 252
Paulus Hook, New Jersey, 18, 123, 178, 189, 274–75
Peale, Benjamin Franklin, 75
Peale, Charles Linnaeus, 75–76, 266
Peale, Charles Willson, 74–76
birth of Titian (2nd), 112
and Joseph Brant, 100
and Burr conspiracy, 211–12
death of, 301–2
and death of son Titian, 110
on difficulty of funding arts and sciences, 168
and grizzly bears, 207
and Alexander Hamilton’s death, 165–66
and Alexander von Humboldt, 152–54, 156–58
hydrocele treatment, 194–95
last years of, 300–301
and Lewis and Clark expedition specimens, 200
on Meriwether Lewis’s suicide, 220
and mastodon bones, 117–20, 149–50
museum of, See Peale’s Museum
in New York (1804), 158–60
in New York (1817), 274–78
and poplar caterpillars, 193
Peale, Hannah, 274–75
Peale, Linnaeus, See Peale, Charles Linnaeus
Peale, Raphaelle, 75, 110
Peale, Rembrandt
and death of Titian Peale, 110
and Hosack portrait, 75, 296
and mastodon bones, 119, 120, 135
and Peale’s Museum, 301
Peale, Rubens, 75, 120, 135, 301
Peale, Titian (1780–1798), 75, 110, 117
Peale, Titian (1799–1885), 112, 120, 301, 398n300
Peale’s Museum, 74–75, 207, 302
Pearson, Tommy, 53–54
Peck, William, 210
Pendleton, Nathaniel
and Hamilton-Burr duel, 155–56, 160–62
Hosack’s election as Fellow of the Royal Society, 269
Hosack’s treatment of son’s illness, 69
at New-York Historical Society, 221
Pendleton, Susan, 203
Pennsylvania Gazette, 95
Pennsylvania Hospital, 29
pepper (Capsicum annuum), 182
periwinkle (Vinca rosea), 180
persimmon tree (Diospyros virginiana), 307
Peruvian bark
boneset and, 256
effectiveness of, 19–20
for Philip Hamilton’s treatment, 105
need for US source, 7
origins of medicinal use, 2
for Nathaniel Pendleton’s son’s treatment, 69
and quinine, 20n
Peters, Richard, 138, 154, 158
pharmacopoeia, 97–98
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Bartram’s garden, 94–98
as center of natural history in late 1700s, 74–76
Hosack’s medical studies in, 28–31
Alexander von Humboldt in, 152–54, 156
poplar caterpillars, 192–93
rivalry with New York as cultural and scientific center, 11, 74, 136, 149, 152, 274, 278