The Roberts Court: The Struggle for the Constitution
Page 45
Grutter decision and, 88–89
implications of Supreme Court ruling on, 118–19
Kennedy’s concurring opinion in, 110–11, 118
Korrell’s brief for, 87–88, 92
Madden and, 86, 92, 93–94, 118
moot courts for, 92
oral arguments in, 89–90, 97, 98–102
petition for review granted in, 76–77
Roberts’s opinion in, 109–10, 118, 239
Thomas’s dissent from denial of review in, 76
see also Louisville school lawsuit; Seattle school lawsuit
Seattle School District, 85, 118
increased racial isolation in, 77
mandatory busing plan of, 35–36
NAACP segregation suit against, 34–35
voluntary integration plan of, 35
Seattle School District, “open choice” plan of, 29, 32–33, 119
“backpack budgeting” in, 36
deactivation of racial tiebreaker in, 55
halting middle-class flight as goal of, 36
parent dissatisfaction with, 37–38
as racial balancing, 52
racial diversity as goal of, 29, 30–31, 36, 53
as racially neutral, 39, 54
tiebreakers in, 30–31, 33, 36–38, 41
Seattle school lawsuit, 29, 84, 376
Browne and, 49, 52, 87–88
Korrell in, 48–49, 51–52, 65, 75, 76
Madden in, 53–54, 76
neighborhood school issue in, 54
Ninth Circuit of Appeals ruling on, 55, 59, 60, 64–65
Pacific Legal Foundation and, 49, 52
petition for review filed in, 70, 75–76
public reaction to, 52
Rothstein’s ruling on, 54–55
in Washington Supreme Court, 55, 58, 59
see also Seattle-Louisville school integration cases
Second Amendment, 3, 123–96
Burger on, 124, 147
due process and, 166
incorporation issue and, 195
literature on, 135, 142
litigation on, see Heller case; McDonald case; Miller case; Parker v. District of Columbia; Seegars v. Ashcroft
Madison’s draft of, 180
precedent and, 126, 139, 141, 150
and privileges and immunities clause, 166
Second Amendment, individual rights interpretation of, 123–24, 139, 287, 378, 380
Breyer as likely to reject, 146
Burger’s rejection of, 124
Bush administration’s advocacy of, 126–27, 129, 137–38, 152, 153, 154, 156
in criminal cases, 131–32, 137
D.C. Court of Appeals adoption of, 140–41
Democratic presidential candidates’ advocacy of, 171
Fifth Circuit Court’s adoption of, 125–27
Ginsburg as possibly favoring, 145–46
Kennedy’s advocacy of, 175–77
Levy team’s three-stage campaign for, 131, 195
“reasonable restrictions” limit on, 125, 127, 150, 188
Scalia’s advocacy of, 145, 177, 188–94
Thomas seen as favoring, 145
Second Amendment, militia-based interpretation of, 123–24, 139, 150
Clinton administration’s advocacy of, 125–26
Stevens’s advocacy of, 180, 189–90
Second Amendment Foundation, 155
Seegars v. Ashcroft:
dismissal of, 138, 139
Halbrook as lead attorney in, 135–37
Justice Department and, 136
motion to consolidate Parker with, 136–37
NRA funding of, 134–35
as pre-enforcement challenge, 139
standing issue in, 136, 138, 139
segregation, see racial discrimination
Senate, U.S., special interest groups and, 253
Senate Judiciary Committee, 20, 66, 243–44
Alito confirmation hearings in, 27, 70–71
Kagan confirmation hearings in, 304–7, 316–17
Roberts confirmation hearings in, 13, 20–21, 60–61, 67–70, 215–16, 354
Sotomayor confirmation hearings in, 243–44, 253–56, 304
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks of, 82, 222, 379
Shapiro, Ilya, 170
Shelby County, Ala. v. Holder, 248
Sherman Act, 377
Sigale, David, 195
Silberman, Laurence, 141
Simpson, Steve, 137
libertarian philosophy of, 124, 127
Second Amendment interpretation of, 125, 127–28, 133
Singer, Linda, 147, 153, 157
Sixth Amendment, 8, 378–79
confrontation clause of, 8, 15–16, 221–22
Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, 344
Affordable Care case in, 330–31
Louisville lawsuit in, 59, 60, 64
Slick Willie (Bossie and Brown), 200
Smith, William French, 21, 231–32
Snead, Maree, 93
Snyder v. Phelps, 325–26, 382
Social Security Act (1930), 350
solicitor general, 91, 154
see also specific cases
Sorrell v. IMS Health, 326–27, 382
Sotomayor, Sonia, 8, 117, 233, 317, 366n
in Affordable Care case arguments, 342
background of, 253–54
in Citizens United reargument, 263–64
confrontation clause and, 17
expected tenure of, 17–18
gun rights and, 254–55
investiture of, 261
J.D.B. opinion of, 329–30
Miranda rights and, 329–30
Ricci and, 239–40
Senate confirmation hearings of, 243–44, 253–56, 304
Supreme Court nomination of, 239–40, 243
“wise Latina” comment of, 254, 256
Souter, David, 5, 7, 9, 15, 354
Boumediene concurring opinion of, 183
Bowles dissent of, 311
Citizens United draft dissent of, 251, 252
in Citizens United oral arguments, 234
color-blindness of Constitution rejected by, 115
confrontation clause and, 16–17
and Kennedy v. Louisiana, 184–85
leftward shift of, 20, 105, 108
respect for precedent emphasized by, 251–52
retirement of, 17, 220, 237–38, 243, 248–49, 253
in Ricci oral arguments, 239
Twombly opinion of, 223, 309–10
Vermont campaign finance dissent of, 211–12
WRTL dissent of, 214–15
South Carolina, voter ID law of, 320
special interest groups, 10
campaign spending by, 203
issue ads by, 203
Senate and, 253
Supreme Court cases and, 160–61
Specter, Arlen, 23, 66, 256
SpeechNow.org v. FEC, 275, 276
Spellings, Margaret, 92
Staackmann, Dan, 196
standing, 136, 138, 139, 284–85, 331
Stanford, John, 30, 36
stare decisis, see precedent, respect for
Starr, Ken, 159
State of Florida v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 318–19
Steeh, George, 318
Stenberg v. Carhart, 215
Stevens, John Paul, 5, 7, 347
Bush v. Gore dissent of, 299
Citizens United dissent of, 270, 271, 272–73
clerks in drafting opinions by, 105
color-blindness of Constitution rejected by, 115
confrontation clause and, 16–17
Davis dissent of, 217
death penalty and, 298, 367n-68n
due process championed by, 297–98
Gross dissent of, 314
Hamdan opinion of, 82–83
Heller dissent of, 180, 189–90
in Heller oral arguments, 178–79
and
Kennedy v. Louisiana, 184–85
legacy of, 297–99
McDonald dissent of, 302–3
on oral arguments, 169–70
on originalism vs. pragmatism, 192
Padilla opinion of, 297
petitions for review and, 74
precedent and, 180
Raich opinion of, 292
retirement of, 15, 17, 71, 296–97, 300, 303
on Roberts Court conservatism, 299
Roberts sworn in by, 18–19
Seattle-Louisville case dissent of, 114–15
Second Amendment interpretation of, 180, 189–90
as senior associate justice, 95
Vermont campaign finance dissent of, 211–12
Stevens case, 300–301, 380
Stewart, Malcolm, 153, 228–29
background of, 232–33
in Citizens United oral arguments, 234–36, 250–51
Stewart, Nathaniel, 287
Stewart, Potter, 45, 298
strict scrutiny, 111, 153
Sunstein, Cass, 22
Super PACs, 275–77
Supreme Court, U.S.:
assignment of opinion writing in, 95, 96, 102, 107, 180–81
briefs in, 86–87, 339
Burger Court, see Burger Court
collegiality in, 14, 352–53
commerce clause rulings of, 288–94
compromise in, 94
conferences in, 17, 169
constitutionality tests of, 152–53
credibility and standing of, 252
grounds for granting review by, 150–51
historical research and, 181–82
oral arguments in, 86–87, 97, 105, 169–70, 233, 317
political process in, 6–7
public cynicism about, 6, 199
reading of dissents from the bench as rarity in, 107
reargument in, 72, 78–79
Rehnquist Court, see Rehnquist Court
retirements and changed dynamic of, 13–14
reversal of lower courts by, 85
Roberts Court, see Roberts Court
special interests groups and, 160–61
strategic leadership concept rejected by, 95–96
three standards for review by, 194
Warren Court, 29, 43, 44, 50, 68, 164
see also specific cases
Supreme Court clerks, 220, 317–18
division of cases among, 104
in writing of opinions, 104–5, 318
suspension clause, 151, 182–84, 378
Suter, William, 245
Sutton, Jeffrey, 330–31, 344
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education, 43–44, 101
Taft-Hartley Act (1947), 209
Tea Party, 282, 286, 341
Tellabs v. Makor, 310
Tennessee Valley Authority, 324
testimonial evidence, 16, 221
Texas, redistricting in, 29, 80, 83, 320, 334, 341, 345
Texas, University of, affirmative action suit against, 5, 117, 241
Texas Tribune, 4
textualism, 167, 193
Thomas, Clarence, 7, 8, 24, 27, 83, 125, 308, 352
and Affordable Care case recusal demands, 340–41
Affordable Care dissent of, 349, 355
Boumediene case and, 183
Bowles opinion of, 311
Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association dissent of, 326
Citizens United concurring opinion of, 272
clerks in drafting opinions by, 105
commerce clause as viewed by, 289
Comstock dissent of, 294
Constitution viewed as color-blind by, 112, 115
Davis case and, 186
as dissenting from Seattle-Louisville denial of review, 76
Doe v. Reed dissent of, 301
on executive power, 83
First Amendment cases and, 108
Gross opinion of, 267, 314
and Kennedy v. Louisiana, 185
Marsh opinion of, 73
NAMUDNO dissent of, 248
on oral arguments, 105, 170
as originalist, 70, 113, 165–66
partisan politics accusations against, 341
as rarely asking questions in oral arguments, 102
Seattle-Louisville concurring opinion of, 112
Second Amendment interpretation of, 145
on Tillman Act, 208
and Vermont campaign finance decision, 211
Washington State Grange opinion of, 174–75
as willing to disregard precedent, 165, 166
WRTL case and, 214
Thomas More Law Center, 282
Thomas More Law Center v. Obama, 318, 330–31
Tillman Act (1907), 207–9
Title VII, 238–39, 246, 247, 267, 364n, 377
transparency, 168
Treasury Department, U.S., 322
Tremaine, Davis Wright, 32, 48–49
Twombly case, 223–24, 309–10, 377–78
Uniform Code of Military Justice, 82, 151, 376
unions, see corporations and unions
United Nations, 202, 206
United States v. Comstock, see Comstock case
United States v. Emerson, see Emerson case
United States v. Lopez, see Lopez case
United States v. Miller, see Miller case
United States v. Morrison, see Morrison case
United States v. Stevens, see Stevens case
Upper Big Branch mine, 230
USA Today, 299
U.S. Bill of Rights Foundation, 142
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 217, 229, 313, 316, 324
Roberts Court and, 307–8
U.S. Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting, 312
Vermont:
campaign finance law of, 211–12, 218
prescription data-mining law of, 326, 382
Verrilli, Donald, Jr., 319, 335, 347
in Affordable Care cases, 336–37
in Affordable Care oral arguments, 342–44
Veterans of Foreign Wars, 301
Violence Against Women Act, 292
Virginia, Affordable Care lawsuits in, 318, 331
see also Affordable Care cases
Virginia Law Review, 193
Virginia Tech massacre, 144
Virginia v. Sebelius, 318, 331
Volokh blog, 287
Von Breichenruchardt, Dane, 141, 142–43
voting rights, 83, 354, 356
Voting Rights Act (1965), 4, 29, 80, 89, 118, 319, 321, 341, 379
congressional reauthorization of, 240–41, 242–43
Section 2 of, 240
Section 5 of, 240–43, 247–48
Wall Street Journal, 155, 283
Wal-Mart v. Dukes, 323–24, 381
Warren, Earl, 43, 68
Warren Court, 29, 43, 44, 50, 68, 164
Washington, D.C., gun laws, 128, 138, 189
challenges to, see Heller case; Parker v. District of Columbia; Seegars v. Ashcroft
Hutchison bill and, 143–44
Washington, University of, affirmative action case against, 53, 56
Washington Post, 50, 355
Washington State:
Initiative 200 in, 36–37, 49, 51, 53, 54–55
Republican Party in, 50
Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party, 174–75
Washington Supreme Court, Seattle schools lawsuit in, 55, 58, 59
Watergate scandal, 209
Waxman, Seth, 91, 261, 265
Weiner, Robert, 294–95, 336
Weinstein, Bob and Harvey, 205
Westboro Baptist Church, 324–25, 382
West Virginia Supreme Court, 230
wetland regulation, 83
White, Byron, 15, 210, 299
Whitewater investigation, 200–201
Wickard v. Filburn, 291, 292
Wilbur, Kirby, 201
Wilkinson, J. Harvie, 193–94
Wiscons
in Right to Life (WRTL), 212–15
Wisconsin Right to Life (WRTL) case, 108, 187, 212–16, 218, 224, 227, 235, 236, 377
functional equivalency test and, 212, 213, 234
McConnell as effectively overruled by, 214
Yoo, John, 70
Zumbrun, Ronald, 49
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Coyle, Marcia.
The Roberts court : the struggle for the constitution / Marcia Coyle.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. United States. Supreme Court—History—21st century. 2. Political questions and judicial power—United States—History—21st century. 3. Roberts, John G., 1955– I. Title.
KF8742.C69 2013
347.73'26—dc23
2012051637
ISBN 978-1-4516-2751-0
ISBN 978-1-4516-2753-4 (eBook)