The Burning of the White House
Page 39
15.O say does that: Ibid.
16.O thus be it ever: Ibid.
17.Then conquer we must: Ibid.
18.And the star-spangled: Ibid.
19.The enemy has been: Dudley, The Naval War of 1812, 293.
20.I shall give you: Ibid.
CHAPTER 30—RELOCATING THE CAPITAL CITY
1.The destruction of the: New York Evening Post, September 19, 1814.
2.unfortunately the lapse: Scott, Recollections of a Naval Life, 317.
3.arraign the conduct: Ibid.
4.It is easy to pronounce: Ibid.
5.our acts are not: Wilhelmus Bogart Bryan, A History of the National Capital From its Foundation Through the Period of the Adoption of the Organic Act: 1790–1814 (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1914), 8.
6.the puzzling question: Ibid., 14.
7.If it were possible: Ibid., 30–31.
8.an act for establishing: Ibid., 31.
9.We hear some indistinct: Gales, National Intelligencer, October 3, 1814.
10.on old shell of: Jennings, A Colored Man’s Reminiscences of James Madison.
11.both houses of Congress: Ibid.
12.Mr. Gales is not an: Boston Commercial Gazette, October 4, 1814.
13.a return of peace: Madison, The Writings of James Madison, 306.
14.infer that a spirit: Ibid., 307.
15.This is as it should be: Georgetown Federal Republican, September 5, 1814.
16.we trust that no representative: Ibid.
17.The character of the nation: Ibid.
18.however deeply to: Madison, The Writings of James Madison, 306–8.
19.I would take the liberty: The James Madison Papers at the Library of Congress.
20.without a precaution: Ibid.
21.A gentleman had left: The Federal Republican-Georgetown, September 22, 1814.
22.He watched the flag: Ibid.
23.Resolved that a committee: The Federal Republican-Georgetown, October 1, 1814.
24.If proper preparations: Ibid.
25.Let us not gratify: Ibid.
26.The following communication: National Intelligencer, October 3, 1814.
27.want of room: Ibid.
28.The corporation of Georgetown: Ibid.
29.It is said that the: Ibid.
30.Can it be that any: Ibid.
31.They cannot be so: Ibid.
32.Under a law of: Ibid.
33.contracts have been made: Ibid.
34.If then the government: Ibid.
35.Our disgrace would indeed: Ibid.
36.It would be considered: Ibid.
37.Our national character: Ibid.
38.It is laughable to see: Massachusetts Spy, October 5, 1814.
39.The editor of that: Ibid.
40.No drudgery is too low: Ibid.
41.I thank you: Hamlin, Benjamin Henry Latrobe, 432–33.
42.I know exactly: Ibid.
43.President Washington: The Federal Republican-Georgetown, October 1, 1814.
44.and thus the city: Ibid.
45.but these inconveniences: Ibid.
46.The President’s House: Ibid.
47.Because we have suffered: Ibid.
48.No, from you we: Ibid.
CHAPTER 31—POOR MRS. MADISON
1.Poor Mrs. Madison: Shulman, Dolley Madison Digital Edition.
2.The disgraceful and distressing: Ibid.
3.The derangement occasioned: Ibid.
4.The expectation of a: Ibid.
5.The discussion has created: Ibid.
6.How it has been permitted: Democratic Press, October 7, 1814.
7.There is a determination: Ibid.
8.The removal of the seat: Ibid.
9.If you were to see: Ibid.
10.There is said: Ibid.
11.Resolved, that we view: National Intelligencer, October 10, 1814.
12.repugnant to the Constitution: Ibid.
13.Enclosed I send: King, The Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, 417.
14.It would appear: Ibid.
15.The enemy now demand: Ibid., 418.
16.would in effect: Ibid.
17.Our rulers can neither: Ibid.
18.The country is invaded: Ibid., 419.
19.it has become: Ibid., 423.
20.Congress should therefore: Ibid.
21.The Federalists have: Ibid.
22.The subject of removal: Ibid., 422.
23.Whether an adjournment: Ibid.
24.Unless we go: Ibid.
25.The increase of expense: National Intelligencer, October 14, 1814.
26.To brave all these: Ibid.
27.too much good sense: Ibid.
28.Should not the creditors: Ibid.
29.Even the savages: Ibid.
30.decision would then: Ibid.
31.Mrs. Madison’s levees: Boston Commercial Gazette, November 10, 1814; Shulman, Dolley Madison Digital Edition.
32.I beg you and: Shulman, Dolley Madison Digital Edition.
CHAPTER 32—PRESIDENTS’ CLUB
1.It is very long since: The James Madison Papers at the Library of Congress.
2.but in the late events: Ibid.
3.for although every: Ibid.
4.Had General Washington: Ibid.
5.We all remember: Ibid.
6.while our enemies: Ibid.
7.Learning by the papers: Ibid.
8.I believe you are acquainted: Ibid.
9.I have long been sensible: Ibid.
10.I learn that the: Madison, The Writings of James Madison, 313.
11.We have just received: Ibid.
12.Our ministers were all: Ibid.
13.not that these are: The James Madison Papers at the Library of Congress.
14.rupture of the negotiation: Ibid.
15.I feel myself bound: King, The Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, 429.
16.What are you: Ibid.
17.If you go on: Ibid.
18.Hard words if: Ibid.
19.If N.O. passes: Ibid., 448.
20.Very important interests: The James Madison Papers at the Library of Congress.
21.It is thought very: Ibid.
22.To enable to meet: Ibid.
23.I have caused: Ibid.
24.The view of the discussions: Ibid.
25.The point to be decided: Ibid.
26.It is very agreeable: Ibid.
CHAPTER 33—UPLIFTING NEWS
1.The decision of the: National Intelligencer, October 18, 1814.
2.We take this opportunity: Ibid.
3.Entertaining that opinion: Ibid.
4.architects and master builders: “White House History,” Journal of the White House Historical Association (1998): 26.
5.exclusively to the purpose: Ibid.
6.to cause to be forthwith: Ibid.
7.In carrying into execution the: Ibid.
8.Although I cannot: “Capture of the City of Washington,” 583.
9.Considering your call: Ibid.
10.declared that the committee: Ingersoll, Historical Sketch of the Second War Between the United States and Great Britain, 170.
11.So far from clearing: Ibid.
12.General Ross was: Ibid., 171.
13.If the murderous shot: Ibid.
14.The public property destroyed: Ibid., 196.
15.Congress would have: Ibid., 171.
16.Seldom, says Voltaire: Ibid.
17.The fate of New Orleans: Shulman, Dolley Madison Digital Edition.
18.We hear nothing: Ibid.
19.Do you know of: Ibid.
20.I understand my: Ibid.
21.How often do I: Ibid.
22.I hope you may: Ibid.
23.Madam, the American army: Ibid.
24.The eighth of January: Ibid.
25.The country is saved: Ibid.
26.We hope that: King, The Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, 466.
27.When the news: Jennings, A Colored Man’s Reminiscences of James Madison.
28.I played the: Ibid.
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29.We have received: King, The Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, 470.
30.The late war: Madison, The Writings of James Madison, 324.
31.It has been waged: Ibid.
32.Peace, at all times: Ibid.
33.I beg leave respectfully: Hamlin, Benjamin Henry Latrobe, 434.
34.I am conscious: Ibid.
35.implied censure: Ibid.
36.excusable ambition: Ibid.
37.implied censure: Ibid.
38.a large packet: Ibid., 435.
39.No man in: Ibid.
40.We remained in Cumberland: Scott, Recollections of a Naval Life, 335.
41.I have rejoiced: Shulman, Dolley Madison Digital Edition.
42.I trust you are: Ibid.
43.Congress adjourned last: Ibid.
CHAPTER 34—RISE OF THE FIRST LADY
1.Our girls went: Clark, Life and Letters of Dolly Madison, 190.
2.In about two minutes: Ibid.
3.She was dressed: Ibid.
4.You could not but: Ibid., 113.
5.For no heart: Shulman, Dolley Madison Digital Edition.
6.Tis here the woman: Seale, The President’s House: a History, 128.
7.I cannot conceive: Ibid.
8.That you may: Shulman, Dolley Madison Digital Edition.
9.His administration: Ibid.
10.She had the parrot: Clark, Life and Letters of Dolly Madison, 192.
11.As I know of: Shulman, Dolley Madison Digital Edition.
12.It is certainly: Ibid.
13.The elevation of: Ibid.
14.My husband is: Ibid.
15.You, Madam can feel: Ibid.
16.Think of the wretchedness: Ibid.
17.The ladies of the: National Intelligencer, October 10, 1815; Shulman, Dolley Madison Digital Edition.
18.it is hoped that: Schulman, Dolley Madison Digital Edition.
19.A nobler object: Ibid.
20.Cast your bread upon: Ibid.
21.The governess must: “Constitution, Washington Orphan Asylum, Dec. 18, 1815,” quoted in Shulman, Dolley Madison Digital Edition.
22.The children shall: Ibid.
23.By trusting in Him: Ibid.
24.Such, find a friend: Ibid.
25.composed of pieces: Shulman, Dolley Madison Digital Edition.
26.to accept it: Ibid.
27.the most splendid: Clark, Life and Letters of Dolly Madison, 193.
28.She also wore: Ibid., 194.
29.fit to conciliate: Ibid., 195.
30.She looked every inch: Ibid., 19
EPILOGUE
1.Mrs. Madison was dressed: Clark, Life and Letters of Dolly Madison, 192.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
1.Allow me again: Shulman, Dolley Madison Digital Edition.
Index
A
Adams, John, 46, 306, 313, 333–34, 337–38
Adams, John Quincy, 8, 15, 48, 110, 145, 266, 327, 337–38, 346–48, 351, 364
admiralty, 7, 21, 60, 115, 137, 146–7, 159–60, 179–80, 189–90, 193, 205, 207, 284, 289–90, 304, 365
Albion, 178, 288–89
Alexandria, VA, 30, 33, 109, 161, 176, 180, 238, 256, 269, 278–79, 286, 296, 370
American Revolution, 6, 28, 46, 54, 56, 66, 137, 146, 155, 164, 170, 268, 277, 307
Americans, xiii, 4, 6, 8–9, 20, 26–27, 31, 46, 56, 60, 65, 67, 69, 76, 84, 92, 94–95, 97, 100–2, 108, 132, 137, 146, 148, 158, 173, 179, 181, 188, 205, 207, 218, 222, 227, 231–32, 236–37, 240, 249, 253, 258, 267–68, 277, 279–80, 286, 289–90, 292, 294, 299, 300–5, 307, 329, 338, 358, 364
Anacostia, 217
“Anacreon in Heaven,” 306
Analectic Magazine, 52, 68, 129, 283
Annapolis, MD, 28–29, 134, 161, 177, 179–80, 202, 218–19
architecture, 54, 214–15, 240
Armistead, George, 273, 288, 303, 305
Armstrong, John, 34, 39, 41, 42–44, 52–53, 55, 56–57, 73, 94, 104–5, 108–9, 112, 115–16, 127, 132–33, 141, 142–43, 145–46, 149, 151–53, 155, 156–57, 161, 162–64, 171, 174–75, 176–77, 180–82, 185–86, 191–95, 198–99, 209, 214–16, 220, 238, 259, 267, 268–69, 270–72, 280, 282, 288, 325, 329, 337, 344–45, 365
Articles of Confederation, 46, 74, 197
artillery, 95, 113, 172, 174, 191, 205, 209, 222, 225, 301, 302–3
assassination, 93, 118
Atlantic Ocean, 39, 60, 130, 175, 189, 236
atrocities, 97, 101–2, 115, 255
attorneys, xiv, 48, 70, 116, 128, 164, 192, 202, 215, 276, 279, 366
B
Bagot, Sir Charles, 359
Baltimore, 4, 28, 31, 34, 36, 39, 62, 66, 100, 124, 133–34, 149, 158, 161, 177, 179–80, 192, 194, 203, 209, 213, 218–19, 256, 272–73, 276–77, 280, 286–87, 288–90, 293–97, 299, 301–2, 304, 306–10, 315, 331, 344–45, 359, 366, 370
Baltimore Patriot, 100
Barlow, Joel, 40, 50, 73
Barlow, Ruth, 62, 138, 330
Barney, Joshua, xiv, 133–34, 148–49, 158–59, 164–65, 168–69, 172, 174, 190, 194–96, 203–5, 217, 230–33, 237, 305, 366
Bathurst, Henry the third Earl, 7
Battalion Old Fields, 203
batteries, 5–6, 9, 19, 94, 109, 161, 172, 230
Battle of Cedar Point, 165
Battle of New Orleans, 347
Bayard, James, 15–16, 48, 65, 110, 144–45
Beanes, Dr. William, 276–78, 280, 292–93, 302–3
Beckwith, Sir Thomas Sidney, 83–84, 95, 100–1
Benedict, MD, 172, 174, 178, 191, 193–94, 203, 207, 272, 344
Bermuda, 7, 26, 44, 65, 83–84, 115, 118, 137, 148, 168, 171, 179, 240, 288, 290, 295–96, 310
Bill of Rights, 82
Bladensburg, MD, 203, 211, 213, 215, 216–21, 223, 225, 228, 230–31, 233–35, 237, 242, 258, 268, 276, 285, 288, 293, 301, 304, 324, 344, 366
blockade, 7, 26, 29, 115, 137, 168–69, 172
Blodgett’s Tavern, 312
Blount, Mary Sumner, 111–12, 115
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 7–8, 11–12, 26, 42–43, 73, 83, 85, 133, 151, 153–57, 164–66, 169, 170–71, 187, 190, 236, 243, 266, 290, 302, 331, 336, 365, 370
Boston, MA, 68, 70, 94, 158, 175, 179, 181, 256, 306, 312, 330
Boyle, James O., 3–4, 118, 133, 253
Brookville, 260
Brown, Captain, 172
Burr, Aaron, 63, 123
C
cabinet, 16, 34–36, 42–43, 53, 70–71, 92, 113–14, 124, 141, 145, 152, 157, 163–64, 166, 168, 171, 174–75, 185, 202, 206, 215–16, 223, 237, 271–72, 285, 324, 338, 348
Campbell, George, 164, 171, 174, 215–16, 259
Canada, 7, 34–35, 41, 55–57, 85, 113, 116, 129, 132, 142, 146–47, 152–53, 163, 166, 171, 174, 181, 186, 188, 198, 251, 270–71, 279, 310, 319, 327, 338, 349
Canadian Chasseurs (Chasseurs Britanniques), 83, 100, 102–3
cannons, 4, 205, 218
Capitol, 29–31, 53–55, 97, 104, 117, 126, 131, 196, 215, 235–37, 239–43, 250–51, 253, 255–56, 265–68, 282, 285, 291, 302, 311, 314, 319–20, 326–27, 341, 343, 350, 362, 365–66
Capitol Hill, 64, 80, 244, 247, 253,
Carroll, Charles, 228, 234, 237, 326
cavalry, 174, 193, 205, 209, 234
Centipede, 94–95
Chauncey, Isaac, 283
Chesapeake Bay, 4, 6–7, 34, 39, 45, 83, 133, 137, 146, 148, 178, 207, 291
Chesapeake-Leopard affair, 67, 91
Cochrane, Alexander F., 146–47, 155, 159, 167, 173, 178–80, 190, 205–7, 210, 232–33, 257, 266, 272, 279, 284, 288–91, 293–96, 300, 302–4, 307, 310
Cockburn, George, xiii, 4–11, 17–21, 23, 26–28, 32, 34–35, 38, 40, 44–45, 59–60, 64–66, 83–84, 87, 94–96, 100–1, 108–9, 115, 118–19, 125, 133, 136–38, 146–47, 157–60, 164–65, 167–69, 172–74, 178–81, 183, 189–91, 195–96, 204–7, 209–11, 218, 221–22, 225–226, 232–33, 235–37, 239–41, 243–57, 259, 272–73, 275–76, 278, 282, 284, 286–91, 295–97,
299–302, 304–5, 309–10, 337, 342, 345, 350–51, 365
Coles, Edward, 14, 33, 37, 72–73, 81, 105, 125, 163, 313
Coles, Sally, 143, 347, 354
Congress, congressmen, 4, 6, 8, 14–17, 25, 30–31, 36–38, 40–41, 44, 46–47, 51, 53–54, 63–66, 68, 70, 74, 76, 79–83, 86, 92–93, 108, 116, 123, 128–29, 131–32, 139, 141, 143–44, 148, 153–56, 180, 184, 228, 235, 237, 240–41, 247, 253, 260, 265, 268, 278, 284–85, 302, 310–14, 316–18, 320–21, 323–24, 326–30, 333–36, 338–39, 342–45, 348, 351, 362–63, 366–67
Thirteenth, 15, 65, 125
Twelfth, 15, 48, 65
Congreve, William, 5
Congreve rockets, 4–5, 31, 227, 301
Constitution, 12, 14, 16, 46, 48, 56, 70, 73–77, 82, 87–89, 92, 110, 154, 197, 202, 230, 236, 267–68, 310, 316–18, 325, 328, 362, 370
Continental Congress, 41, 154, 310, 365
correspondence, xiii, 15, 31, 48, 72, 82, 96, 171, 185, 198, 202, 365
Crane, Ichabod, 282, 366
Craney Island, 60, 66, 84, 94–95, 100, 102–3, 158
Crowninshield, Mrs., 253, 354–55, 362
Crutchfield, Stapleton, 99
Cutts, Anna, 50, 68, 139, 260
D
Daschkoff, 104
Decatur, Stephen, 52, 283, 370
Declaration of Independence, 93, 197, 230, 242
“Defense of Fort McHenry,” 315
Democratic Press, 3, 118, 125, 127, 324
diplomats, 14, 16, 47, 324
District of Columbia, 193, 198, 343
“don’t give up the ship!,” 69, 129
draft, 65, 69, 86, 132, 143, 163, 219, 268
dresses, 62, 135, 249, 353–54, 359, 361–62
E
East Coast, 29, 97, 101, 115, 137, 171, 278, 288, 296, 310, 327
East Room, xi, 36, 163, 171, 202, 363–64
editors, editorialists, xiv, 51, 63, 100–1, 117–18, 124, 126, 129, 143, 158, 251–52, 265, 276–78, 288, 313–14, 317–19, 367
Elizabeth River, 65–66, 84
embargo, 67–68, 125, 148, 188, 268
Embargo Act, 68
Emperor Alexander, 11–12, 14–15, 26, 61
engineers, 5, 29–31, 54, 116, 179, 302
England, 4, 8, 11–14, 20–21, 29, 42–43, 46, 53, 61, 68, 82–83, 85–87, 89, 92–93, 114, 118, 133–38, 144–45, 151, 153, 155, 160, 165–66, 170, 173, 187–88, 207–8, 222, 237, 240, 246, 248–49, 252, 265–67, 290, 302, 327, 247, 351, 367
Erskine, David, 12–14, 208
Europe, Europeans, 7, 11–13, 16, 26, 29, 41, 48, 61, 81, 85, 93, 132–34, 144–45, 151, 153, 155, 164, 166, 169, 171, 175, 184, 187, 193, 236–37, 266, 290, 318, 328, 331, 335–37, 346, 366