Misreading Scripture with Western Eyes
Page 25
Chapter 7: First Things First
1Jonathan Edwards, “Images of Divine Things,” in Typological Writings (WJE [Works of Jonathan Edwards] Online 11), ed. Wallace E. Anderson, Mason I. Lowance Jr. and David H. Watters (New Haven, Conn.: Jonathan Edwards Center, Yale University, 2008), p. 54.
2Ibid., p. 55.
3See James Turner, Without God, Without Creed: The Origins of Unbelief in America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986).
4Benjamin Franklin, Autobiography, ed. John Bigelow (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1869), p. 166.
5Troels Engberg-Pedersen in his discussion of gift-giving notes this problem well: “It is the mutual emotional attitude and relationship between giver and receiver that defines the gift element in those acts”; see “Gift-giving and Friendship: Seneca and Paul in Romans 1-8 on the Logic of God’s Charis and Its Human Response,” Harvard Theological Review 101 (2008): 15-44 (quote is on p. 20). Nonetheless, it is difficult (post-Kantian) to describe the relationships of gift-giving without using terms that move the reader toward “rules.”
6I. Howard Marshall, Enmity in Corinth: Social Conventions in Paul’s Relations with the Corinthians, Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2/23 (Tübingen: Mohr, 1987), pp. 1-34, 165-258. For a good explanation of the power of a patron, see John K. Chow, Patronage and Power: A Study of Social Networks in Corinth, Journal for the Study of the New Testament 75 (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1992), esp. p. 129.
7Luke also critiques the reciprocity inherent in the patronage system (Lk 6:32-35). We should give “without expecting to get anything back” (Lk 6:35), a direct rebuttal of the patronage system. He even uses charis in vv. 32-34, which is often translated “credit” or “benefit.”
8Plutarch, Mor. 1101B.
9Seneca, Ben. 1.1.3.
10See Seneca, Ben. 4.5.1 and Plutarch, Mor. 1100F, 1101C.
11Either Israel was celebrating Passover with uncircumcised sons or Israel had not been celebrating Passover during the forty years in the wilderness.
12In the seventeenth-century ceremony to consecrate church bells, the priest prayed their sound would “temper the destruction of hail and cyclones and the force of tempests and lightning; check hostile thunders and great winds; and cast down the spirits of storms and the powers of the air.” See J. L. Heilbron, Electricity in the 17th and 18th Centuries: A Study in Early Modern Physics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979), p. 341.
13Al Seckel and John Edwards, “Franklin’s Unholy Lightning Rod,” accessed August 13, 2011, www.evolvefish.com/ freewrite/ franklgt.htm.
14See David Huttar, “Did Paul Call Andronicus an Apostle in Romans 16:7,” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 52 (2009): 747-78.
15Preben Vang, 1 Corinthians, Teach the Bible Commentary Series (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2013).
16See Jerome H. Neyrey, “Body Language in 1 Corinthians: the Use of Anthropological Models for Understanding Paul and His Opponents,” Semeia 35 (1986): 129-70, esp. 137.
17At the least, it appears Paul would disagree with James’s assertion that all Gentiles must abstain from meat sacrificed to idols (1 Cor 8).
18Just to cite some examples: don’t eat pork (Lev 11:7); roofs must have parapets (Deut 22:8); paydays must be daily (Deut 24:15); and there must be no symbiotic planting (Lev 19:19).
Chapter 8: Getting Right Wrong
1Yet Wright argues this is the very process for gaining virtue: “Virtue . . . is what happens when someone has made a thousand small choices, requiring effort and concentration, to do something which is good and right”: After You Believe: Why Christian Character Matters (New York: HarperCollins, 2010), pp. 20-21.
2Basil, “Sermon to the Rich,” in Patrologia Graeca, ed. J.-P. Migne, vol. 31, cols. 277c-304c.
3Augustine, Doctr. chr. I.86–88.
Chapter 9: It’s All About Me
1Native Americans and African Americans tend to have more collectivist traits.
2J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur, Letters from an American Farmer and Sketches of Eighteenth-Century America (New York: Penguin, 1963 [originally published in 1782]), p. 65.
3See Jean Twenge, Generation Me: Why Today’s Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled—and More Miserable Than Ever Before (New York: Free Press, 2006).
4Christian Smith with Melinda Lundquist Denton, Soul Searching: The Religious and Spiritual Lives of American Teenagers (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 163-64.
5See Eugene Peterson, Working the Angles: The Shape of Pastoral Integrity (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989), pp. 92-99.
6The old Greek translation of Jeremiah uses the you plural form.
7See, for example, E. Randolph Richards, “In Exile but on the Brink of Restoration: The Story of Israel in the General Epistles,” in The Story of Israel: a Biblical Theology, ed. Marvin Pate (Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2004), pp. 232-54.
8This verse could be translated “all things work together for good.” The resulting interpretation remains the same. “God” is the understood subject of this divine passive. If all things work together, the clear meaning is that God is the agent who works all things together for good.
9John Calvin, Commentaries on the Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans, trans. and ed. John Owen (Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society, 1849), p. 315.
10There are historical antecedents. Lindsey is just perhaps the most famous voice.
11Steve Camp, “Playing Marbles with Diamonds” (Birdwing Music, 1989).
Author Index
Note: Page numbers refer to the print edition of this book, ISBN 978-0-8308-3782-3.
Achebe, Chinua, 223, 232
Adamo, David, 222
Aristotle, 115
Augustine, 120, 189-90, 237
Aveni, Anthony, 225
Bailey, Kenneth, 221, 232
Basil, 188-89, 237
Bettenson, Henry, 231
Bilde, P., 222
Bisagno, John, 234,
Bonaventure, 228
Brenner, Athalya, 222
Brett, Mark, 222
Bunyan, John, 232
Calvin, John, 204, 237
Camp, Steve 210, 237
Campbell, Ken, 222
Camping, Harold, 204
Carroll, John B., 231
Cohick, Lynn, 222
Confucius, 115
Copher, Charles, 222
deSilva, David, 224, 225, 231, 233, 234
Diab, Khaled, 47, 229
Duvall, Scott, 225
Ebeling, Jennie, 222
Eckholm, Erik, 229
Edwards, Jonathan, 158-59, 235
Elliott, J. K., 228
Ellis, E. Earle, 228
Elmer, Duane, 104, 116, 140, 224, 233, 234, 235
Emerson, Michael, 223
Endo, Shusaku, 95, 223, 232
Engberg-Pedersen, Troels, 235
Eusebius, 228
Felder, Cain Hope, 221
Fields, Bruce L., 221
Franklin, Benjamin, 160, 171, 235, 236
Gardner, Christine, 228
Gilmore, Joseph, 232
Green, Gene, 221
Greenman, Jeffrey, 221
Hall, Jonathan, 222
Hanson, K. C., 222
Hauerwas, Stanley, 235
Hays, J. Daniel, 60, 222, 225, 230
Heilbron, J. L., 236
Holmes, Lowell, 232
Hsu, Albert, 229
Huttar, David, 236
Jenkins, Philip, 17, 221, 227
Johnson, Luke Timothy, 230
Kalla, Jusuf, 117
Keener, Craig, 223
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 53
Kunhardt, Jessie, 233
Kwame, Anthony Appiah, 229
Labi, Nadya, 235
Lewis, C. S., 49, 229
Lindsey, Hal, 205-6, 237
Luther, Martin, 76, 120
MacDonald, Margaret, 228
Malina, Bruce, 222, 233
> Marshall, I. Howard, 236
Maunder, Chris, 231
McCarthy, Teri, 229
McClarney, Chris, 154
McGilchrist, Iain, 86, 223, 232
McNeil, Brenda Salter, 223
Metzger, Bruce, 80
Minami, Ken, 225
Mohler, Albert, 228
Moule, C. F. D., 223
Nakamura, Hajime, 225
Neyrey, Jerome, 224, 233, 236
Nisbett, Richard, 221, 234
Nouwen, Henri, 40
Okholm, Dennis, 223
Parratt, John, 221
Payne, Ruby, 231
Pearse, Meic, 223
Peh, Ting Chew, 117
Perkins, Spencer, 223
Peterson, Eugene, 9, 11, 197, 227, 237
Pilch, John, 222, 233
Pitamber, Dayanand, 116, 234
Plato, 92, 114, 115, 128, 232, 234
Pliny the Elder, 65
Plutarch, 231, 236
Poe, Edgar Allen, 115
Pohl, Christine, 222
Potok, Chaim, 224
Powell, Mark Allan, 14, 227
Rah, Soong-Chan, 17, 221, 227
Razak, Najib, 118
Reed, Eric, 227
Reeves, Rodney, 109, 233
Rice, Anne, 109, 110, 112, 233
Rice, Chris, 223
Richards, E. Randolph, 229, 231, 233, 237
Richardson, Rick, 223
Rohrbaugh, Richard, 222, 225, 233
Romanowski, Michael, 229
Ruden, Sarah, 39, 229
Seckel, Al, 236
Seneca, 83, 231, 236
Skinner, Anthony, 154
Smalley, William, 232
Smith, Adam, 160
Smith, Christian, 195-96, 237
Smith, H. P., 60, 230
Snowden, Frank, 223
St. John de Crevecoeur, J. Hector, 193-94, 237
Stein, Robert, 227
Stendahl, Krister, 119, 224, 234
Stott, John, 39, 40, 229
Stout, Harry, 227
Suetonius, 234
Taute, Sam, 235
Tolkien, J. R. R., 114
Turner, James, 235
Twenge, Jean, 237
Usry, Glenn, 223
Vang, Preben, 173, 236
Vonnegut, Kurt, 146-47, 224, 235
Weber, Max, 187
Weems, Mason Locke, 229
Wells, H. G., 234
Westfall, Cynthia Long, 106, 233
White, Jack E., 68, 231
Whorf, Benjamin, 71, 231
Winter, Bruce, 228, 229
Witherington, Ben, III, 235
Wright, N. T., 182, 225, 236
Yamauchi, Edwin, 223
Scripture Index
Note: Page numbers refer to the print edition of this book, ISBN 978-0-8308-3782-3.
Genesis
1, 158
2:18, 39, 79
2:24, 37
19, 48
19:1-9, 34
19:5, 48
19:36-38, 68
24:27, 74
27:46, 57
32:24, 79
37:3, 13
Exodus
12:40-49, 168
14:21, 85
14:21-30, 158
15:3, 86
15:8, 85
16:4, 214
18:14, 79
20, 174
20:2, 174
20:3, 174
20:17, 127
32:9-10, 128
32:12-13, 128
Numbers
12, 67
12:1, 59
12:2, 61
22, 68
24:24, 206
25, 68
Deuteronomy
23:3, 68
Joshua
1, 169
2–6, 169
5:5-7, 168
7, 169
10:13, 158
Judges
12, 63
16:4, 69
19, 131
19:30, 131
Ruth
4:4-6, 67
4:10, 67
2 Samuel
11:1, 121
11:2-3, 121
11:3, 122
11:5, 122
11:6, 123
11:9-10, 124
11:10, 124
11:11, 124
11:12-13, 125
11:17, 125
11:25, 125
11:27, 126
12, 120
12:7, 126
15:20, 74
18:21, 60
24:24, 125
1 Kings
21:18, 125
2 Kings
19:35, 200
24–25, 201
24:3, 200
25:7, 200
1 Chronicles
11:2, 87
Job
18:5, 153
21:17, 153
42:13, 203
Psalms
18:10, 216
18:13, 158
22:23, 128
23, 87
23:1, 90
23:6, 92
44:4-7, 214
44:9, 214
46:10, 78
50:15, 128
51:3-5, 126
73:3-4, 153
84:11, 128
90:12, 141
91:15, 128, 178
101:2-3, 182
104:19, 158
114:4, 85
120:6-7, 185
144:4, 141
148:8, 171
Proverbs
6:16-19, 191
13:9, 153
20:1, 33
22:6, 209
22:9, 188
23:31-32, 34
24:20, 153
25:11, 151
26:4, 153
26:4-5, 150
26:5, 153
Ecclesiastes
3:1, 141
Isaiah
5:1-7, 87
5:2, 87
6:2, 216
30:15, 76
40:6, 74
49:1, 197
Jeremiah
1:5, 197
7:11, 149
29, 199, 201, 202
29:4-7, 201
29:7, 201
29:10, 192
29:11, 192, 193, 199, 200, 202, 204
29:14, 193
44:11, 186
Lamentations
3:22, 197
Ezekiel
16:49, 35
34, 87
Hosea
1:9, 166
6:4, 74
9:15, 168
11:8, 168
11:9-10, 168
Habakkuk
1:6, 205, 206
1:12, 205
Malachi
1:6-7, 134
2:2, 134
Matthew
1, 143
2, 143
2:7, 142
2:11, 144
4:19, 186
5:3, 89
5:9, 75
5:39, 184
5:41, 184
5:45, 158, 170
6:21, 189
6:28, 215
7:13-14, 186
8:21-22, 168
10:29-30, 157
10:37, 79
11:30, 168
12:1-7, 130
12:49-50, 105
13:30, 151
17:19, 135
19:21, 168
20–21, 88
20:1-16, 88
21:23, 130
21:28-32, 88
21:33-44, 88
22:1-3, 145
22:17, 130
22:46, 130
24, 199
24:3, 129, 207
24:3-8, 206
24:6, 207
24:6-7, 207
24:8, 207
24:16, 184
24:36, 146
24:44, 207
24:50, 207
25:5, 207
26:11, 42
26:36, 78
26:36-39, 78
26:73, 64
Mark
1:15, 1
46
2:5, 81
5:22-24, 149
5:25-34, 149
5:35-43, 149
6:3, 105
9:28, 129
10:25, 42
11:12-14, 149
11:15-19, 149
11:20-25, 149
14:33, 78
14:35, 78
15:1, 142
15:33, 142
Luke
4:9, 148
4:9-11, 210
6:1-9, 48
6:24, 42
6:30, 177
11:24, 216
12:19, 187
12:20, 187
12:24, 188
12:37-38, 207
14:8, 130
14:8-9, 130
14:26, 79, 104
15:14, 14
18:18-23, 168
20:47, 152
21:1-4, 151
21:5-6, 152
22:41, 78
John
1:45, 105
1:46, 64
3:2, 135
7:41-43, 64
10:14, 87
10:33, 87
11, 168
14:1, 81
14:27, 184
16, 120
17:11, 173
17:20-21, 110
21, 168
Acts
2:7, 64
2:9-10, 58
2:45, 177
6, 61
6:1, 62
7:17, 151
9:1-5, 117
10, 46
10:2, 104
10:13-14, 46
10:14, 46
11, 151
11:14, 104
12, 151
12:21-23, 151
15, 167
15:29, 175
15:36-41, 102
16, 83, 104
16:3, 154, 167
16:7, 57
16:14-15, 105
16:15, 104
16:20, 69
16:30, 104
16:31, 104
17, 82
17:9, 102
17:14, 102
17:28, 157
18:2-3, 102
18:25, 66
21, 59, 173
21:24, 58
21:37, 58
21:38, 58
22:28, 59
Romans
3:22, 55
8, 199
8:21, 208
8:22, 208
8:28, 81, 154, 202, 203, 204, 210
8:35, 203
9:13, 154
9:18, 154
9:19-20, 154
12:13, 50
12:18, 173, 185
13:1, 22
13:1-2, 186
16:7, 172
1 Corinthians
1:1, 102
1:10, 66
1:12, 66
3:2, 210
4:12, 164
5:1-8, 136
5:6, 132
6, 43, 111
6:19, 29, 108, 110
7, 38, 39, 48
7:1, 36, 39
7:3, 38
7:5, 38
7:6, 36
7:7, 36
7:8-9, 38
7:18, 166, 167
7:32, 36
7:32-35, 37
8, 174
8–10, 43
8:13, 175
9:6, 164
10, 43
11, 43