Perkin
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Edward IV a bastard: See Clarence’s attainder, Rot. Parl., vol. 6, p. 194; Mancini, Usurpation, p. 75 and n. 12; Commines, Mémoires, book 4, ch. viii.
Transfer of Richard’s titles: CPR EIV/EV/RIII, pp. 358, 363, 388, 403; CCR EIV/EV/RIII, p. 317; Rymer, Foedera, vol. 12, p. 190. ‘Edward the Bastard’: CPR EIV/EV/RIII, pp. 375, 495. Thanks to Peter Hammond for help with the legalities at this point.
Galmole’s new post: CPR EIV/EV/RIII, p. 461.
The chantry’s prayers: Ibid., p. 259.
Norfolk at the coronation: EH, p. 380. Robes altered: Milles, ‘Wardrobe Accounts’, p. 368.
Day by day ‘more rarely’: Mancini, Usurpation, p. 113.
Richard’s death: CPR HVII, vol. 1, p. 308. Provision for it: CCR EIV/EV/RIII, p. 171 (1479).
1485 Act of Attainder: P. W. Hammond & W. J. White, ‘The Sons of Edward IV: A re-examination of the evidence on their deaths and on the bones in Westminster Abbey’, in Loyalty, Lordship and Law, p. 109.
The Princes in the Tower: The best modern account of the controversy is A. J. Pollard, Richard III and the Princes in the Tower (Stroud, 1991). See also Hammond & White, ‘Sons of Edward IV’, esp. pp. 104–12.
Men breaking into tears: Mancini, Usurpation, p. 115.
The chancellor of France: L&P, vol. 1, p. xxv.
‘some unknown manner’: Croyland, p. 491.
Bristol rumours: Robert Ricart, The Maire of Bristowe is Kalendar, ed. Lucy Toulmin Smith, Camden Society 230 (1872), p. 46.
Castilian visitor: Anthony Goodman & Angus Mackay, ‘A Castilian Report on English Affairs, 1486’, EHR, vol. 88 (1973), p. 92 and n.
French rumour: Hammond & White, ‘Sons of Edward IV’, p. 108. Rui de Sousa: PI, vol. 4, p. 526. Fabyan’s theories: GC, pp. 209, 212, 213; Gairdner, Richard III, pp. 118–28.
‘everyone’ thought so: Letter of August 25th 1493 in BN Fonds Espagnol 318, f. 83; A. Morel-Fatio, ‘Marguerite d’York et Perkin Warbeck’, Mélanges d’histoire offerts à Charles Bemont (Paris, 1913), p. 414. Thanks to Christine Weightman for this reference.
Brampton’s opinions: PI, vol. 4, p. 527.
Buckingham hints: Croyland, p. 487; Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 2, p. 403; Richard Firth Green, ‘Historical Notes of a London Citizen, 1483–1488’, EHR, vol. 96 (1981), p. 588; Commines, Mémoires, book 6, ch. viii; L&P, vol. 2, pp. xv–xvi. Rebellions: Croyland, pp. 490–1.
The bones: For the original report of the forensic evidence, see Lawrence Turner & Professor Wright, Archaeologia lxxxiv (1934), pp. 1–26. The fullest analysis of these findings is by Hammond & White, ‘Sons of Edward IV’, pp. 112–47.
Richard’s new appointments: CPR EIV/EV/RIII, pp. 484, 514. His warrant: Pamela Tudor-Craig, Richard III (catalogue of the National Portrait Gallery exhibition, 1973), pp. 54–5, 98.
Conspiracy to free the princes: Michael Hicks, ‘Unweaving the Web: The plot of July 1483 against Richard III and its wider significance’, The Ricardian, vol. xi, no. 114 (1991), pp. 106–9.
Brackenbury’s appointment: Rymer, Foedera, vol. 12, p. 219.
‘false and contrived inventions’: Hammond & White, ‘Sons of Edward IV’, p. 108.
Von Popplau: Livia Visser-Fuchs, review of Reisenbeschreibung Niclas von Popplau, The Ricardian, vol. xi, no. 145 (1999), p. 529.
Tyrell’s reward: Rosemary Horrox & P. W. Hammond, eds, British Library Harleian Manuscript 433, 4 vols (Richard III Society, 1979–83), vol. 3, nos 2050, 2063. The services in Flanders (2050) and the reward are not explicitly connected, but the entries for both are in mid-January 1484.
Warwick rumours: Scofield, Edward IV, vol. 2, p. 8.
Bayard: Skelton, ‘Philip Sparrow’, ls 655–9.
‘some secret land’: AH, p. 13 n.
Elizabeth Woodville’s ‘accommodation’: Pollard, Princes, pp. 132–3, though he suggests that this was an ‘insurance policy’ and proves that Elizabeth thought her sons were dead.
Her smuggling of Richard: More, Richard III, pp. 42–3, 49–50, 60.
Troops round the sanctuary: L&P, vol. 2, p. xv.
1490 rumours: GC, p. 244.
‘God’s might’: In his proclamation of September 1496: BL MS Harleian 283, f. 123r; Bacon, Henry VII (in Spedding’s edition), App. II, p. 252.
Standards: CSPM, p. 326.
Parron’s mockery: C. A. J. Armstrong, ‘An Italian Astrologer at the Court of Henry VII’, in England, France and Burgundy in the Fifteenth Century (1983), p. 174; William Parron, Anni MD pronosticon (Bodleian, Oxford), sig. b, ir.
Charles the Bold: Georges Chastellain & Jean Molinet, Recollection des merveilleuses advenues en nostre temps, in M. de Barante, Ducs de Bourgogne, vol. 10, no. lxxix, p. 195.
Prophecies of Richard: Gairdner, Memorials, p. 66; Three Books of Polydore Vergil’s English History, ed. Henry Ellis (Camden Society, 1844), p. 167.
Ward’s later prophecies: See pp. 428 and 430 of this book.
Yorkist prophecies: Alison Allan, ‘Yorkist Propaganda: pedigree, prophecy and the “British History” in the reign of Edward IV’, in Ross, Patronage, pp. 182–4.
The dead man: Arthurson, Perkin Warbeck, p. 61; C. W. Previté-Orton, ‘An Elizabethan Prophecy’, History, vol. 2, Apr. 1917–Jan. 1918, pp. 210–11.
filz d’Angleterre: de Barante, Ducs de Bourgogne, vol. 10, no. cxxiii, p. 218.
‘first mover’: BL MS Add 46435, f. 137r.
el primer inventor: Zurita, Historia (see Notes, p. 480), vol. 5, p. 170.
Taylor the elder’s capture: CSPV, p. 285.
The ‘strange Child’: Rot. Parl., vol. 6, p. 194.
Taylor the elder’s jobs: CPR EIV/EV/RIII, pp. 129, 521.
Taylor the younger’s career: Ibid., pp. 236, 261, 355, 544; CPR HVII, vol. 1, p. 258; Campbell, Materials, vol. 1, pp. 200–1.
Warwick with Henry’s mother: PRO E 404/79/337 (warrant of Feb. 24th); Campbell, Materials, vol. 1, p. 311.
His shoes: Nicolas, Privy Purse, pp. 157, 158–9.
a goose from a capon: AH, p. 115 n.
1499 sightings: See Ch. 9, passim, and notes.
Rumours after Bosworth: ‘A Castilian Report’ (see Notes, p. 484), pp. 93, 96–7. Spies in the ports: Campbell, Materials, vol. 1, pp. 29–31.
Stafford’s plot: C. H. Williams, ‘The Rebellion of Humphrey Stafford in 1486’, EHR xliii (1928), pp. 181–9.
Simnel: Michael J. Bennett, Lambert Simnel and the Battle of Stoke (Gloucester, 1987). Gordon Smith in The Ricardian, vol. x, no. 135 (December 1996), pp. 498–536, argues – ingeniously, but on slender evidence – that the boy in Dublin may have been Edward V, and Simnel a substitute.
make a priest of him: CSPM, p. 325.
Warwick in St Paul’s: AH, p. 19. The second display: ‘Notes of a London Citizen’ (see Notes, p. 484), p. 589.
Molinet on Warwick and York: Chroniques, vol. 3, pp. 152–6.
Henry on Lincoln: AH, pp. 26–7. ‘compassings, conspiracies’: J. R. Lander, Government and Community, England 1450–1509 (1980), p. 334.
Henry to the pope: CSPV, p. 165.
Irish oaths of allegiance: CPR HVII, vol. 1, p. 225.
Actions against Elizabeth Woodville: PRO E 404/78/179; Campbell, Materials, vol. 2, p. 148. She was paid an annuity instead: PRO E 405/78, mem. 4r; E 404/79/130; Campbell, Materials, vol. 2, pp. 225, 379.
Reversal of the bastardisation: Rot. Parl. vol. 6, p. 289; Campbell, Materials, vol. 1, pp. 122–3.
‘Contrived and forged tales’: L&P, vol. 2, App. IV (1486); CPR HVII, vol. 1, p. 108.
The northern rebellion: Michael J. Bennett, ‘Henry VII and the Northern Rising of 1489’, EHR no. 105 (1990), pp. 34–55.
Chamberlain’s plot: Rot. Parl., p. 455; GC, p. 244; LC, p. 195. His loyalty: CCR EIV/EV/RIII, p. 401; CPR HVII, vol. 1, pp. 104, 106.
Bishop of Durham: Barrie Williams, ‘Richard III’s Other Palatinate: John Shirwood, Bishop of Durham’, The Ricardian, vol. ix, no. 115 (Dec. 1991), pp. 166–9.
Henry’s letter: L&P, vol. 1, pp. 98–9.<
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Chamberlain’s extraction: PRO E 404/80/373. Pardons of his sons: CPR HVII, vol. 1, p. 345.
The Duke of York rumour: GC, p. 244 (a marginalium adds ‘Initium Perkin’); Ware, Antiquities, p. 16; Samuel de Carteret, Chronique (1585), in George Syvret, Chroniques des îles de Jersey, Guernsey, Auregny et Sark (Guernsey, 1832), p. 23. Thanks to C. S. L. Davies for this reference.
Raised from the dead: AH, p. 57.
Margaret’s duties: Christine Weightman, Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy 1446–1503 (Gloucester, 1989), esp. chs. 3–5, passim.
‘fallen from the royal summit’: BN Fonds Espagnol 318, f. 83; Morel-Fatio, ‘Marguerite d’York’ (see Notes, p. 484), p. 415.
Juno and Aeneas:HRHS, esp. pp. 65–9, 309, 315–21.
‘spite never dies’: Ibid., p. 65. Vergil’s similar thought: AH, p. 17.
‘made a man’: AH, p. 62 n. ‘pretty Perkin’: Hall, Chronicle, p. 466. ‘ideally shaped’: Weightman, Margaret of York, pp. 64–5 and n.
Rarely together: Herman Vander Linden, Itinéraires de Charles Duc de Bourgogne, Marguerite d’York et Marie de Bourgogne (1467–1477), Académie Royale de Belgique: Commission Royale d’Histoire (Brussels, 1936), pp. 49–58. Surprise supper: ADN inv. S. 51, B3434.
Charles’s wars: Commines, Mémoires, book 5, ch. ix.
Margaret’s prayers: Weightman, Margaret of York, p. 65; Wim Blockmans, ‘The Devotions of a Lonely Duchess’ in Margaret of York, Simon Marmion and the Visions of Tondal (Malibu, California, 1992), pp. 29–46.
St Josse-ten-Noode: Ibid., pp. 49–50; Weightman, Margaret of York, p. 65. Thanks to Christine Weightman for extra information about this palace. Sir John Paston’s report: Paston Letters, vol. 4, no. 826 (February 3rd 1473).
French rumours: CSPM, p. 124 and n.
Philip’s christening: Weightman, Margaret of York, pp. 131–2.
The Malines receiver’s child: AN CC11613, 18th register, f. 11v.
Margaret/ Charles V: Luc Hommel, Marguerite d’York ou la duchesse Junon (Paris, 1960), pp. 303, 333.
Margaret’s role: AH, p. 63; HRHS, p. 68.
The snow-child: Les cent nouvelles nouvelles, ed. Le Roux de Lincy (Paris, 1841), pp. 152–7.
Frion: C. S. L. Davies & Mark Ballard, ‘Etienne Frion: Burgundian Agent, English Royal Secretary and “Principal Counsellor” to Perkin Warbeck’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, vol. lxii (1989), passim; HRHS, p. 65; CPR HVII, vol. 1, pp. 17, 118; Rymer, Foedera, vol. xii, p. 347. His complaint: Campbell, Materials, vol. 2, p. 60.
André on co-plotters: HRHS, pp. 65–6. The boy trained in England: Ibid., p. 72. Frion as agent: Davies & Ballard, ‘Frion’, pp. 257–8.
Frion’s departure: Campbell, Materials, vol. 2, p. 505; CSPV, p. 183.
Charles VIII/ James IV: John Lesley, The History of Scotland from the death of King James I . . . to the year [1561] (Edinburgh, 1830), p. 63.
Margaret to the pope: L&P, vol. 1, App. A, p. 396. Joash: II Kings, Ch. 11, vv. 1–4.
Molinet on Margaret’s nephews: de Barante, Ducs de Bourgogne, vol. 10, no. cxiii, pp. 213–14.
‘the son of Clarence’: Weightman, Margaret of York, p. 158.
Margaret/ Brampton: Davies & Ballard, ‘Frion’, p. 255.
Charles the Bold/ Portugal: Chastellain, Chronique, 1464, 1466–8, 1470, in Oeuvres, vol. 5, p. 453.
Delegation to Scotland: RMS, nos 1738, 1798. The entries for James’s reign start at no. 1731, and no. 1738 is the first use of the great seal other than for appointments of his officers. See also Patrick Fraser Tytler, History of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1831), vol. 4, pp. 371–2.
The letter to James: TA, p. 99.
The English herald: Ibid., p. 130.
Robinson: Bennett, Lambert Simnel, pp. 103, 108, 125.
Actively spreading the rumour: Bacon, Henry VII, p. 132.
Secret rye shipments: Blockmans, ‘Devotions’, pp. 34–5; AN CC 11613, 19th register, f. 15v.
Henry’s war preparations: CPR HVII, vol. 1, p. 253 (and see pp. 369, 393–6); PRO E 404/79 and /80, passim.
Charles/ Scotland: Arthurson, Perkin Warbeck, p. 13; Alfred Spont, ‘La Marine Française sous Charles VIII’, Revue des questions historiques, no. 55 (1894), pp. 419–20.
Monsieur George d’Annebar: BN Français 32511, f. 413v.
September expedition: Arthurson, Perkin Warbeck, pp. 15–22; Spont, ‘Marine’, pp. 418–19.
Hayes’s jobs: CPR EIV/EV/RIII, p. 134; CPR HVII, vol. 1, pp. 21, 45; Campbell, Materials, vol. 1, pp. 400, 445, 459. His contacts: Arthurson, Perkin Warbeck, p. 16.
Taylor to Hayes: A. F. Pollard, The Reign of Henry VII from Contemporary Sources: vol. 1, Narrative Extracts (1913), pp. 82–3; Rot. Parl., vol. 6, pp. 454–5.
John of Gloucester: Campbell, Materials, p. 328.
Henry on the abusion: Halliwell, Letters, vol. 1, p. 172; BL MS Add. 46454, f. 6r.
‘multiplying’: EH, p. 122. For other odd doings, probably alchemical, see Ibid., pp. 117, 118, 120.
Treatise on alchemy: MS Selden Supra 77, ff. 1r–123r, esp. 16r–21r.
Kildare to Ormonde: L&P, vol. 2, pp. 55–6. ‘G. E. of K’: Ibid.; Conway, Relations, p. 44.
Eggs in Kent: Caxton, Eneydos, p. 2.
The dumb woman: John Pinkerton, The History of Scotland from the Accession of the House of Stuart to that of Mary, 2 vols (1797), p. 25.
Long words: Stephen Hawes, The Pastime of Pleasure, Percy Society 60 (1845), passim; R. T. Davies, Medieval English Lyrics (1963), no. 104.
A page’s manners: Caxton’s Book of Courtesy, The Babees Book, etc., ed. F. J. Furnivall, EETS Extra Series iii (1868), passim.
Louis XI’s varlet: Commines, Mémoires, book 4, ch. vii.
Kildare’s bad behaviour: Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts . . ., ed. J. S. Brewer & William Bullen (1871), vol. 5, Book of Howth, pp. 179–80.
Desmond’s clothes: L&P, vol. 1, pp. 69, 73–4. For the wildness of Irish manners even within the Pale, see Analecta Hibernica no. 10 (July 1941), pp. 96–7.
‘They called him Richard’: Zurita, Historia, vol. 5, p. 20.
‘how very pleasing’: Quintin Poulet, L’imaginacion de vraye noblesse (1496), BL Royal 19 CVIII, f. 17v (pencil foliation).
Princes entering towns: See e.g. Commines, Mémoires, book 4, ch. vi.
Desmond’s oath: Conway, Relations, p. 223.
Henry’s white armour: BL MS Add. 7079, f. 5r.
Meno conveying him: PRO E 404/81/3, warrant of Dec. 6th 1491.
Arriving as Richard: Ware, Antiquities, p. 22.
‘obliged almost to forget myself’: AH, pp. 84–5. Prompting: Ibid., p. 85 n.
Thomas Langford: Campbell, Materials, vol. 1, p. 307.
The effort of remembering: The Cordyal, tr. Anthony Woodville, Earl Rivers, ed. Dr J. A. Mulders (Nijmegen, n.d.), pp. 1–6; More/Grafton, Richard III, pp. 159, 221; François Villon, ‘Le Lais’, xxxvi; Dunbar, ‘On his heid-ake’, ls 8–10.
Printing on the heart: Vices & Virtues (see Notes, p. 477), p. 40; Eric Jager, The Book of the Heart (Chicago, 2000) ch. 3 and passim.
Henry to Ferdinand: CSPS, p. 353.
‘Philip Sparrow’: esp. ls 210–26.
Memory and imagination: della Mirandola, Imagination, pp. 34–5, n. 6.
Chastellain dreaming: ‘Le temple de Bocace’, in Oeuvres, vol. 7, pp. 76–7.
Images of hell: Rivers, Cordyal, p. 6.
André on details: HRHS, p. 66. ‘A child of the House of York’: AH, p. 63.
Bluemantle’s report: See Notes, p. 483 (‘Yorkist bows and arrows’).
The gold virgin: Scofield, Edward IV, vol. 1, p. 483; PRO E 404 76/4/130.
The lion: Ibid., /16. Bedroom tapestries: PRO E 404/76/5/49.
Rivers as St Anthony: Black, Wedding (see Notes, p. 482), p. 33.
Taylor’s duties: Myers, Household, p. 117.
Charles’s night thoughts: Commines, Mémoires, book 2, ch. ix.
Faults of hounds: Myers, Household, p. 121.
André on the boy’s memories: HRHS, p. 72.
Brampton’s stories: Roth, Portraits, pp. 69–83, passim; Marques de São Paio, ‘Brandão’, pp. 6–9.
Black velvet, etc.: PRO E 404/76/4, nos 39, 101, 107, 130.
Techniques of imagining: Pseudo-Bonaventure, The Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesu Christ, tr. Nicholas Love, ed. L. F. Powell (Oxford, 1908), esp. pp. 12, 24, 93, 101, 154, 200, 271–8, 256.
Letter to Isabella: See Notes, p. 478.
Letter to Scotland: TA, p. 199.
Richard’s age: GC, p. 206; Mancini, Usurpation, p. 97.
The story in Europe: P. W. Hammond & Maaike Lulofs, ‘Richard III: Dutch Sources’, The Ricardian, vol. iii, no. 46 (1974), pp. 12–13; Livia Visser-Fuchs, ‘The Divisie-chronicle’ (of Cornelius Aurelius), The Ricardian, vol. ix, no. 118 (Sept. 1992), pp. 319–21; Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 2, pp. 402–3.
Christopher Colyns: CPR EIV/EV/RIII, p. 481; CPR HVII, vol. 1, p. 142; L&P, vol. 1, pp. 5, 8.
Poverty of exiles: Chronicles of the White Rose, pp. 19–20 n., 30; Commines, Mémoires, book 3, chs. iv, v, and book 5, ch. xx (Henry). ‘a thousand deadly dangers’: Rymer, Foedera, vol. xii, p. 295.
Speech to the court of Scotland: AH, pp. 84–5. Unlike André, Vergil has very few set speeches in his history. This is the only one in his account of Perkin.
Vergil asking for help: SRO SP1/1/182; Epistolae Jacobi Quarti . . ., ed. Thomas Rudmann (Edinburgh, 1722), vol. 1, pp. 139–41.
‘a loyal household servant’: AH, p. 65 n.
3 Evidence of things seen
Henry to the pope: CSPV, pp. 208–9.
Edward’s son: AH, p. 57.
Apothecary’s bills: PRO E 405/78, mem. 48r.
Ismay: PRO E 404/81/3, warrants of Dec. 7th and 8th.
Garth and Ormonde: Analecta hibernica no. 10 (1941), pp. 34–5, 55; CPR HVII, vol. 1, p. 367; CCR HVII, vol. 1, p. 168.
The Margaret of Barnstaple: PRO E 404/81/1, warrant of Feb 13th; Analecta Hibernica, pp. 55–6. Spies: eg PRO E 404/81/3, warrant of Nov. 30th.
Henry to Ludovico Sforza: CSPV, p. 211; CSPM, p. 283.
Charles’s war strategy: BN Français 25717, pp. 119, 122–5; letter of Sept. 30th, ibid., p. 133.