What Every American Should Know About Europe
Page 51
4. Robert Pearce, “Josef Klemenis Pilsudski: Robert Pearce Introduces the Man Who Has Been Called the ‘George Washington of Poland.’” History Review, Sept. 1, 2003.
5. Ibid.
6. Source: Holocaust Learning Center.
7. Jan Stopasal, “Creative Bloc,” Time International, May 20, 2002.
8. Peter Stalker, Oxford Handbook of the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000: p. 255.
9. The report, the PAN “Committee of Prognosis—Poland in the 21st Century,” is discussed in depth by Czeslaw Mojsiewicz, “Fears and Doubts in Poland: Internal Obstacles to European Integration,” World Affairs, Vol.158, Sept. 1, 1995.
10. Source: Kaleidoscope magazine, Sept. 1994; also see: www.polishvodka.com.pl/bisons.htm.
11. Source: United States Holocaust Memorial Center.
12. “Death of a mythmaker,” Newsweek, May 13, 1991.
13. Information mostly derived from the article by Szydlo Zbigniew and Richard Brzezinski, “A New Light on Alchemy,” History Today, Vol. 47, Jan. 1, 1997.
Chapter 18: Hungary
1. Forbes Global 2000 for 2005.
2. See: Kristen Schweitzer, “Shadows of Poverty, Business Hungary,” publication of American Chamber of Commerce in Hungary, September 2003 (http://www.amcham.hu/BusinessHUngary/17-08/articles/17-08_34.asp).
3. See: Kristen Schweitzer, “Shadows of Poverty, Business Hungary,” publication of American Chamber of Commerce in Hungary, September 2003 (http://www.amcham.hu/BusinessHUngary/17-08/articles/17-08_34.asp). Some say closer to 30%.
4. Allies invaded in 1918 at the close of World War I; Czech, Slovaks, and Romanians invaded in 1919; Nazis invaded in 1944 when Hungary tried to change teams; Soviets invaded in 1945 to chase Nazis out; and Soviets invaded again in 1956 to put down a revolution.
5. F. Branfman, “In Search of the Hungarian Soul,” Budapest Week, June 2, 1992.
6. American Foundation for Suicide Prevention.
7. “Hungary 1956,” History Learning Site (www.historylearningsite.co.uk/hungary_1956.htm).
8. So believe some Hungarian journalists who prefer to remain unnamed.
9. “Those Heroic Days…,” Facts About Hungary, ed. Imre Kovacs (New York, Hungarian Committee, 1958), pp. 83–68. See: Richard Lettis, “The Hungarian Revolt,” Hungarian-history.com (http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/revolt/rev03.htm).
10. As quoted on http://historylearningsite.co.uk/hungary_1956.htm.
11. “Viktor Orbán, an Assertive Hungarian,” The Economist, Feb. 28, 2002.
12. Ibid.
13. Helen Connolly, “Hungary for New Leadership,” The Guardian (London), Apr. 10, 2002.
14. Peter Sanfey and Utku Teksoz, “Does Transition Make You Happy?” European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, June 2005; suicide rates source: WHO.
15. Simon Araloff, “Russia to Pay for Hungary’s Reform,” Axis Information and Analysis, May 10, 2006.
16. Michael Kovrig, “Splitsville in Old Hungary,” U.S. News and World Report, Aug. 7, 2000.
17. OECD figures for 2000; OECD notes that the percentage of obesity might be even higher.
18. Margaret McMillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World. New York: Random House, 2001: p. 265.
Chapter 19: Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
1. Interview with author, April 2004.
2. “Estonia Minister Rails Against the West’s Arrogance,” Reuters, Dec. 14, 1999.
3. Michael Tarm, “The Forgotten War,” City Paper (The Baltic States), 1996 (http://www.balticsww.com/forgotten.htm).
4. Ibid.
5. Interview with author, April 2004.
6. Susan B. Glasser, “Tensions with Russia Propel Baltic States Toward NATO,” The Washington Post, Oct. 7, 2002.
7. “The Baltic States: Knocking at the Clubhouse Door,” The Economist, Aug. 30, 2001.
Chapter 20: Estonia
1. “The Top 1,000 Companies of Central Europe 2005,” Central European Capital Ltd., 2005.
2. Lonely Planet World Guide: Destination Estonia (www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/europe/estonia/htm).
3. “The Top Ten Misconceptions about Estonia,” City Paper (The Baltic States).
4. Estonia Guide, City Paper (The Baltic States).
5. “The Baltic Bobsleigh,” The Economist, Feb. 5, 1998.
6. Source: Helsingin Sanomat.
Chapter 21: Latvia
1. “The Top 1,000 Companies of Central Europe 2005,” Central European Capital Ltd., 2005.
2. Interview with the author, March 2004.
3. Interview with author, March 2004.
4. Interview with author, March 2004.
5. So says Frank Brown, Newsweek International, Nov. 3, 2003.
6. “Latvia History: A Brief Chronology,” City Paper (The Baltic States) (www.balticsww.com/tourist/latvia/history.htm).
Chapter 22: Lithuania
1. “The Top 1,000 Companies of Central Europe 2005,” Central European Capital Ltd., 2005.
2. Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World. New York: Random House, 2001.
3. “Lithuanian Government Declares War Against Rampaging Crime,” Itar-Tass, Jan. 18, 1997.
4. Liudas Dapkas, “Lithuanians Are Tired of Outspoken Leader…,” Associated Press, July 26, 1998.
5. Lithuania Guide, City Paper (The Baltic States).
Chapter 23: Former Czechoslovakia: Czech Republic and Slovak Republic
1. Kenneth Banta, “In a secluded wood 55 miles east of Prague…,” Time International, Mar. 26, 1990.
2. BBC: “On this Day—1968: Russia Brings Winter to Prague Spring.”
3. David Corn, “Frank Zappa: Trading Partner,” The Nation, Mar. 19, 1990.
Chapter 24: Czech Republic
1. Forbes Global 2000 for 2005.
2. Gareth Harding, “Proud Czechs Refuse to Be EU Pawns,” United Press International, Apr. 22, 2004.
3. Francis Harris, “Czech Gangs Kidnap Women as Sex Slaves,” The Sunday Telegraph (London), Mar. 8, 1998.
4. Jan Stojaspal, “In Winning Form?…,” Time International, June 17, 2002.
Chapter 25: Slovak Republic
1. “The Top 1,000 Companies of Central Europe 2005,” Central European Capital Ltd., 2005.
2. Knight Ridder News Service, June 22, 1999.
3. Peter Green, “School Text Glorifies Slovakia’s Role as Nazi Puppet,” International Herald Tribune, Aug. 13, 1997; “Skewed Book on Holocaust to Remain in Slovak Schools,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, July 11, 1997.
4. Peter Green, “School Text Glorifies Slovakia’s Role as Nazi Puppet,” International Herald Tribune, Aug. 13, 1997.
Chapter 26: Slovenia
1. “The Top 1,000 Companies in Central Europe 2005,” Central European Capital Ltd., 2005.
2. Samantha Henry, “The Art of the Possible,” Newsday, Feb. 17, 2002.
3. Ibid.
4. Source: Lonely Planet World Guide: Destination Slovenia (www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/europe/slovenia/).
5. Thanks to Jaka Bartolj.
Chapter 27: Cyprus
1. Source: Lonely Planet World Guide: Destination Cyprus (www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/europe/cyprus/).
Chapter 28: Malta
1. So called by the George Cross Data collection board.
2. Some information in this section drawn from Lonely Planet World Guide: Destination Malta (www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/europe/malta.htm).
Bibliography
Books
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Booker, Christopher, and Richard North. The Great Deception: Can the European Union Survive? London: Continuum International, 2005.
Boorstin, Daniel J. The Discoverers: A History of Man’s Search to Know His World and Himself. New York: Random House, 1985.
Cirlot, Juan Eduardo. Gaudí: An Introduction to His Architecture. New York: Triangle Postals, 2002.
Crow, John A. Spain: The Root and the Flower, 3rd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
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Evans, Graham, and Jeffrey Newnham. The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations. London: Penguin Books, 1998.
Ferguson, Niall. Empire: How Britain Made the World. London: Penguin, 2004.
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Hochschild, Adam. King Leopold’s Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa. New York: Mariner Books, 1999.
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Library of Congress Country Studies for all countries.
Martin, Russell. Picasso’s War: The Destruction of Guernica and the Masterpiece That Changed the World. New York: Plume, 2003.
McCauley, Lucy, ed. Travelers’ Tales: Spain. San Francisco: Travelers’ Tales, 1998.
McEvedy, Colin. The Penguin Atlas of Recent History: Europe Since 1815. New York: Penguin, 2002.
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Newspapers, Magazines, Broadcast Media, and Online Resources
The Baltic Times
Budapest Week
The Christian Science Monitor
City Paper—The Baltic States
Columbia Journalism Review
Contemporary Review
The Daily Telegraph
Der Spiegel
Economist
El País
EUbusiness.com
EUobserver.com
The European
Forbes
The Guardian (London)
Helsingin Sanomat
History Review
The Independent
International Herald Tribune
The Jakarta Post
The Jerusalem Post
Le Monde Diplomatique
Lonely Planet Country Guides
The Nation
National Geographic
The New Republic
New Statesman
New Scotsman
Newsweek
The New York Times
The New Yorker
The Observer (London)
Searchlight
Time
US News & World Report
The Wall Street Journal
The Washington Post
ABC News
Associated Press
BBC
CBS News: 60 Minutes
CNN
National Public Radio
PBS
Radio Free Europe
Radio Netherlands
Radio Prague
Reuters
Columbia Encyclopedia
Common Dreams (www.commondreams.org)
Enchanted Learning (www.enchantedlearning.com)
The European Union Online (http://europa.eu.int)
Europe Direct (http://europa.eu.int/europedirect)
Lonely Planet (www.lonelyplanet.com)
Microsoft Encarta
Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org)
Government Web Sites for all countries
Tourism sites for all countries
Index
ABBA, 243, 254, 257, 258
Abu Hafs al-Masri, 136
Acropolis, 211
Adami, Eddie Fenech, 390, 397, 399
Adamkus, Valdus, 316, 336, 343, 344
Adams, Gerry, 120, 128, 130
Adrià, Ferran, 134
Aeschylus, 215
Afonso Henriques of Portugal, 159, 160
Ahern, Bertie, 117, 130
Åland Islands, Finland, 266
Albania, 89, 100, 219, 369
Albert II, King of Belgium, 105, 116
Alentejo, Portugal, 169
Alexander the Great, 216, 379
Alexander VI, Pope, 162
Alexandria, Egypt, 216
Algarve, Portugal, 159, 169
Algeria, 14, 22, 25, 28, 29, 30
Alhambra (Spain), 150
Almodóvar, Pedro, 133
Alsace-Lorraine, 23, 34, 46
Alva, Duke of, 179
Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 171, 184
Andalusia (al-Andalus), 134, 139, 140
Andersen, Hans Christian, 231, 240
Andreotti, Giulio, 99
Anger, Per, 252
Annan Plan, 383
Anschluss, 196, 203, 205, 272
Ansip, Andrus, 324, 328
Antwerp, Belgium, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 114, 116
Aphrodite’s Love Rock (Cyprus), 388
Arab European League, 109, 110
Arafat, Yasser, 254
Ardennes, 274
Aristotle, 214
Armed Forces Movement, 168
Arthur, King of England, 66
Athens, Greece, 209, 212, 213, 215, 218, 219, 220, 222–223
Athos, Mount, 224
Augustus, 92
Auschwitz, 288, 294, 313, 366
Austria, 3, 45–46, 52, 182, 287, 302, 307, 347, 351, 352, 368, 369, 374, 377
current leaders/famous people of, 207–208
famous places and landmarks of, 206
fast facts about, 190–191
history of, 198–205
overview of, 191–197
U.S. and, 195, 196, 205
World War I and, 47, 97, 192–193, 194
World War II and, 49, 192–193, 194, 196, 197, 202, 203–205
Austrian Empire, 45, 111, 198, 199, 200, 201, 272, 302, 307, 346, 355, 364, 370
Austro-Hungarian Empire, 198, 200, 202, 302, 307
Autobahn, 55
Autostrada, 101
Aviano air force base (Italy), 100
Axel, Gabriel, 232
Aznar, José María, 136, 137, 138, 151
Azores, Portugal, 169–170
Badoglio, Pietro, 98
Balboa, Vasco Núñez de, 141
Balfour Declaration, 73
Balkenende, Jan Peter, 171, 176, 185, 186
Baltic States (see also Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania)
economies of, 319, 323
history of, 319–323
overview of, 315–319
U.S. and, 321, 322
World War I and, 320
World War II and, 317, 318, 320–321
Banska Bystrica, Slovakia, 365
Barcelona, Spain, 134, 135, 145, 148, 149
Barroso, José Manuel Durão, 157, 170
Bartók, Béla, 313
Basques/Basque country, 135, 136–137, 146–147, 148, 149
Bavaria, Germany, 54, 56
Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands, 171, 186
Beauvoir, Simone de, 29
Beckers, Martine, 111
Becquerel, Henri, 297
Belgium, 3, 16, 27, 34, 138, 183, 199, 269, 272
Congo and, 113
current leaders/famous people of, 115–116
famous places and landmarks of, 114–115
fast facts about, 105–106
history of, 111–114
overview of, 106–111
World War I and, 114
World War II and, 49, 114, 273
Belgium War Crimes Law, 111
Bell, Alexander Graham, 84
Bell, Gertrude, 73
Benedict XVI, Pope, 104, 167
Beneš, Edvard, 75, 347, 362
Benigni, Roberto, 101
Benz, Karl, 46
Bergman, Ingmar, 257
Bergman, Ingrid, 257
Berlin airlift, 50–51
Berlin, Germany, 37, 38, 45, 50–51, 53
Berlusconi, Silvio, 88–89, 134
Bernadotte, Jean-Baptiste (King Charles XIV), 251
Berners-Lee, Tim, 61
Bernhard, Prince of the Netherlands, 186
Binchy, Maeve, 131
Birdlife Malta, 399
Birkenau, 288, 294
Bismarck, Otto von, 23, 45–46
Black and Tans, 126
Black Hand, 200
Blair, Tony, 58, 61, 62–63, 65–66, 78–79, 81, 111
Boer War, 72, 73, 76
Bohemia, 354, 355
Bohinj (Slovenia), 376
Bonaparte, Joseph, 143, 144, 166
Bono, 119, 131
Bono, José, 137
Book of Kells, 123
Bossi, Umberto, 89, 197
Boswell, James, 83
Botticelli, Sandro, 94
Brahe, Tycho, 235–236, 346
Brandt, Willy, 51
Bratislava, Slovakia, 306, 351, 360, 365
Brazauskas, Algirdas, 336, 344
Brezhnev, Leonid, 348–349
Britain, Battle of, 76
British National Party, 64
Brittany, France, 34
Brown, Gordon, 63, 81
Brueghel, Pieter the Elder, 112, 183
Bruges, Belgium, 107, 115
Brunelleschi, Filippo, 94
Brussels, Belgium, 105, 107, 110, 111, 112, 114, 120, 196
Buda Castle (Hungary), 312
Budapest, Hungary, 299, 300–301, 306, 307–308, 309, 311, 346
Bulgaria, 219, 369
Bulge, Battle of the, 114, 273, 274