lost opportunities for making stand, 144–5
loses chance of Russian alliance, 148–52, 155–7
brought closer to France, 152
Hitler on war strength of, 155
proclaims treaty with Poland, 158
prepares for war, 158, 161
Fifth Column in, 160
ultimatum of, 161
reaction in, to attack on Finland, 196–8, 200–1, 279
agrees not to make separate peace, 202, 302
formless method of military co-ordination in, 204–6
mines channel to Narvik, 206
responds to Norway’s appeals, 210–13
Communism in, 213, 327
scale of contribution to war effort, 223–7
American aid to, in munitions and ships, 226, 326–7, 499
shipping losses of, 227
ability of, “to go it alone”, 260–2, 312
morale of people of, 262, 293, 321–2
determined to fight on, 264, 271, 273–4, 312–13, 321–2
seeks to improve relations with Russia, 280
Italy at war with, 278–9, 321
possibilities of German attack on, 292
system of Commands in defence of, 295–6
plans counter-offensive, 296–7
France offered union with, 308–10
gains command of sea, 320
stands alone, 321
German difficulties in invasion of, 323, 327–30, 335–7, 339–41
weakness of German Intelligence in, 323, 327
Hitler’s “Peace Offer” to, 323–4, 344
increasing strength of, 326–7, 330, 332
spies in, 327, 340
unity achieved by, in war direction, 235, 392
“invasion imminent” announced in, 340
system of control of fighter operations in, 341
triumph of Parliamentary Democracy in, 359
bombing of industrial centres of, 364–5
air-attacks on sea-borne trade of, 364, 390
Dollar problem of, 367–70
promises aid to Greece, 381
Italian air attack on, 385
position of, at end of 1940, 386–7
her most splendid year, 387
U-boat blockade of, 388, 390, 397–402
bombing of ports of, 390–1
Balkan policy of, 393, 395–6, 407–10, 415
ultimatum of, to Hungary, 412
treaty of, with Iraq, 437
help to Russia from, 456, 461–2, 464, 466–7, 470–2, 606
sacrifices of, to supply Russia, 462, 465, 467, 470, 499
U.S. misgivings about strategy of, 473–4
Japanese assets frozen in, 478
U.S. at war beside, 492–3
declares war on Japan, 492–3
period of military disasters for, 506, 515–16, 621
nakedness of, in Far East, 517
sends escort ships to U.S., 532
pools information on atom bomb with U.S., 564, 963
period of success before, 622, 630
need for Anglo-American build-up of troops in, 641
church bells rung in triumph in, 662
has preponderance of strength over Americans in N. Africa, 667
and command in Sicily and Italy, 681–2
discussions on post-war responsibilities of, 732–5
position of, with regard to Yugoslavia, 762–3
represented at Dumbarton Oaks, 851
feels responsibility for fate of Poland, 851, 882–3, 892, 908–9
loses unity in Government at moment of victory, 930
U.S. attitude towards, and Potsdam, 930–1, 933
recognises Polish Provisional Government, 933–4
General Election in, 934, 938, 944, 949–50, 953
supplies coal to liberated countries, 947
need for special relationship between, U.S. and, 959
signs treaty with France, 960
in Western Union, 960
and N.A.T.O., 960
and giving arms to Germany, 961
U.S. aircraft in, 961
U.S. economic aid to, 961–2
U.S. denies nuclear information to, 963–4
and Korean War, 969–70
and Arab countries of Middle East, 971
and Israel, 971–2. See also Air raids; Britain, Battle of; Invasion.
Greece, Italian threat to, 146
British guarantee to, 148, 381
Italian invasion of, 380–1, 384
German threat to, 392–3
determined to fight, 394, 408
British help for, 394–5, 407–9, 483
Yugoslavia in relation to German invasion of, 411
British expedition to, 413–14, 416–19
German invasion of, 416–18
British evacuation from, 417–19
surrender of, 418, 763
invasion of Crete from, 427–8
Russia expels Legation of, 452
Bulgarian troops in, 728
anti-monarchal feeling in, 763
rival resistance movements in, 763
sabotage of German communications in, 763–4
civil war in, 764
German reinforcements drawn to, 764
representative government of, in Cairo, 765, 804
rumours of German evacuation of, 804
appeals for British aid, 804–805
Government of, in Italy, 805, 866
right of choice of government of, 805, 854
Russia agrees to British influence in, 810–13, 852–3, 867
British concern as to future of, 812–13, 851, 854–5
elections in, 854, 889, 902
politics in, 866
liberation of, 866–7
agreement between factions in, 866–7
relief for, 867
civil war in, 868–72, 873–5, 958–9
Churchill in, 872–4, 891
formation of new government for, under Damas-kinos, 874–5
freed from threat of Communism, 875, 876, 902
withdrawal of troops from, 877
free of Russian yoke, 935, 955
Greek Army, defeats Italians, 381, 384, 419
fighting in Albania, 392, 414, 417–419
on Aliakhmon Line, 413–14
surrender of, 417–18
destruction of, 763
mutiny in, 764–5, 811
formation of new National, 868, 874
Greek Mountain Brigade, 868
Greek Navy, 419, 712
mutiny in, 764–5 811
Greenland, 401–3
Greenwood, Rt. Hon. Arthur, speaks “for England”, 161
and National Government (1940), 216, 219, 229
presides over Production Council, 293
Grenoble, 802
Grey, Earl, on potentialities of U.S.A., 493
Griffiths, Lieutenant P.M.K., 316 n.
Griz-Nez, heavy-gun batteries at, 335
Grodno, 815
Grozny oilfields, 657
Guadalcanal, 539, 541
Guam, 834
Guarantee, Treaty of, 7–8
Guderian, General, 471
Guernica, bombing of, 94
Guest, Captain F. E., 59
Guingand, General de, 895
Gustav Line, 769–71
“Gymnast”, Operation, 552, 580 n., 581, 585
Haakon II, King of Norway, 210
Habbaniya, 437–9, 444
Hacha, Dr., 136
Hagelin, M., 195
Hague, The, 241
Halder, General von, and Hitler’s intentions towards Czechoslovakia, 123
on German weakness in W. at time of Munich, 137
on German weakness in E. in 1940, 239
on Hitler’s orders to halt armour, 255–6
and invasion plan, 336–337, 340–1
on Hitler’s orders on Russian prisoners, 454–5
dismissal of, 657
Halfa
ya Pass, 379, 442–3
Halifax, Nova Scotia, convoys from, 171, 398, 401, 534
Churchill sails to and from, 696, 704
Halifax, Earl of, and Indian self-government, 20
receives deputation, 96
and Chamberlain, 105
Foreign Secretary, 111, 119, 220
believes no country seeks war, 127
reactions of, to Czech crisis, 128–30, 132
follows Chamberlain’s policy, 133
in Italy, 140, 274
in War Cabinet, 166
at Allied Supreme Council (1939), 190
and Premiership, 216–17
present at last visit to France, 301–2
broadcasts on Hitler’s “Peace Offer”, 324
Ambassador to U.S., 372–373, 562
mentioned, 88, 907
Halsey, Admiral F. W. (U.S.), 835–7, 841–843
Hamar, 210
Hamburg, 925
Hammam, 620
Hampton Roads, 503, 530, 534
Hanfstaengl, Herr, 40
Hango, Russia demands lease of, 195
Hankey, Lord, 166
Hardy, H.M.S., 209–10
Harriman, Averell, Mission of, to Moscow, 467, 469–71
visits Egypt, 473
hears of attack on Pearl Harbour, 491
flies with Churchill to Moscow, 597, 599
and Trans-Persian railway, 597–8
in Moscow conferences, 600, 603, 605, 607–9
at Teheran, 734
mentioned, 567
Harrogate, 361
Hart, Admiral (U.S.), 494–5
Hartland, H.M.S., 636
Harwich, 324, 328, 331
Harwood, Admiral Sir H., at Battle of River Plate, 179–81, 184–5
on fall of Tobruk, 564–5
in conference with Churchill in Cairo, 589
Hastings, 337
Hatteras, Cape, 530
Havock, H.M.S., 209–10
Havre, 51st Highland Division near, 285–286
on fire, 290
invasion of Britain from, 337, 339
German naval reinforcements at, 779
capture of, 845–6
Hawaii, attack on shipping at, 491
“Heavy water”, 563
Hecla, H.M.S., 479
“Hedgehog”, the, 379
Helsingfors, air attacks on, 196
Hendaye, 938
Henderson, Admiral Sir Reginald, 164
Henlein, Herr, 124, 127–30
Heraklion, 428, 430, 432, 434
Hereward, H.M.S., 432
Hermann Goering Division in Warsaw, 817
Hermes, H.M.S., at Dakar, 319
Herriot, Edouard, 32, 303
Plan of, 36
Hess, Rudolf, 26
Hesse, Prince Philip of, 116–17
Hillington, Glasgow, bombing of, 364
Himmler, Heinrich, S.S. under, 48, 52
on end of war, 323
end of, 924–5
Hindenburg, Marshal, President of Germany, 7, 15–16, 28, 30
successor for, 28–9, 48
re-election of, 31
dismisses Bruening, 32
and Hitler, 34
death of, 51
Hipper, the, 399
Hiroshima, 12, 942
Hiryu, the, 547
Hitler, Adolf, fills void in Germany, 7, 31
hatred of, for Jews, 10, 24–6, 40
crimes of Germany under, 12, 35
early life of, 24–5
storm troopers of, 25, 28, 49, 52
failure of Putsch of, 26
outlines his policy in Mein Kampf, 26–7
progress of doctrine of, 27–8
compact between Reichswehr and, 29–30, 33
successor to Hindenburg, 29, 51
plots against, 30, 49, 132, 454 n.
defeated in election, 31
becomes Chancellor, 34
measures of, against Communists, 34–5
granted emergency powers, 35
rearms Germany, 37, 55–62
fails to meet Churchill, 40
Austrian aims of, 45–6, 51
meets Mussolini, 46, 201, 279, 685, 767
disaffection in S.A. against, 47–8
and “Night of Long Knives”, 49–50
absolute dictatorship of, 52
claims to have reached parity in air, 60
openly challenges peace treaty, 63
on date of war with England, 68, 112
Army subordinated to, 69
reopens Staff College, 70
believes Britain degenerate, 78
opposes French pact with Russia, 85
reoccupies Rhineland, 86
in conflict with Generals, 87–8, 90, 112, 118, 124–5, 132, 134, 137
enhanced prestige of, 90–1, 134
successful bluffs of, 92, 125
territorial demands of, 103, 112, 132
Chamberlain prepared to offer colonial concessions to, 105
coerces Schuschnigg, no, 114–16
outlines policy, 112
determines to act now, 112–13
assumes direct military control, 113
Papen on charm of, 115
occupies Austria, 116
his gratitude to Mussolini, 116–17
his entry into Vienna, 117–18
calls for preparations to take Czechoslovakia, 124–5, 127
seeks guarantee of inaction from Beneš, 125
speeches of, attacking Czechs, 130, 131–2
Chamberlain’s visits to, 133–4
enters Prague, 142
fails to understand Chamberlain, 143
further breaches of faith of, 148
quandary of, if faced by war on two fronts, 149
Molotov and, 150
on war with England and France, 155
unnatural pact of, with Stalin, 157–8
postpones attack on Poland, 158
acquiesces in Italy’s neutrality, 159
enters Warsaw, 169
“secret weapons” of, 175, 918
orders of, to Graf Spee, 185
captured invasion plans of, 191–2
and invasion of Norway, 193, 195, 199–200
and Russian defeat in Finland, 197
military initiative rests with, 254
orders halting of armoured formations, 255–6
prepares for war with Russia, 280–1, 352, 390, 407, 447–53
seeks free hand in Eastern Europe, 313
possible terms of, to Britain, 313
strategic mistakes of, 322, 329–30, 440, 689
and invasion of England, 323, 330, 333, 335, 337, 339, 341–2, 343–4, 352
“Peace Offer” of, 323–4, 344
triumph of, in France, 339
authorises intensification of air war on Britain, 345
reprisals against, 353–4
aims of, in Balkans, 392–3
lost opportunity of, in use of battleships, 399
anxious not to provoke U.S., 403
Yugoslav ministers sign pact with, 410
demands “annihilation” of Yugoslavia, 411–12
receives Schulenburg, 451
orders of, as to treatment of Russians, 454–5
Britain’s determination to destroy, 456–7
clashes with Generals on strategy on Russia, 465–6
reinforces Rommel in air, 490
surprised at Japanese attack, 495
orders attack on U.S. ships, 495
reinforces N. Africa, 502, 642, 660–1
advantage to, of “Overlord” in 1943, 502
and Baltic States, 511
believes attack will come in Norway, 530
clashes with Admirals on war in Atlantic, 530–1
prepares for attack on Azores or Madeira, 534
presses for attack on Egypt, 577, 579
postpones attack on Malta, 579
forbids retreat at Alamein, 628
and us
e of Tunisian ports, 635
squanders his strength, 642, 675, 689
demands of, on Armies in Russia, 657–8
and fall of Mussolini, 689–90
rescues Mussolini, 689, 767
refuses to evacuate Ægean, 709
reinforces Italy, 710, 712
despises Mussolini, 768–9
orders holding of Gustav Line, 770
and Anzio, 772–3
believes attack will come in Normandy, 787
refuses to give ground in France, 789, 790 n., 794
attempt on life of, 790–791
orders counter-attack on Mortain, 794
plans counter-offensive through Ardennes, 864–5
possible last stand of, 897, 915, 919, 924
refuses to seek terms from Western Powers, 903
refuses to give ground in Italy, 915
successor to, 924–5
death of, 924, 939
Hitler Youth, 69
Ho Chi Minh, 968
Hoare, Rt. Hon. Sir Samuel, Foreign Minister, 66
consultations of, over Abyssinia, 74
addresses League, 74–5
proposals of, on Abyssinia, 79–81, 275
resigns, 81
Lord Privy Seal in War Cabinet, 166
Hoare-Laval Pact, 80–1
Hobart, H.M.A.S., 540
Hogg, Major the Hon. Quintin, 357
Holland, possibility of German invasion through, 189–202
capture of plan for invasion of, 192
invasion of, 217–18, 240–1
water obstacles of, 218, 240–1
capitulation of, 242
Japanese assets frozen by, 478
declares war on Japan, 494
operations in (1944), 846–9
surrender of Germans in, 925
joins Western Union and N.A.T.O., 960
Holland, Captain C. S., 317–18
Hollis, Colonel Sir Leslie, 234, 475, 500, 513
“Holy Trinity”, the, 360
Home Defence, 292–6, 332
fighter aircraft needed for, 240–2, 287, 289, 322
Churchill’s speech on, 274
anti-tank, 294–6
anti-airlanding, 296, 326
demolition of resources in, 296
assisted by rapidity of fall of France, 322
coastal defences in, 324–5, 331–2
Brooke in charge of, 325, 331
arms for, 326–7
weakness in tanks for, 424
British confidence in (1941), 474. See also Invasion
Home Fleet, strength of (1940), 332
at “Overlord”, 781
Home Guards, 293–5
arming of, 326–7
ring church bells, 340
at approach of D Day, 778
Hong Kong, 498, 537, 843
Hood, H.M.S., 75, 316
Hopkins, Harry, 389–90
missions of, to London, 389, 473–4
flies to Moscow, 475
present at Churchill’s talks with Roosevelt, 503, 563–5, 665–6
in London to discuss Second Front, 550–2, 582, 585
greets Churchill at Staten Island, 664
at Quebec, 696
The Second World War Page 133
