The Politics of Climate Change
Page 32
The Return of History and the End of Dreams (Kagan) 209–13
Rice, Condoleezza 212
Rifkin, Jeremy 132
third industrial revolution 129–31
Rio conference
Carstedt and 127
green movement and 50
IPCC and 185
precautionary principle 55
success of 211
sustainable development 60
risk
assessing seriousness of 8
context of 59
coping with 6
cost-benefit analysis 58–9
ensuring state and 95
importance of global warming 32
investment and 150
precautionary principle 55–9
social perception of 57–8
vulnerabilities 164
Roberts, J. Timmons 178–9
Roberts, Simon 158–9
Rockefeller Foundation 177
Romania 197
Ross, Michael 218
Rousseff, Dilma 225
Rowntree Foundation 154–6
Royal Society 137, 139
Russia
Arctic resources 203–4
asserts power 209–10, 210
authoritarianism 77, 208, 209
fossil fuel resources 44
international agreements 213
Kyoto negotiations 186, 187
oil and gas politics 207, 218
resources of 39
see also Soviet Union
Rwanda 212
Sarkozy, Nicolas 196, 197
Saudi Arabia 215
China and 45
conservativism 217
supply of oil 39
sceptics
attacks on scientists 23–5
exaggerated risks and 8–9
media coverage of 3
public attitudes and 107
science and 20, 31
support base 24–5
tactics of 25–6
viewpoints of 18–25
Scheer, Herman 79
Schröder, Gerhard 80
Schwarzenegger, Arnold 200–1
science 230, 231
co-operative efforts 72
consensus of 25
green principles and 51
greens principles and 73
integrity of data 23
NGOs and 123
sceptics and 9, 20, 23–5, 31
uncertainty of 26
see also radicalism; sceptics; technology
sea level rise
Bangladesh 182–3
cause of 14
future building and 171–2
India 224
the Netherlands and 22–3
predictions of 17
UK coastal management 172–3
security see conflict and warfare
Shanghai Cooperation Organization 208
Shearman, David
The Climate Change Challenge and the Failure of Democracy (with Smith) 76
Shellenberger, Michael 148–9
Sierra Club 50
Singer, Fred 18
The Skeptical Environmentalist (Lomborg) 19
Slovakia 197
Smartgrids (European Commission) 146
Smith, Joseph Wayne
The Climate Change Challenge and the Failure of Democracy (with Shearman) 76
social justice
the bottom billion 213–14
green principles and 51
polluter pays 67
sustainable development and 60
society see civil society; public attitudes
Socolow, Robert 140
solar energy 127
Germany 79
present technology 131, 136–7
status of 138
sun’s outupt 16
UK 85
Somalia 215
South Africa 207
Copenhagen Accord 191–2, 193
Kyoto negotiations 188
South Korea 207
authoritarian modernization 77
Soviet Union 222
planning 95, 98–9
see also Russia
Spain
environmental performance 82–3, 92
local solutions 168
Sri Lanka 180
states
adaptation 97, 165
agriculture and 70
authoritarian 76–7, 208
bad governance 215–16
business lobbies 96, 144
civil war 215
climate change on agenda 96
coalitions and collaborations 220–2
econometric studies 148
ensuring 71–2, 94
inertia of 92
innovative technology and 140–6
as insurer 177–8
international agreements and 4
leadership of problem 107
levels of 5
local and regional integration with 97
market intervention 95–6
natural resources of 215
planning 98
political and economic convergence 95
as poverty traps 214–16
precautionary principle 57
responsibility of industrialized 9
security concerns 90–1
sovereignty of 209–13
support from citizens 94
thinking ahead 94–5
see also democracy; local governance; regions
Stavins, Robert 198
Stern, Nicholas 48–9
stewardship 62
Storms of My Grandchildren (Hansen) 28–9
Strahan, David 38
subsidiarity 168
Sudan 215, 216
drought 179–80
resources and conflict 205, 208
Sunstein, Cass 56–9
Suntech 223
Sununu, John H. 122
sustainability
concept of 61–2
future generations and 52–3
green principles and 51
politics of 71
‘sustainable development’ 59–61
Sustainability Index 61–2
Sustainable Consumption and Production Action Plan 169
Sustainable Society Index (SSI) 65
Sweden
Arctic resources 204
carbon tax 153
Carstedt and biofuels 127–8
energy efficiencies 35
environmental performance 77–9, 87
nuclear power 51
as utopia 160
Swiss Re 177
Switzerland 215
environmental performance 77
nuclear power 134
systems analysis
neglecting 58
Tajikistan 179, 208
Talberth, John 64
Tata, Ratan 46
taxes, carbon 78–9, 91, 96–7
concepts of 151–3
Denmark 81
EU and 84, 195–9, 201
handicap for business 7
as incentives 152
industrial lobbies and 122
oil-rich countries and 218
Rowntree on the UK 154–6
taxing polluters 148
UK Climate Change levy 83–4
technology 230, 231–2
assessing new 66, 121
discussion of 121
eco-towns 145
economics of 141
expansion of 17
green principles and 51, 73
industry’s R&D 142
innovations 10
investing in low-carbon 89
policies for 117
present low-carbon 131–40
questions concerning 7
shale extraction of gas 40–1
spill-over effects 144–5
state role in innovation 140–6
storing energy 145–6
subsidies 96
third industrial revolution 129–31
unknown future of 61
utopian
ideals 160–2
see also low-carbon living; science
terrorism and oil 217–18
Tesco 123
Thatcher, Margaret 83
Thoreau, Henry David 50, 51
Thumin, Joshua 158–9
tidal and wave energy 85, 131, 134
tourism 167, 168
Transparency International 216
transport
carbon tax 155
fossil fuel lobbies 121–2
low-carbon living 161–2
see also car industry
Tunisia 218
Tusk, Donald 197
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change
Research 158, 194
Tyndall, John 11
Uganda 215
Ukraine 219
Chernobyl 134
uncertainty, coping with 6
United Kingdom
carbon tax 154–6
Climate Change Act 84
Climate Change Committee 118, 119
coal 132
coast management 172–3
coastal management 181
Energy Act 84
energy markets 42–3
environmental performance 83–7, 91
floods in 170–2, 177, 181
Foresight report 67–8
imperialism and oil 34
nuclear power 132
political consensus 117–19
public attitudes 103–5, 105–8
resists EU tax 198
scientists defend evidence 24
weather events and 166
wind power 134–5
United Nations
Adaptation Fund 163
Bali conference 189
Cancun conference 193–4
climate change leadership of 3–4, 208, 227–8
Copenhagen conference 190–2
decline of 210
Kyoto conference 185–9
Millennium Declaration 214
successes of 211–13
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
job creation and 147
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 185
United States
Arctic resources 203–4
Bush outlook and 209, 212–13
car use 160
carbon markets 199, 200–1
carbon tax 153–4
Clean Energy and Security Act 88
coal use 41, 47, 136
collaboration with China 222–4
dependence on oil 44
earthquakes 177
Energy Policy Conservation Act 35–6
energy use 33, 45
environmental performance 87–90, 91
hurricanes 174–5, 176, 177
importance of 230–2
industrial lobby groups 122
job creation 148–50
low-emission cars 109
Middle East and oil 9, 34, 39, 47
NAFTA 210
oil source 36
opposes emissions agreements 185–7
plastic trees 52
polarized politics 117
public attitudes 105
re-engages in negotiations 190–1
resource conflicts 207–8
sulphur dioxide emissions 198–9
weather events 165
United States Geological Survey
Emergency Events Database 178–9
Uzbekistan 208
Venus 28–9
Victor, David 40
Vietnam
Climate Risk Index 179, 180
Wal-Mart 123, 124
Waldpolenz Solar Park 79
Water Framework Directive 169
water vapour 11
Waxman, Henry 88
weather events
from climate change 14–15
Climate Risk Index 179–80
economic impact 64
Europe 167
foregrounding issues 115
India 224
insurance and 173–8
El Niño/La Niña 27, 28
rainfall and drought 17
Shetland storms 170
Wen Jiabao 191
White, Stuart 101
Wikileaks 39
wind power 127
Denmark 35, 81
Germany 79
Kyoto projects 189
present technology 131, 134–5
UK 85
Witoelar, Rachmat 189
World Bank
Cancun negotiations 193
Carbon Finance Unit 201
Clean Development Mechanism and 188
World Commission on Environment and Development 59–60
World Economic Forum
Sustainability Index 61–2
World Trade Organization
multilateral trade agreements 220–1
Russia and Kyoto agreement 187
World Wildlife Fund 123
Coca-Cola and 125, 126
Xcel Energy 110
Yale University
Environmental Performance Index 77