Bones of My Grandfather
Page 28
22. Elrod, Col. Roy H. USMC (ret.), interview with the author, October 23, 2015.
23. Price, Harry, letter to Frances Berry Bonnyman, August 30, 1943.
24. Bonnyman letter, March 9, 1943.
25. Griswold letter, July 31, 1952.
26. Bonnyman letter, September 22, 1943.
27. Griswold letter, July 31, 1952.
28. Campbell, Mike. Amelia Earhart: The Truth at Last. (Boiling Springs, Pennsylvania: Sunbury Press, 2012).
29. New York Times, “Shoup defends Tarawa Tactics 20 Years After Marines’ Battle,” November 21, 1963.
30. New York Times, “Grim Tarawa Defense a Surprise, Eyewitness of Battle Reveals,” December 4, 1943.
31. Griswold letter, July 31, 1952.
Twelve
1. Hylton, Wil S., “The Long Road Back,” New York Times Magazine, November 24, 2013.
2. Noah, Mark, interview with the author, July 18, 2013.
3. Noah interview, March 25, 2013.
4. Owens, Darryl E. “Taps for man’s lost WWII cousin brings closure,” Sun Sentinel, May 27, 2013.
5. Noah, The Lost Graves of Tarawa, 60.
6. Alexander, Utmost Savagery, 138.
7. Corbett, Kantaake Kerry, interview with the author, April 28, 2013.
8. Belcher interview, September 6, 2015.
Thirteen
1. Stockman, Capt. James R., The Battle for Tarawa (Quantico, Virginia: Historical Section, Division of Public Information, Headquarters, USMC, 1947), 29
2. After Action report, Headquarters, Second Marine Division, Fleet Marine Force, In the Field, December 23, 1943.
3. Alexander, Col. Joseph, USMC (ret.), “Across the Reef: The Marine Assault of Tarawa,” Marine Corps Historical Center, Washington, D.C., 1993.
4. Salazar, Lt. Col. Chester J., “Report of LTSPCO 2nd Marines,” December 22, 1943.
5. Hammel and Lane, Bloody Tarawa, 20.
6. Olson, Donald W., “The Tide at Tarawa,” Sky and Telescope, November 1987.
7. Alexander, Utmost Savagery, 76.
8. Ladd, Lt. Col. Dean USMC (ret.), interview with the author, October 8, 2012.
9. Hart, Elwin B, interview with the author, August 28, 2015.
10. Alexander, Utmost Savagery, 5.
11. Bale, Ed, interview with the author, July 14, 2013.
12. Salazar report, December 22, 1943.
13. Newcomb, Sgt. Obie Jr., letter to Edna Schneider, March 23, 1944.
14. Newcomb letter, March 23, 1944.
15. Alexander, Utmost Savagery, 148.
16. Hammel and Lane, Bloody Tarawa, 140.
17. Johnston, Follow Me!, 132.
18. Stockman, The Battle for Tarawa, 29.
19. Stockman, The Battle for Tarawa, 33.
20. Salazar report, December 22, 1943.
21. Medal of Honor citation for Sandy Bonnyman.
22. Alexander, Utmost Savagery, 187.
23. Newcomb, letter, March 23, 1944.
24. Stockman, The Battle for Tarawa, 34.
25. USMC, “First Lieutenant Alexander Bonnyman,” January 16, 1947.
26. Medal of Honor citation for William Deane Hawkins.
27. Dent, J.L. Jr., letter to J.K. Dent, February 6, 1944.
28. Sheppard, Marvin, interview with the author, August 20, 2010.
29. Sherrod, Tarawa, 142.
30. Clampitt, Max, interview with the author, June 4, 2011.
31. Stockman, The Battle for Tarawa, 41.
Fourteen
1. Elrod interview, October 23, 2015.
2. Hatch, Norman, interview with the author, July 15, 2010.
3. Elrod interview, October 23, 2015.
4. Hammel and Lane, 229.
5. Elrod interview, October 23, 2015.
6. Alexander, Utmost Savagery, 188.
7. Alexander, Joseph, interview with the author, May 26, 2014.
8. Hammel and Lane, Bloody Tarawa, 233.
9. Szwet, Karl, interview with the author, June 15, 2014.
10. Newcomb, Sgt. Obie Jr., letter to Edna Schneider, May 23, 1944.
11. Elrod interview, October 23, 2015.
12. Elrod interview, October 23, 2015.
13. Sheppard interview, August 18, 2010.
14. Jackson, Col. Gilder D. Jr., letter to Josephine Bonnyman, January 4, 1944.
15. Jacobs, Bruce, “The Island Hoppers, The Story of the Second Marine Division,” Saga: True Adventures for Men, November 1955.
16. Shaw, Henry I. Tarawa: A Legend is Born, (New York: Ballantine, 1968), 115.
17. Manchester, William. Goodbye Darkness: A Memoir of the Pacific War (New York, 1979), 283.
18. Alexander, Col. Joseph, interview with the author, May 26, 2014.
19. Crowe, Maj. Henry P., Medal of Honor recommendation for Alexander Bonnyman, Jr., December 27, 1943.
20. Alexander, Utmost Savagery, 188.
21. Alexander, Utmost Savagery, 190.
22. Hammel and Lee, Bloody Tarawa, 233.
23. Hammel, Eric and John E. Lane, “Third Day on Red Beach,” Marine Corps Gazette, November 1970. 22.
24. Niehoff, Harry, letter to Alix Prejean, October 1994.
25. Niehoff letter, October 1994.
26. Hammel and Lee, Bloody Tarawa, 234.
27. Niehoff, Harry, letter to Joseph Alexander, February 27, 1994.
28. Alexander, Joseph, letter to Fran Bonnyman Evans, April 5, 1994.
29. Niehoff letter, October 1994.
30. Sheppard interview, August 20, 2010.
31. Nimitz, Adm. C.W., Silver Star citation for Harry H.W. Niehoff.
32. Hedges, Chris, interview with the author, December 27, 2010.
33. Niehoff, Harry, letter to Alix Prejean, November 1994.
34. Niehoff letter, November 1994.
Fifteen
1. Stockman, The Battle of Tarawa, 47.
2. Alexander, “Across the Reef: The Marine Assault of Tarawa.”
3. Niven interview, December 11, 2011.
4. New York Times, “Scenes of Horror Remain on Betio,” November 28, 1943.
5. Noah, The Lost Graves of Tarawa. 14.
6. Newcomb, Sgt. Obie Jr., letter to Edna Schneider, May 7, 1944.
7. Newcomb letter, May 7, 1944.
8. Boos letter, April 20, 1944.
9. Sheppard interview, August 18, 2010.
10. The Center for the Study of War and Society, “War Stories: Kyle Campbell Moore: Homegrown Hero,” University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Fall 2010. 1–2.
11. Moore, Katherine, interview with the author, June 4, 2011.
12. “Kyle Campbell Moore: Homegrown Hero,” 2.
13. Moore interview, June 4, 2011.
14. Moore interview, June 4, 2011.
15. Moore interview, June 4, 2011.
16. DPAA, report on Alexander Bonnyman, Jr., May 2015.
Sixteen
1. Niven interview, December 11, 2012.
2. Emmons, Mark, “Search for World War II hero’s remains hinges on South Bay man’s research,” San Jose Mercury News, August 14, 2013.
3. Belcher interview, September 6, 2015.
4. Noah interview, July 18, 2013.
5. Burns, Robert, “MIA work ‘acutely dysfunctional,” Associated Press, July 7, 2013.
6. Burns, “MIA work ‘acutely dysfunctional.”
7. McCloskey, Megan, “The World War II Hero America Abandoned,” ProPublica, March 21, 2014.
8. US Government Accounting Office, “DOD’S POW/MIA MISSION: Top-Level Leadership Attention Needed to Resolve Longstanding Challenges in Accounting for Missing Persons from Past Conflicts,” July 17, 2013.
9. Dedman, Bill, “Pentagon unit held ‘phony’ ceremonies for MIAs, using planes that can’t fly,” NBCnews.com, October 10, 2013.
10. Baker, Kristen N., interview with the author, August 16, 2015.
11. Baker interview, August 16, 2015.
12. Baker interview, August 16, 2015.
13. Baker int
erview, August 16, 2015.
14. Global Post, “Kiribati president says climate change is shrinking his country,” September 4, 2013
15. Tong, President Anote, interview with the author, November 20, 2013.
16. Hylton, “The Long Road Back.”
17. Hewitt, Anthony, email to the author, December 13, 2013.
Seventeen
1. Bonnyman, Alexander, Sr., letter to Fred E. Gore et al, January 26 1944.
2. Clerou, Capt. Joseph, letter to Alexander Bonnyman, Sr., January 15, 1944.
3. Newcomb, Sgt. Obie Jr., letter to Alexander and Frances Bonnyman, May 27, 1944.
4. Spellman, Archbishop Francis, letter to Alexander Bonnyman, January 17, 1944.
5. Russell, James H., letter to Alexander Bonnyman, February 3, 1943 (sic; 1944).
6. Clerou, Capt. Joseph, letter to Alexander Bonnyman, Jr., February 17, 1944.
7. Stanley, Isabel Bonnyman, “I Was a War Baby,” unpublished.
8. Bonnyman, Frances Berry, letter to Josephine Russell, August 5, 1946.
9. Bonnyman, Josephine, telegram to Lt. Gen. Thomas Holcomb, January 2, 1944.
10. Stanley, “I Was a War Baby.”
11. Russell, Josephine, letter to Frances Bonnyman, March 4, 1944.
12. Russell letter, March 4, 1944.
13. Bell, Blanche Brown, letter to Frances Berry Bonnyman, May 24, 1944.
14. McKeon interview, September 6, 2010.
15. Bonnyman, George Gordon, letter to Isabel Bonnyman, March 20, 1944.
16. Bonnyman, Alexander, Sr., letter to 2nd Lt. M.G. Craig, April 6, 1944.
17. Casualty card for Alexander Bonnyman, Jr.
18. Craig, 2nd Lt. M.G., letter to Alexander Bonnyman, Sr., March 27, 1944.
19. Commanding General FMF Pacific to Commandant of the Marine Corps, memorandum, April 24, 1945.
20. Craig, 2nd Lt. M.G., letter to Josephine Bonnyman, January 5, 1944.
21. Routh, Lt. Col. D., letter to Alexander Bonnyman, Sr., June 6, 1946.
22. Noah, The Lost Graves of Tarawa, 11.
23. Allen, Donald K. DVM, “Betio Cemetery—Tarawa’s Missing in Action,” tarawatheaftermath.com.
24. Bonnyman, Alexander, Sr., letter to Father C.P. Murray, November 6, 1946.
25. McGuire, Bob, letter to the editor, Life, July 7, 1947.
26. McGuire, Bob, letter to Clara Hood, November 4, 1947.
27. Bonnyman, George Gordon, letter to AGRS Officer, September 22, 1947.
28. Heil, Lt. Col. John H. Jr., letter to George Gordon Bonnyman, October 30, 1947.
29. Robinson, Lt. H.H., “Dental Officer’s Report on Identification Operation on Tarawa,” May 31, 1946.
30. “Tarawa Summary, Invasion Casualties,” DPAA, March 11, 2015.
31. Eisensmith, 1st Lt. Ira, memorandum to Chief, Memorial Branch, Quartermaster Section, Army Forces, Middle Pacific, July 3, 1946.
32. Shoup, Col. David M., letter to Gen. Julian C. Smith, September 4, 1946
33. Smith, Gen. Julian C., letter to Col. David M. Shoup, August 31, 1946.
34. Marine Quartermaster General’s Memorial Branch “Discrepancy Cases—Tarawa 8 June 1950.”
35. Proceedings of AGRS Board of Review, February 28, 1949.
36. Marsden, Lt. (jg) W.E., memorandum to Commandant, US Marine Corps, October 4, 1949.
37. Newcomb, Sgt. Obie Jr., letter to Alexander Bonnyman, Sr., July 15, 1945.
38. Bonnyman, George Gordon, letter to Leroy Kain, December 28, 1965.
39. Kain, Leroy, letter to George Gordon Bonnyman, January 14, 1966.
40. Bonnyman, Alexander (son of George Gordon Bonnyman), interviews with the author, passim.
41. Biddle, Attorney General Francis, letter to Alexander Bonnyman, Sr., January 14, 1944.
42. Sherrod, Robert, letter to Alexander Bonnyman, Sr., March 22, 1948.
43. Nierle, President James E., Navy Department Board of Decorations and Medals, email, March 29, 2015.
44. Vandegrift, Lt. Gen. A.A., letter to Josephine Bell Russell, May 10, 1944
45. Bonnyman, Alexander, Sr., letter to John W. Gunn, November 7, 1946.
46. Russell, Josephine, letter to Frances Berry Bonnyman, undated.
47. Vandegrift, Gen. A.A., letter to Josephine Bell Russell, October 23, 1946.
48. Bonnyman, Alexander, Sr., letter to John W. Gunn, November 7, 1946.
Eighteen
1. Hylton, “The Long Road Back,” 32.
2. Noah, Mark, interview with the author, February 7, 2015.
3. Noah, Mark, interview with the author, February 7, 2015.
4. Noah interview, February 7, 2015.
5. Frye, John, interview with the author, August 16, 2015.
6. Editorial Board, “Illinois Marines who died 72 years apart are mourned this Memorial Day,” Chicago Tribune, May 25, 2015.
7. Dedman, Bill, “Pentagon reorganizes effort to ID MIAs after NBC News series,” NBCNews.com, March 31, 2014.
8. Baker, Kristen N., interview with the author, August 16, 2015.
9. Baker interview, August 16, 2015.
10. Baker interview, August 16, 2015.
11. Niven, Tarawa’s Gravediggers, 213.
12. Noah, Mark, interview with the author, June 5, 2015.
13. Baker, Kristen N., interview with the author, May 20, 2015.
14. Baker interview, May 18, 2015.
Nineteen
1. Sherrod, Robert, telegram to Alexander Bonnyman, Sr., November 21, 1948.
2. Bonnyman, George Gordon, Piehl and Bracken interview, 53.
3. McKeon interview, September 6, 2010.
4. Colley, Safely Rest, 6.
5. Gomez, Capt. Don, interview with the author, June 16, 2011.
6. Hemingway, Ernest and Hemingway, Sean (editor), Hemingway on War (New York: Scribner, 2004).
7. Hathaway, William T., interview with the author, December 9, 2010.
8. Bell, Blanche Brown, letter to Frances Berry Bonnyman, May 24, 1944.
9. Prejean, Alix and Evans, Frances Bonnyman, interviews with the author, passim.
10. Prejean, Alix, interview with the author, August 16, 2015.
11. Russell letter, April 1951.
12. McAllister, Margot, interview with the author, June 19, 2014.
13. Santa Fe New Mexican, obituary for James H. Russell, September 3, 2000.
14. Bonnyman, Alexander, Sr., letter to John J. Rowe, November 7, 1946.
15. Bonnyman, George Gordon, Piehler and Bracken interview.
16. Prejean, Alix, interview with the author, August 16, 2015.
Twenty
1. Muster roll for 2nd Marine Division, 2nd Battalion, 18th Regiment, November 30, 1943.
2. Parsons, Hillary, “Biological Profile Report: HF-2015-028,” June 19, 2015.
3. Parsons, Hillary, interview with the author, February 23, 2016.
4. Freas, Laurel, “Forensic Anthropology Report: CIL, 2015-125-I-22,” DPAA, August 10, 2015.
5. Baker, Kristen N., email to the author, August 27, 2015.
6. Reedy, Capt. Edward A., email to the author, September 18, 2015.
7. Reedy email, September 18, 2015.
8. Alexander interview, May 23, 2014.
9. Clerou George, email to the author, October 21, 2010.
10. Wright, Derrick, Tarawa, 20–23 November 1943: A Hell of a Way to Die, (London: Windrow & Greene, 1997), 151–152.
11. McCloskey, “The World War II Hero America Abandoned.”
Twenty-One
1. Boylan, Rich, interview with the author, November 30, 2014.
2. Rasdorf, Katherine T., interview with the author, August 13, 2014.
3. Jowdy, Laura S., email to the author, April 7, 2014.
4. Salazar, Lt. Col. Chester, officer fitness report on Alexander Bonnyman, Jr., October 1, 1943.
5. Boylan, Rich, interview with the author, October 7, 2014.
6. Minutes, Horne Board January-September 1946.
7. Hammel, Eri
c, email to the author, June 26, 2013.
8. Horne board minutes, January 8, 1946.
9. Horne board minutes, January 11, 1946.
10. Horne board minutes, June14, 1946.
11. Nierle email, March 29, 2015.
12. Nierle email, March 29, 2015.
13. Reid, Cmdr. J. Gordon USN, letter to Frances Berry Bonnyman, September 28, 1946.
14. Reid letter, September 28, 1946.
15. US Marine Corps, memorandum to CINCPAC (Commander in Chief, Pacific Command), October 10, 1944.
16. Shoup, Gen. David M. with James A. Donovan, “The New American Militarism,” Atlantic Monthly (April 1969), 51–56.
17. Shoup, Gen. David M., hand-written note “The New American Militarism,” David M. Shoup archives, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
18. Astore, William, interview with the author, July 6, 2014.
19. Bonnyman, Frances Berry, letter to Col. David M. Shoup, October 3, 1946.
20. Bonnyman letter, October 3, 1946.
21. Bonnyman, Alexander Sr., letter to Col. David M. Shoup, January 24, 1947.
22. Shoup, Col. David M., letter to Frances Berry Bonnyman, March 24, 1947.
23. Shoup letter, March 24, 1947.
Twenty-Two
1. Stone, Rick, letter to the author, October 11, 2012.
2. Senn, David R., “Forensic Odontology Report: HF-2015-028,” June 17, 2015.
3. Senn report, June 17, 2015.
4. Linnington, Lt. Gen. Michael S., telephone conversation with the author, June 26, 2015.
5. Walker, Dr. Chet, interview with the author, February 23, 2016.
6. Prejean, Alix, interview with the author, June 4, 2010.
7. Miller, Michael E., “Golden ending: How one man discovered his war hero grandfather’s long lost grave,” Washington Post, July 2, 2015.
8. Headman letter, August 26, 1932.
9. Banks letter, February 29, 1944.
10. Boling, Sgt. Justin M., “Never left behind, forgotten: Honorary Marine recognized for bringing brothers home,” US Marine Corps, July 26, 2015.
INDEX
1st Lt. Alex Bonnyman, 8, 208
604th Quartermaster Graves Registration Company, 185
Abatao Island (Tarawa Atoll), 134-35
Abemama Island, 33, 185
Adriatic, 40
Agence France Presse, 243
Aleutian Islands, 19, 164
Albertson, Eric, 129, 254
Albuquerque, 89, 107, 192
Albuquerque Morning Journal, 273
Alexander, Joseph, 7-9, 10, 12, 85, 95, 132, 145, 151-52, 155, 156, 157-58, 224-25, 256