Pakistan- the Balochistan Conundrum

by Tilak Devasher

  30. Foreign Policy Centre, ‘Balochis of Pakistan’, p. 54.

  31. Robert Kaplan, ‘Pakistan’s Fatal Shore’.

  32. ‘Balochistan: Present & Future’, editorial in The Nation, 31 January 2018, https://nation.com.pk/31-Jan-2018/balochistan-present-future, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  33. Kalbe Ali, ‘Govt lethargy stalls Gwadar’s projects, Senate body told’, Dawn, 30 December 2017, https://www.dawn.com/news/1379722/govt-lethargy-stalls-gwadars-projects-senate-body-told, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  34. Behram Baloch, ‘Gwadar in grip of severe water crisis’, Dawn, 21 December 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1227817/gwadar-in-grip-of-severe-water-crisis, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  35. Muhammad Akbar Notezai, ‘Thirsty in Gwadar’ Dawn, 10 September 2017, https://www.dawn.com/news/1356787/thirsty-in-gwadar, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  36. Behram Baloch, ‘Gwadar in grip of severe water crisis’.

  37. ‘Water crisis again hits Gwadar’, Dawn, 22 May 2017, https://www.dawn.com/news/1334634/water-crisis-again-hits-gwadar, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  38. Ibid.

  39. Syed Muhammad Abubakar, ‘Welcome to thirsty Gwadar’, The News, 1 July 2018, http://tns.thenews.com.pk/welcome-thirsty-gwadar/#.WzjJJe5AvIU, (accessed on 24 December 2018).

  40. Muhammad Akbar Notezai, ‘Thirsty in Gwadar’.

  41. Syed Muhammad Abubakar, ‘Welcome to thirsty Gwadar’.

  42. Behram Baloch, ‘Gwadar water woes worsen as supply from Mirani dam halted’, Dawn, 5 February 2018, www.dawn.com/news/1387425/gwadar-water-woes-worsen-as-supply-from-mirani-dam-halted, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  43. Muhammad Akbar Notezai, ‘Thirsty in Gwadar’.

  44. Maqbool Ahmed, ‘CPEC: Hopes and fears as China comes to Gwadar’, Herald, 14 March 2017, https://herald.dawn.com/news/1153685, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  45. Saeed Shah, ‘Big Chinese-Pakistani Project Tries to Overcome Jihadists, Droughts and Doubts’.

  46. P.M. Baigel, ‘Gwadar port reels under water shortages’, Dawn, 16 February 2016, http://www.dawn.com/news/1239912] , (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  47. Saher Baloch, ‘Gwadar’s long wait for water’, Dawn, 6 March 2016, http://www.dawn.com/news/1243899/footprints-gwadars-long-wait-for-water, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  48. ‘Impact of development on fisheries sector in Gwadar’, cited in ICG Report 2006, p. 15.

  49. Maqbool Ahmed, ‘CPEC: Hopes and fears as China comes to Gwadar’.

  50. ‘CPEC and Gwadar fishermen’, editorial in Daily Times, 18 March 2019, https://dailytimes.com.pk/366412/cpec-and-gwadar-fishermen/ (accessed 21 March 2019).

  51. I.A. Rehman, ‘Baloch concerns revisited’, Dawn, 28 July 2016, http://www.dawn.com/news/1273557/baloch-concerns-revisited, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  52. Shah Meer Baloch, ‘What matters most’, Dawn, 6 May 2018 https://www.dawn.com/news/1405970/what-matters-most, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  53. CPEC and Gwadar fishermen’, editorial in Daily Times.

  54. Robert Kaplan, ‘Pakistan’s Fatal Shore’.

  55. Aqil Shah, ‘The brewing storm of discontent’, Dawn, 21 June 2006, http://www.dawn.com/news/1064691, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  56. Malik Siraj Akbar, ‘Gwadar’s real estate boom busts’, Daily Times, 29 November 2008, http://archives.dailytimes.com.pk/national/29-Nov-2008/gwadar-s-real-estate-boom-busts, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  57. ICG Report, 2006, p. 15.

  58. Arif Rana, ‘Army seeks 11,000 acres of land for “Defence Complex” at Gwadar’, Business Recorder, 6 September 2007, cited in International Crisis Group (ICG), ‘Pakistan: The Forgotten Conflict in Balochistan’, Asia Report, 22 October 2007, p. 10, https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/pakistan/pakistan-forgotten-conflict-balochistan, (accessed on 2 March 2018).

  59. ‘The Gwadar land scam’, editorial in Business Recorder, 3 January 2018, https://epaper.brecorder.com/2018/01/03/20-page/691717-news.html, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  60. Sarah Zheng, ‘Danger in the deep that could derail Belt and Road plan’, South China Morning Post, 11 February 2018, http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2132833/danger-deep-near-chinas-multibillion-dollar-port, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  61. ‘The Mega Follies’, Dawn, 31 January 2008.

  62. Mir Mohammad Ali Talpur, ‘Gwadar conundrum’, Daily Times, 22 November 2015, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/opinion/22-Nov-2015/gwadar-conundrum, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  63. Jon Boone and Kiyya Baloch, ‘A new Shenzhen? Poor Pakistan fishing town’s horror at Chinese plans’, The Guardian, 4 February 2016, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/04/pakistan-new-shenzhen-poor-gwadar-fishing-town-china-plans, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  64. Mahnaz Isphani, Roads and Rivals, New York: Cornell University Press, 1989, p. 201, cited in Andrew Small, The China Pakistan Axis: Asia’s New Geopolitics, New Delhi: Random House India, 2015, paperback edition, pp. 105–06.

  65. ‘Iran, India, Afghanistan sign transit accord on Chabahar port’, Dawn, 23 May 2016, http://www.dawn.com/news/1260176, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  66. ‘Three-way transit accord, an isolated Pakistan’, editorial in Pakistan Today, 25 May 2016, http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/05/25/comment/three-way-transit-accord/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  67. Chabahar contains two separate ports called Shahid Kalantari and Shahid Beheshti.

  68. Saud bin Ahsen, ‘Operationalization of Chabahar Port’, Daily Times, 27 February 2019, https://dailytimes.com.pk/359138/operationalisation-of-chabahar-port/, (accessed on 31 March 2019).

  69. ‘How to Lose Friends, and add to enemies’, editorial in Pakistan Today, 1 June 2016, http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/06/01/comment/how-to-lose-friends/, (accessed on 27 February 2018); Harris Khalique, ‘Affairs Not So Foreign’, The News, 1 June 2016, http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/124238-Affairs-not-so-foreign, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  70. ‘China not “jealous” of Chabahar port deal’, DNA 29 May 2016, http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-china-not-jealous-of-chabahar-port-deal-beneficial-for-china-2217689, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  71. ‘Projects in Iran, Pakistan can complement each other: China’, Dawn, 2 June 2016, http://www.dawn.com/news/1262242/projects-in-iran-pakistan, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  72. Christophe Jaffrelot, ‘A Tale of Two Ports’.

  12. The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor

  1. Khurram Husain, ‘Army chief says economy showing mixed indicators’, Dawn, 12 October 2017, https://www.dawn.com/news/1363192/army-chief-says-economy-showing-mixed-indicators, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  2. Adnan Aamir, ‘Unemployment in Balochistan, The News, 27 April 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-9-315006-Unemployment-in-Balochistan, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  3. ‘Powerless people trying to hold talks with nationalists: Mengal’, Dawn, 18 January 2016, http://www.dawn.com/news/1233750/powerless-people-trying-to-hold-talks-with-nationalists-mengal, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  4. Government of Pakistan, Pakistan Economic Survey 2016–17, http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_17/Pakistan_ES_2016_17_pdf.pdf, (accessed on 3 March 2018).

  5. Ahmed Noorani, ‘Three confusions on CPEC confronted with reality check’, Geo News, 11 January 2016, http://www.geo.tv/latest/9271-Three-confusions-on-CPEC-confronted-with-reality-check#sthash.B8gGktK7.dpuf, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  6. Pervez Tahir, ‘Whither CPEC?’, The Express Tribune, 14 January 2016, http://tribune.com.pk/story/1027518/whither-cpec/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  7. ‘‘PTI MNA terms CPEC as China–Punjab Economic Corridor’, The News, 23 November 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/74906-pti-mna-terms-cpec-as-china-punjab-economic-corridor, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  8. Ejaz Hussain and Ghulam Ali, ‘Pak-China Economic Relations’, Daily Times, 25 February 2010, htt
ps://dailytimes.com.pk/101508/pakistan-china-economic-relations/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  9. Shahbaz Rana, ‘Altered trade route strikes provincialism chord’, The Express Tribune, 12 June 2014, http://tribune.com.pk/story/720692/altered-trade-route-strikes-provincialism-chord/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  10. ‘Ahsan reveal three routes of corridor’, Dawn, 15 May 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1182074/ahsan-revealsthree-routes-of-corridor, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  11. ‘Ahsan Iqbal succeeds in hammering out consensus on CPEC route’, The News, 30 May 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/12743-ahsan-iqbal-succeeds-in-hammering-out-consensus-on-cpec-route, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  12. Shahbaz Rana, ‘Budget 2015-16: 12% of approved funds goes to CPEC’s western alignment’, The Express Tribune, 2 June 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/895940/budget-2015-16-12-of-approved-funds-goes-to-cpecs-western-alignment/, (accessed on 27 February 2018); Khaleeq Kiani, ‘Govt violating APC decision on China corridor’, Dawn, 12 June 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1187722/govt-violating-apc-decision-on-china-corridor, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  13. Andleeb Abbas, ‘Curious Case of the CPEC’, The Daily Times, 17 January 2016, https://dailytimes.com.pk/95883/curious-case-of-the-cpec/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  14. Adnan Aamir, ‘CPEC: The deception continues’, The Nation, 1 January 2016, http://nation.com.pk/blogs/01-Jan-2016/cpec-the-deception-continues, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  15. Mir Mohammad Ali Talpur, ‘Not the Brinjals Servant’, Daily Times, 13 September 2015, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/opinion/13-Sep-2015/not-the-brinjals-servant], (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  16. Obaid Abrar Khan, ‘Pak political parties must hammer out rifts: China’, The Daily Times, 10 January 2016, http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/89216-Pak-political-parties-must-hammer-out-rifts-China, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  17. Rafiullah Kakar, ‘Making sense of the CPEC controversy—III’, The Express Tribune, 11 February 2016, http://tribune.com.pk/story/1045140/making-sense-of-the-cpec-controversy-iii/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  18. Saleem Shahid, ‘Census results hurting Baloch interests won’t be accepted, warns NP’, Dawn, 24 April 2017, https://www.dawn.com/news/1328842/census-results-hurting-baloch-interests-wont-be-accepted-warns-np, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  19. Shezad Baloch, ‘Is Balochistan being ignored again?’, The Express Tribune, 18 December 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/1011795/is-balochistan-being-ignored-again/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  20. Ibid.

  21. ‘Govt must give Baloch people a say in mega projects: Mengal’, Daily Times, 15 September 2015, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/21-Sep-2015/govt-must-give-baloch-people-a-say-in-mega-projects-mengal], (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  22. Shazia Hasanin, ‘Killing of labourers in Gwadar seen as attempt to split Sindhi-Baloch unity’, Dawn, 28 May 2017, http://epaper.dawn.com/DetailImage.php?StoryImage=28_05_2017_121_005, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  23. Raza Wazir, ‘The road to Gwadar passes through Balochistan’, The Friday Times 13 March 2015, http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/the-road-to-gwadar-passes-through-balochistan/#sthash.eOWmMSkd.dpuf, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  24. Fawad Yousafzai, ‘Chinese to outnumber Baloch natives by 2048, says FPCCI’, The Nation, 29 December 2016, http://nation.com.pk/national/29-Dec-2016/chinese-to-outnumber-baloch-natives-by-2048, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  25. Sanaullah Baloch, ‘The Gwadar deal’, The News, 13 February 2016, http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/97926-The-Gwadar-deal, (accessed 27 February 2018).

  26. Adnan Aamir, ‘The Baloch’s concerns’, The News, 31 December 2017, http://tns.thenews.com.pk/balochs-concerns/#.Wkhv7d-WbIU, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  27. Ibid.

  28. Mohammad Zafar, ‘Balochistan reviews progress on CPEC’: The Express Tribune, 01 December 2018 https://tribune.com.pk/story/1857619/1-balochistan-reviews-progress-cpec/, (accessed 20 February 2019).

  29. ‘Shockers In CPEC’, editorial in The Nation, 12 December 2018, https://nation.com.pk/12-Dec-2018/shockers-in-cpec, (accessed on 20 February 2019).

  30. ‘30,000 Chinese Working on CPEC, Other Projects in Pakistan: Ambassador Khalid’, Associated Press of Pakistan, 24 August 2017, http://www.app.com.pk/30000-chinese-working-on-cpec-other-projects-in-pakistan-ambassador-khalid/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  31. ‘Chinese victims’, Dawn, 11 June 2017, https://www.dawn.com/news/1338772, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  32. Sarfaraz Ahmed, ‘The latest hotspot: Gwadar’, Daily Times, 5 May 2004, http://archives.dailytimes.com.pk/national/05-May-2004/comment-the-latest-hotspot-gwadar, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  33. Daily Times, cited in ‘Chinese Engineers in Gwadar Escape Rocket Attacks’, Chennai Centre for Chinese Studies, 10 July 2010, https://www.c3sindia.org/geopolitics-strategy/chinese-engineers-in-gwadar-escape-rocket-attacks/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  34. Archen Baloch, ‘Balochistan: Saindak project oil Tankers attacked in Noshki’, Balochwarna News, 30 September 2015, http://balochwarna.com/2015/09/30/balochistan-saindak-project-oil-tankers-attacked-in-noshki/, (accessed on 2 March 2018).

  35. Raffaello Pantucci, ‘The lesson of the Pakistan suicide attack: China will have to pay a high price for its infrastructure plan’, South China Morning Post, 27 August 2018, ww.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2160918/lesson-pakistan-suicide-attack-china-will-have-pay-high, (accessed on 31 August 2018).

  36. Malik Siraj Akbar, ‘Blind spots in Balochistan’, The News, 23 December 2018, http://tns.thenews.com.pk/blind-spots-balochistan/#.XB9EpVwzbIU, (accessed on 6 January 2019).

  37. Ibid.

  38. ‘China in direct contact with Baloch separatists’, Financial Times, 19 February 2018, cited in The Balochistan Post, 19 February 2018, http://thebalochistanpost.net/2018/02/china-direct-contact-baloch-separatists-financial-times/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  39. Tusar Ranjan Mohanty, ‘Chinese Checkmate’, South Asia Intelligence Review, Vol. 17, No. 10, 3 September 2018, https://www.satp.org/south-asia-intelligence-review-Volume-17-No-10, (accessed 27 February 2019).

  40. ‘China says not in talks with Baloch separatists’, Daily Times, 23 February 2018,

  https://dailytimes.com.pk/206278/china-says-not-talks-baloch-separatists/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  41. Shafqat Ali, ‘Contacts with Baloch Nationals: China not bypassing Pakistan govt’, The Nation, 20 February 2018, https://nation.com.pk/20-Feb-2018/contacts-with-baloch-nationals-china-not-bypassing-pakistan-govt, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  42. Ayesha Tanzeem, ‘China Denies Contacts with Separatist Militants in Pakistan’, Voice of America, 22 February 2018, https://www.voanews.com/a/china-separatist-militants-in-pakistan/4265611.html, (accessed 27 February 2018).

  43. Malik Siraj Akbar, ‘Beijing to Balochistan’, The News, 4 March 2018, http://tns.thenews.com.pk/beijing-balochistan/#.WpubwOhubIU, (accessed on 12 December 2018).

  44. ‘Chinese National Shot in Karachi’s “Targetted” Attack Dies’, Dawn, 5 February 2018, https://www.dawn.com/news/1387470, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  45. ‘Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan claims responsibility for killing Chinese tourist’, The Express Tribune, 2 March 2012, https://tribune.com.pk/story/344297/tehreek-e-taliban-pakistan-claims-responsibility-for-killing-chinese-tourist/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  46. Talat Farooq, ‘Security for CPEC’, The News, 18 June 2017, https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/211243-Security-for-CPEC, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  47. ‘Chinese embassy says its envoy may be attacked’, The News, 22 October 2017, https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/238869-Chinese-embassy-says-its-envoy-may-be-attacked, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  48. ‘Chinese citizens in Pakistan warned of possible terror attacks’, Dawn, 8 December https://www.dawn.com/news/1375350/chinese-citizens-in-pakistan-warned-of-possible-t
error-attacks, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  49. Muhammad Ali Ehsan, ‘Protectors of the CPEC’, The Express Tribune, 25 February 2016, http://tribune.com.pk/story/1054692/protectors-of-the-cpec, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  50. Saheed Shah, ‘Big Chinese-Pakistani Project Tries to Overcome Jihadists, Droughts and Doubts’, The Wall Street Journal, 10 April 2016, http://www.wsj.com/articles/big-chinese-pakistani-project-tries-to-overcome-jihadists-droughts-and-doubts-1460274228, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  51. Irfan Ghauri, ‘Pakistan Navy increases surveillance at Gwadar port’, The Express Tribune, 14 February 2016, https://tribune.com.pk/story/1046498/coast-guard-navy-increases-surveillance-at-gwadar-port/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  52. Shahzada Irfan Ahmed, ‘CPEC is not a game-changer, it’s game over’, The News on Sunday, 2 September 2017, http://tns.thenews.com.pk/cpec-game-changer-game/#.Wa1SaK2B2u5, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  53. Owais Qarni, ‘Iran, Saudi rivalry affects Balochistan: Dr Malik’, The Express Tribune, 18 December 2017, https://tribune.com.pk/story/1586477/1-iran-saudi-rivalry-affects-balochistan-dr-malik/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  54. I.A. Rehman, ‘Baloch concerns revisited’, Dawn, 28 July 2016, https://www.dawn.com/news/1273557, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  55. Abbas Nasir, ‘Will Gen. Bajwa walk the talk?’ Dawn, 7 January 2017, http://www.dawn.com/news/1306805/will-gen-bajwa-walk-the-talk, (accessed on 27 February 2018).

  56. ‘CPEC and Gwadar fishermen’, editorial in Daily Times, 18 March 2019,https://dailytimes.com.pk/366412/cpec-and-gwadar-fishermen/, (accessed on 21 March 2019).

  V: RELENTLESS PERSECUTION

  13. Human Rights Violations

  1. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), ‘Conflict in Balochistan’, Report of the HRCP Fact-Finding Mission, August 2006, p.7, http://hrcp-web.org/hrcpweb/wp-content/pdf/ff/20.pdf, (accessed on 3 March 2018).

  2. Declan Walsh, ‘Pakistan’s Secret Dirty War’, The Guardian, 29 March 2011, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/29/balochistan-pakistans-secret-dirty-war, (accessed on 27 February 2018).