7 Lloyds Register of Shipping, No. 93171.
8 Wilson, “William Thompson Kirkpatrick,” 33.
9 Since the late nineteenth century, these roles have become fused in American legal practice. An American attorney can act in either or both capacities.
10 Harford, The Opening of University Education to Women in Ireland, 78.
11 J. W. Henderson, Methodist College, Belfast, 1868–1938: A Survey and Retrospect. 2 vols. (Belfast: Governors of Methodist College, 1939), vol. 1, 120–30. Note that the school, though founded in 1865, did not open until 1868.
12 Ibid., vol. 1, 127. First Class Honours (often referred to simply as a “First”) in the British university examination system is equivalent to a GPA of 4.0 in the American system.
13 Belfast Telegraph, 28 September 1929.
14 See especially Lewis’s letter to Warren Lewis, 2 August 1928; Letters, vol. 1, 768–777, which is rich in such references.
15 W. H. Lewis, “Memoir of C. S. Lewis,” 2.
16 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 30 March 1915; Letters, vol. 1, 114.
17 All My Road before Me, 105.
18 Letter to Warren Lewis, 12 January 1930; Letters, vol. 1, 871.
19 Bleakley, C. S. Lewis at Home in Ireland, 53. Elsewhere Lewis suggests transferring Oxford to County Donegal, rather than Down: see, for example, his letter to Arthur Greeves, 3 June 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 313.
20 Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Literature, 126.
21 For other examples, see Clare, “C. S. Lewis: An Irish Writer,” 20–21.
22 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 8 July 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 325.
23 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 24 July 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 330.
24 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 31 August 1918; Letters, vol. 1, 394.
25 Surprised by Joy, 9.
26 W. H. Lewis, “Memoir of C. S. Lewis,” 1.
27 The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, 10–11.
28 Surprised by Joy, 6.
29 Ibid., 16.
30 Ibid., 17.
31 Ibid.
32 Ibid., 18.
33 Ibid.
34 James, The Varieties of Religious Experience, 380–381.
35 See the dedication of Tolkien’s poem “Mythopoiea”: Tolkien, Tree and Leaf, 85. The context of this poem makes it clear that this is a reference to Lewis: see Carpenter, J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography, 192–199.
36 Letter to Albert Lewis, 16 February 1918; Letters, vol. 1, 356.
37 Warnie would later have the same quotation inscribed on his brother’s gravestone in Oxford in 1963.
38 Surprised by Joy, 23.
39 The Magician’s Nephew, 166.
40 Surprised by Joy, 20.
41 Ibid., 22.
42 Letter to Francine Smithline, 23 March 1962; Letters, vol. 3, 1325. The two “horrid” schools were Wynyard School and Malvern College.
43 Sayer, Jack, 86.
44 Surprised by Joy, 26.
45 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 5 June 1914; Letters, vol. 1, 60.
46 Surprised by Joy, 37.
47 “Lewis Papers,” vol. 3, 40.
48 Surprised by Joy, 56.
49 Cherbourg School became part of Malvern College in 1992. The original site has since been sold for development.
50 Surprised by Joy, 82.
51 Ibid., 82.
52 Richard Wagner, Siegfried and The Twilight of the Gods, translated by Margaret Armour, illustrated by Arthur Rackham (London: Heinemann, 1911).
53 Surprised by Joy, 83.
54 Ibid., 38.
55 Letter to Albert Lewis, 8 July 1913; Letters, vol. 1, 28.
56 Surprised by Joy, 71.
57 Letter to Albert Lewis, 7 June 1913; Letters, vol. 1, 23.
58 Ian Wilson, “William Thompson Kirkpatrick,” 39.
59 The narrative can be found in Surprised by Joy, 95–135, taking up 18 percent of the text of the book.
60 This often led to boys regarded as effete “intellectuals”—such as Lewis—being victimised and bullied: see Mangan, Athleticism in the Victorian and Edwardian Public School, 99–121.
61 See Roberts, “Character in the Mind.”
62 Surprised by Joy, 11. Lewis and Warnie inherited this defect from their father. The condition (a form of metacarpophalangeal synostosis) is now sometimes referred to as symphalangism (Lewis type) on account of its association with Lewis: see Alessandro Castriota–Scanderbeg and Bruno Dallapiccola, Abnormal Skeletal Phenotypes: From Simple Signs to Complex Diagnoses (Berlin: Springer, 2006), 405.
63 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 5 June 1914; Letters, vol. 1, 59.
64 Surprised by Joy, 117.
65 The text of the poem is found in “Lewis Papers,” vol. 3, 262–263.
66 W. H. Lewis, “Memoir of C. S. Lewis,” 5.
67 Letter to Albert Lewis, 17 July 1929; Letters, vol. 1, 802.
68 Letter to Albert Lewis, 18 March 1914; Letters, vol. 1, 51.
69 Warren Lewis to Albert Lewis, 29 March 1914; “Lewis Papers,” vol. 4, 156.
70 Ibid., 157.
71 Surprised by Joy, 151.
72 Letter to Warren Lewis, 18 May 1907; Letters, vol. 1, 3–4.
73 Surprised by Joy, 151.
74 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 5 June 1914; Letters, vol. 1, 60.
75 Letter to Albert Lewis, 29 June 1914; Letters, vol. 1, 64.
76 Surprised by Joy, 158.
77 See Ian Wilson, “William Thompson Kirkpatrick.”
78 Queen’s College, Belfast, was incorporated into the Royal University of Ireland in 1879. It was reestablished as a separate institution by the Irish Universities Act of 1908, which dissolved the Royal University of Ireland and replaced it with the National University of Ireland and the Queen’s University of Belfast.
79 Surprised by Joy, 171.
80 Letter to Albert Lewis, 8 February 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 275.
81 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 12? October 1916; Letters, vol. 1, 230–231.
82 “Lewis Papers,” vol. 10, 219. Lewis’s comments are found in a three-page reflection on Greeves, possibly written around 1935, on pages 218–220.
83 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 18 October 1916; Letters, vol. 1, 235.
84 Lewis’s own account in Surprised by Joy incorrectly dates this as taking place in August 1915. See Hooper, C. S. Lewis: The Companion and Guide, 568.
85 Surprised by Joy, 208–209.
86 Letter to Albert Lewis, 28? May 1915; Letters, vol. 1, 125.
87 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 7 March 1916; Letters, vol. 1, 171.
88 Letter from Albert Lewis to William Kirkpatrick, 8 May 1916; “Lewis Papers,” vol. 5, 79–80. For Kirkpatrick’s earlier letter, dated 5 May, see “Lewis Papers,” vol. 5, 78–79.
89 Surprised by Joy, 214.
90 Letter to Albert Lewis, 7 December 1916; Letters, vol. 1, 262.
91 Letter to Albert Lewis, 28 January 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 267.
92 Aston, The History of the University of Oxford, vol. 6, 356.
93 Letter to Francine Smithline, 23 March 1962; Letters, vol. 3, 1325.
94 Surprised by Joy, 226.
95 Ibid., 183.
96 See Darwall-Smith, A History of University College, Oxford, 440–447.
97 Ibid., 443.
98 Letter to Albert Lewis, 28 April 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 296.
99 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 8 July 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 324.
100 Surprised by Joy, 216.
101 Lewis’s military record is held in the National Gallery (Public Records Office): War Office 339/105408.
102 Letter to Albert Lewis, 3 May 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 299.
103 Letter to Albert Lewis, 12 May 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 302.
104 Letter to Albert Lewis, 8 June 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 316.
105 Letter to Albert Lewis, 17 May 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 305.
106 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 13 May 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 304.
107 Letter to Albert Lewis, 3? June 1917; Letters, vol. 1
, 315.
108 Winifred Mary Letts, The Spires of Oxford and Other Poems (New York: Dutton, 1917), 3. Letts was “passing by” Oxford on a train.
109 War Office 372/4 12913.
110 King Edward VII School Magazine 15, no. 7 (May 1961).
111 Surprised by Joy, 217. Detailed records survive for C Company: Oxford University Officers’ Training Corps, Archive OT 1/1/1-11; OT 1/2/1-4. Little documentation has survived about E Company, in which Lewis served.
112 Oxford University Officers’ Training Corps Archives, Archive OT 1/1/1-11.
113 Strictly speaking, Keble was a “New Foundation,” with tutors rather than fellows. It was not until 1930 that Keble’s internal governance fell into line with that of other Oxford colleges.
114 Letter to Albert Lewis, 10? June 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 317.
115 Moore was born on 17 November 1898; Lewis on 29 November 1898.
116 Letter to Albert Lewis, 17? November 1918; Letters, vol. 1, 416. In fact, although Lewis did not know it, one of the four he believed to have been killed (Denis Howard de Pass) actually survived the war, becoming a dairy farmer in Sussex until his death in 1973.
117 Letter to Albert Lewis, 10? June 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 317; Letter to Arthur Greeves, 10 June 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 319.
118 Letter to Albert Lewis, 18 June 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 322.
119 “Lewis Papers,” vol. 5, 239.
120 Now held in the archives of Keble College, Oxford.
121 Battalion Orders No. 30, 15 June 1917, sheet 4.
122 See the instructions for platoon exercises issued in 1917 by the General Head-Quarters Small Arms School: Oxford University Officers’ Training Corps, Archive OT 1/8.
123 Battalion Orders No. 31, 20 June 1917, Part 2, sheet 1.
124 Battalion Orders No. 35, 13 July 1917, Part 2, sheet 5.
125 Battalion Orders No. 59, 30 November 1917, Part 2, sheet 1.
126 Letter to Albert Lewis, 24 July 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 329–330.
127 “C” Company No. 4 O. C. B. 1916–19 (Oxford: Keble College, 1920), 34. Keble College, KC/JCR H1/1/3.
128 In late July 1917, Lewis wrote to his father, remarking that the War Office had at last discovered his existence, and paid him seven shillings: Letter to Albert Lewis, 22 July 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 327. Perhaps this can be taken as an indication of the inadequate paperwork associated with this Cadet Battalion.
129 All My Road before Me, 125.
130 Note especially his letters to Arthur Greeves dated 3 June 1917 and 10 June 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 313, 319–320. The references to the “Visconte de Sade” were originally deleted by Greeves.
131 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 10 June 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 319. “s.” is an abbreviation of “shilling.”
132 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 28 January 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 269. This section of the letter was later deleted by Greeves.
133 Lewis hints at this in a letter of January 1917, in which he fantasises about “punishing” an unnamed member of Greeves’s family: Letter to Arthur Greeves, 31 January 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 271.
134 Letters to Arthur Greeves, 31 January 1917, 7 February 1917, 15 February 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 272, 274, 278. The significant letter of 28 January 1917, which discusses whipping, is not signed “Philomastix”: Letters, vol. 1, 269.
135 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 15 February 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 276.
136 Greeves’s pocket diaries (11.5 cm x 8 cm) for January 1917 to December 1918 are preserved in the Wade Center, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL. For this prayer, see entry for 8 July 1917; Arthur Greeves Diaries, 1-2.
137 Entry for 18 July 1917; Arthur Greeves Diaries, 1-2.
138 Lewis comments on this change in letters to his father, dated 18 September 1918 and 18 October 1918: Letters, vol. 1, 399–400, 408–409.
139 For comment and analysis, see King, C. S. Lewis, Poet, 52–97.
140 Spirits in Bondage, 25.
141 Walter Hooper, who edited the manuscript of this diary, later came to the view that the character he had transcribed as D was actually the Greek letter Delta, Δ. This suggests that Lewis had a private name for Mrs. Moore based on a Greek term beginning with this letter. Lewis is known to have used this device in other contexts. For example, in 1940, Lewis read a paper to an Oxford society titled “The Kappa Element in Romance.” Kappa is the initial letter of the Greek word kryptos, meaning “concealed” or “hidden.”
142 This battalion was designated as a “Special Reserve” unit, concerned primarily with military training, and remained in the United Kingdom throughout the Great War.
143 Battalion Orders No. 30, 15 June 1917, sheet 4. As noted earlier (page 59), these incorrect initials were altered to “E. F. C.” a week later. Note that the British system of dating, used in this entry, refers to “day/month/year” rather than the American reference to “month/day/year.”
144 “Lewis Papers,” vol. 5, 239.
145 Letter to Albert Lewis, 22 October 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 338.
146 Letter to Albert Lewis, 3 October 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 337.
147 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 28? October 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 339.
148 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 14 December 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 348.
149 Letter to Albert Lewis, 5 November 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 344.
150 Albert Lewis wondered if this was because Lewis was Irish: “Lewis Papers,” vol. 5, 247. A document of 22 May 1918 indicates that he was assigned to the 11th Brigade, 4th Division, of the 1st Somerset Light Infantry.
151 For detailed accounts from 1914, see Wyrall, The History of the Somerset Light Infantry; from 1916, see Majendie, History of the 1st Battalion Somerset Light Infantry. The 2nd Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry was stationed in India throughout the Great War.
152 Telegram to Albert Lewis, 15 November 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 345.
153 “Lewis Papers,” vol. 5, 247.
154 Letter to Albert Lewis, 13 December 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 347–348.
155 Letter to Albert Lewis, 4 January 1918; Letters, vol. 1, 352.
156 Surprised by Joy, 227.
157 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 3 June 1918; Letters, vol. 1, 378.
158 Darwall-Smith, History of University College, Oxford, 437.
159 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 30 May 1916; Letters, vol. 1, 187.
160 Letter to Albert Lewis, 16 February 1918; Letters, vol. 1, 356.
161 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 21 February 1918; Letters, vol. 1, 358–360.
162 Entry in the “memorandum” section of the diary for the week 17–23 March 1918; Arthur Greeves Diaries, 1-4.
163 Entry for 11 April 1918; Arthur Greeves Diaries, 1-4.
164 Entry for 31 April 1918; Arthur Greeves Diaries, 1-4.
165 For this assault, see Majendie, History of the 1st Battalion Somerset Light Infantry, 76–81; Wyrall, History of the Somerset Light Infantry, 293–295.
166 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 4? November 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 341–342.
167 Surprised by Joy, 229.
168 Majendie, History of the 1st Battalion Somerset Light Infantry, 81; Wyrall, History of the Somerset Light Infantry, 295.
169 “Lewis Papers,” vol. 5, 308. In a later letter to the War Office, Lewis stated that he was “severely wounded” on this occasion: Letter to the War Office, 18 January 1919; Letters, vol. 1, 424.
170 Warnie was promoted to captain on 29 November 1917, and retained this rank until his retirement in 1932, suggesting his subsequent military career was perhaps undistinguished.
171 “Lewis Papers,” vol. 5, 309.
172 For example, his remark that Greeves’s handwriting “is so like a girl’s”: Letter to Arthur Greeves, 14 June 1916; Letters, vol. 1, 193.
173 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 23 May 1918; Letters, vol. 1, 371. Text enclosed thus “< >” was deleted by Greeves, and subsequently restored on editing by Walter Hooper.
C. S. Lewis – A Life Page 42
