The Warden

by Anthony Trollope

  ‘God bless you all! you have my heartfelt wishes for your welfare. I hope you may live contented, and die trusting in the Lord Jesus Christ, and thankful to Almighty God for the good things he has given you. God bless you, my friends!’ and Mr Harding drank his wine.

  Another murmur, somewhat more articulate than the first, passed round the circle, and this time it was intended to imply a blessing on Mr Harding. It had, however, but little cordiality in it. Poor old men! how could they be cordial with their sore consciences and shamed faces? how could they bid God bless him with hearty voices and a true benison, knowing, as they did, that their vile cabal had driven him from his happy home, and sent him in his old age to seek shelter under a strange roof-tree? They did their best, however; they drank their wine, and withdrew.

  As they left the hall door, Mr Harding shook hands with each of the men, and spoke a kind word to them about their individual cases and ailments; and so they departed, answering his questions in the fewest words, and retreated to their dens, a sorrowful repentant crew.

  All but Bunce, who still remained to make his own farewell. ‘There’s poor old Bell,’ said Mr Harding, ‘I mustn’t go without saying a word to him; come through with me, Bunce, and bring the wine with you’; and so they went through to the men’s cottages, and found the old man propped up as usual in his bed.

  ‘I’ve come to say good-bye to you, Bell,’ said Mr Harding, speaking loud, for the old man was deaf.

  ‘And are you going away, then, really?’ asked Bell.

  ‘Indeed I am, and I’ve brought you a glass of wine; so that we may part friends, as we lived, you know.’

  The old man took the proffered glass in his shaking hands, and drank it eagerly. ‘God bless you, Bell!’ said Mr Harding; ‘good-bye, my old friend.’

  ‘And so you’re really going?’ the man again asked.

  ‘Indeed I am, Bell.’

  The poor old bedridden creature still kept Mr Harding’s hand in his own, and the warden thought that he had met with something like warmth of feeling in the one of all his subjects from whom it was the least likely to be expected, for poor old Bell had nearly outlived all human feelings. ‘And your reverence,’ said he, and then he paused, while his old palsied head shook horribly, and his shrivelled cheeks sank lower within his jaws, and his glazy eye gleamed with a momentary light; ‘and, your reverence, shall we get the hundred a year then?’

  How gently did Mr Harding try to extinguish the false hope of money which had been so wretchedly raised to disturb the quiet of the dying man! One other week and his mortal coil would be shuffled off;6 in one short week would God resume his soul, and set it apart for its irrevocable doom; seven more tedious days and nights of senseless inactivity, and all would be over for poor Bell in this world; and yet, with his last audible words, he was demanding his moneyed rights, and asserting himself to be the proper heir of John Hiram’s bounty! Not on him, poor sinner as he was, be the load of such sin!

  Mr Harding returned to his parlour, meditating with a sick heart on what he had seen, and Bunce with him. We will not describe the parting of these two good men, for good men they were. It was in vain that the late warden endeavoured to comfort the heart of the old bedesman; poor old Bunce felt that his days of comfort were gone. The hospital had to him been a happy home, but it could be so no longer. He had had honour there, and friendship; he had recognized his master, and been recognized; all his wants, both of soul and body, had been supplied, and he had been a happy man. He wept grievously as he parted from his friend, and the tears of an old man are bitter. ‘It is all over for me in this world,’ said he, as he gave the last squeeze to Mr Harding’s hand; ‘I have now to forgive those who have injured me – and to die.’

  And so the old man went out, and then Mr Harding gave way to his grief, and he too wept aloud.

  CHAPTER 21

  Conclusion

  OUR tale is now done, and it only remains to us to collect the scattered threads of our little story, and to tie them into a seemly knot. This will not be a work of labour, either to the author or to his readers; we have not to deal with many personages, or with stirring events, and were it not for the custom of the thing, we might leave it to the imagination of all concerned to conceive how affairs at Barchester arranged themselves.

  On the morning after the day last alluded to, Mr Harding, at an early hour, walked out of the hospital, with his daughter under his arm, and sat down quietly to breakfast at his lodgings over the chemist’s shop. There was no parade about his departure; no one, not even Bunce, was there to witness it: had he walked to the apothecary’s thus early to get a piece of court plaster,1 or a box of lozenges, he could not have done it with less appearance of an important movement. There was a tear in Eleanor’s eye as she passed through the big gateway and over the bridge; but Mr Harding walked with an elastic step, and entered his new abode with a pleasant face.

  ‘Now, my dear,’ said he, ‘you have everything ready, and you can make tea here just as nicely as in the parlour at the hospital.’ So Eleanor took off her bonnet and made the tea. After this manner did the late Warden of Barchester Hospital accomplish his flitting, and change his residence.

  It was not long before the archdeacon brought his father to discuss the subject of a new warden. Of course he looked upon the nomination as his own, and he had in his eye three or four fitting candidates, seeing that Mr Cummins’s plan as to the living of Puddingdale could not be brought to bear. How can I describe the astonishment which confounded him, when his father declared that he would appoint no successor to Mr Harding? ‘If we can get the matter set to rights, Mr Harding will return,’ said the bishop; ‘and if we cannot, it will be wrong to put any other gentleman into so cruel a position.’

  It was in vain that the archdeacon argued and lectured, and even threatened; in vain he my-lorded his poor father in his sternest manner; in vain his ‘good heavens!’ were ejaculated in a tone that might have moved a whole synod, let alone one weak and aged bishop. Nothing would induce his father to fill up the vacancy caused by Mr Harding’s retirement.

  Even John Bold would have pitied the feelings with which the archdeacon returned to Plumstead: the Church was falling, nay, already in ruins; its dignitaries were yielding without a struggle before the blows of its antagonists; and one of its most respected bishops, his own father – the man considered by all the world as being in such matters under his, Dr Grantly’s control – had positively resolved to capitulate, and own himself vanquished!

  And how fared the hospital under this resolve of its visitor? Badly indeed. It is now some years since Mr Harding left it, and the warden’s house is still tenantless. Old Bell has died, and Billy Gazy; the one-eyed Spriggs has drunk himself to death, and three others of the twelve have been gathered into the churchyard mould. Six have gone, and the six vacancies remain unfilled! Yes, six have died, with no kind friend to solace their last moments, with no wealthy neighbour to administer comforts and ease the stings of death. Mr Harding, indeed, did not desert them; from him they had such consolation as a dying man may receive from his Christian pastor; but it was the occasional kindness of a stranger which ministered to them, and not the constant presence of a master, a neighbour, and a friend.

  Nor were those who remained better off than those who died. Dissensions rose among them, and contests for pre-eminence; and then they began to understand that soon one among them would be the last – some one wretched being would be alone there in that now comfortless hospital – the miserable relic of what had once been so good and comfortable.

  The building of the hospital itself has not been allowed to go to ruins. Mr Chadwick, who still holds his stewardship, and pays the accruing rents into an account opened at a bank for the purpose, sees to that; but the whole place has become disordered and ugly. The warden’s garden is a wretched wilderness, the drive and paths are covered with weeds, the flowerbeds are bare, and the unshorn lawn is now a mass of long damp grass and unwholesome moss. The beauty
of the place is gone; its attractions have withered. Alas! a very few years since it was the prettiest spot in Barchester, and now it is a disgrace to the city.

  Mr Harding did not go out to Crabtree Parva. An arrangement was made which respected the homestead of Mr Smith and his happy family, and put Mr Harding into possession of a small living within the walls of the city. It is the smallest possible parish, containing a part of the Cathedral Close and a few old houses adjoining. The church is a singular little Gothic building, perched over a gateway, through which the Close is entered, and is approached by a flight of stone steps which leads down under the archway of the gate. It is no bigger than an ordinary room – perhaps twenty-seven feet long by eighteen wide – but still it is a perfect church.2 It contains an old carved pulpit and reading-desk, a tiny altar under a window filled with dark old-coloured glass, a font, some half-dozen pews, and perhaps a dozen seats for the poor, and also a vestry. The roof is high-pitched, and of black old oak, and the three large beams which support it run down to the side walls, and terminate in grotesquely carved faces – two devils and an angel on one side, two angels and a devil on the other. Such is the church of St Cuthbert at Barchester, of which Mr Harding became rector, with a clear income of seventy-five pounds a year.

  Here he performs afternoon service every Sunday, and administers the Sacrament once in every three months. His audience is not large; and, had they been so, he could not have accommodated them: but enough come to fill his six pews, and on the front seat of those devoted to the poor is always to be seen our old friend Mr Bunce, decently arrayed in his bedesman’s gown.

  Mr Harding is still precentor of Barchester; and it is very rarely the case that those who attend the Sunday morning service miss the gratification of hearing him chant the litany, as no other man in England can do it. He is neither a discontented nor an unhappy man; he still inhabits the lodgings to which he went on leaving the hospital, but he now has them to himself. Three months after that time Eleanor became Mrs Bold, and of course removed to her husband’s house.

  There were some difficulties to be got over on the occasion of her marriage. The archdeacon, who could not so soon overcome his grief, would not be persuaded to grace the ceremony with his presence, but he allowed his wife and children to be there. The marriage took place at the palace, and the bishop himself officiated. It was the last occasion on which he ever did so; and, though he still lives, it is not probable that he will ever do so again.

  Not long after the marriage, perhaps six months, when Eleanor’s bridal-honours were fading, and persons were beginning to call her Mrs Bold without twittering, the archdeacon consented to meet John Bold at a dinner-party, and since that time they have become almost friends. The archdeacon firmly believes that his brother-in-law was, as a bachelor, an infidel, an unbeliever in the great truths of our religion; but that matrimony has opened his eyes, as it has those of others. And Bold is equally inclined to think that time has softened the asperities of the archdeacon’s character. Friends though they are, they do not often revert to the feud of the hospital.

  Mr Harding, we say, is not an unhappy man; he keeps his lodgings, but they are of little use to him, except as being the one spot on earth which he calls his own. His time is spent chiefly at his daughter’s or at the palace; he is never left alone, even should he wish to be so; and within a twelvemonth of Eleanor’s marriage his determination to live at his own lodging had been so far broken through and abandoned, that he consented to have his violoncello permanently removed to his daughter’s house.

  Every other day a message is brought to him from the bishop. ‘The bishop’s compliments, and his lordship is not very well today, and he hopes Mr Harding will dine with him.’ This bulletin as to the old man’s health is a myth; for though he is over eighty he is never ill, and will probably die some day, as a spark goes out, gradually and without a struggle. Mr Harding does dine with him very often, which means going to the palace at three and remaining till ten; and whenever he does not the bishop whines, and says that the port wine is corked, and complains that nobody attends to him, and frets himself off to bed an hour before his time.

  It was long before the people of Barchester forgot to call Mr Harding by his long well-known name of Warden. It had become so customary to say Mr Warden, that it was not easily dropped. ‘No, no,’ he always says when so addressed, ‘not warden now, only precentor.’

  THE END

  1. Quoted in Michael Sadleir, Trollope: A Commentary (Constable, 1927), p. 152.

  2. Sadleir, Trollope: A Commentary, pp. 56–7.

  3. Trudy Bliss (ed.), Thomas Carlyle: Letters to His Wife (Gollancz, 1953), p. 381; letter of 27 July 1865.

  4. Partial Portraits (Macmillan, 1888), pp. 100–101.

  5. Anthony Trollope and His Contemporaries (Longman, 1972), p. 138.

  6. I am indebted for these details of the St Cross case to R. B. Martin’s account of it in Enter Rumour: Four Early Victorian Scandals (Faber, 1962), pp. 137–84.

  7. Quoted in R. C. M. Arnold, The Whiston Matter (Hart-Davis, 1961), p. 193.

  8. Anthony Trollope: His Work, Associates and Literary Originals (The Bodley Head, 1913), p. 103.

  9. ‘The Times Correspondent and The Warden’, Nineteenth-Century Fiction, XXI, 1967, pp. 325–36.

  10. The Novels of Anthony Trollope (Clarendon Press,1977), p. 97.

  11. The New Zealander, ed. N. John Hall (Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 35. The circulation figures are those quoted by Professor Hall on p. 42 of his edition, and come from W. T. Coggeshall, The Newspaper Record (Philadelphia, 1856).

  12. On liberty, ed. Gertrude Himmelfarb (Penguin, 1974), Chapter III, p. 131.

  13. The Moral Trollope (Ohio University Press, 1971), p. 40.

  14. Partial Portraits, p. 113.

  NOTES

  CHAPTER 1

  1 (p. 1). the bishop, dean, and canons: The bishop is the spiritual head of a diocese, or administrative district, of the Church of England and has his throne (from the Latin ‘cathedra’) in the cathedral. Next in power to him is the dean, who is head of the cathedral chapter and responsible for the conduct of services in the cathedral. The chapter is a semi-collegiate body of clergymen, called canons, supposedly resident in the cathedral close and attached in the first instance to the cathedral, although, before the ecclesiastical reforms of the Victorian period, absenteeism and pluralism (the holding of more than one living) were common. A minor canon is responsible for the singing of the services but is not usually a member of the chapter.

  2 (p. 1). precentor of the cathedral: The clergyman in charge of the singing of the choir in a cathedral. In the older cathedrals he ranked second to the dean.

  3 (p. 2). that office being, as is not usual, in the bishop’s gift: Because the precentor is a member of the chapter and would normally be appointed by the dean and chapter.

  4 (p. 2). wool-stapler… wool-carders: A wool-stapler is a merchant who bought wool, graded it, and sold it to the manufacturer; a wool-card is an instrument like a hairbrush, with which wool-carders combed the wool.

  5 (p. 2). bedesmen: Persons maintained in an almshouse, in return for which they had to pray (telling their ‘beads’) for the soul of the benefactor.

  6 (p. 3). see: Literally the seat (from Latin ‘sedes’) of the bishop, hence the place where the cathedral is situated. The bishop holds the see of Barchester, although geographically its ‘wide episcopal domains’ are coextensive with the diocese.

  7 (p. 4). making a sum of sixty-two pounds eleven shillings and four-pence: Trollope’s arithmetic here is wildly out: twopence a day to twelve bedesmen for a year of 365 days amounts to £36.10s. in predecimal currency. For an amusing and ingenious account of how this error might have come about see Angela Milne, ‘The Great Trollope Mystery’, Punch, 9 July 1980, pp. 56–8.

  8 (p. 5). the Elysium of Mr Harding’s dwelling: Elysium was the home of the blessed dead in Greek mythology.

  9 (p. 5). scandalizes… by a black neck-handkerchi
ef: Because the normal colour would be white. It is characteristic of Mr Harding to be as little ostentatious in his clerical appearance as possible, in contrast to Archdeacon Grantly.

  10 (p. 6). Purcell, Crotch, and Nares: Henry Purcell (1659?–95), William Crotch (1775–1847), and John Nares (1715–83) were all English composers and organists.

  11 (p. 6). faute de mieux: For want of a better.

  CHAPTER 2

  1 (p. 7). well-known case of the Hospital of St Cross: The Winchester almshouse where the wealthy Earl of Guilford (not Guildford, as Trollope spells it throughout) had been Master, or warden, since 1808, combining it with other livings which gave him a princely income. This contemporary scandal is fully discussed in the Introduction.

  2 (p. 7). the struggles of Mr Whiston: The Rev. Robert Whiston (1808–1895), Headmaster of the Rochester Cathedral Grammar School from 1842 to 1877. His ‘struggles’ refer to his attempts to persuade the chapter to provide adequate maintenance for four Exhibitioners at university, and free board and lodging for twenty cathedral scholars, as the cathedral statutes stipulated. After publishing his pamphlet Cathedral Trusts and Their Fulfilment (1849), Whiston was dismissed, but reinstated in 1852 after lengthy legal proceedings. Again, this topical issue is discussed in the Introduction.