American Aurora

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American Aurora Page 131

by Richard N. Rosenfeld


  seditious libel conviction,

  on standing army

  and U.S. citizenship

  on Virginian rejection of sedition bill

  Camden, Battle of

  Campbell, Hugh G.

  Canby, Joseph

  Carey, Mathew

  Carey’s Recorder

  Carmichael, William

  Carr, James

  Catholicism. See anti-Catholicism

  Cavan, Patrick

  censorship. See press freedom; seditious libel prosecutions

  census, federal

  Chase, Samuel

  Bache seditious libel charge

  Callender trial

  Cooper trial

  Fries war-protest trial

  Chastellux, François-Jean de, Marquis

  Chat, Claudius

  Chatham (ship)

  Chaumont, Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de

  checks and balances

  Adams on

  American

  British

  critics of

  senate as

  veto power as

  see also bicameralism; executive power

  Chew, Benjamin

  Childs, Francis

  Christ Church

  church-state separation. See religious freedom

  Cicero, De Senectute

  civil liberties, (see also Bill of Rights; specific liberties)

  Claiborne, William

  Clark, Simon

  Clay, James

  Clifton, Nancy

  Clifton, William, Jr.

  Clinton, George

  Clinton, Sir Henry

  as British commander in chief

  control of New York

  and Cornwallis surrender at Yorktown

  on crisis in Virginia

  evacuation of Philadelphia

  evacuation of Rhode Island

  Clouds, Battle of the

  Cobbett, William

  Adams (Abigail) on

  anti-Irish Catholic arguments

  anti-Semitic and ethnic slurs

  appropriation of Paine’s remains

  background and political outlook

  British ties

  Bustletown summer house

  farewell statement

  forged threatening letters and

  on international subversive influences

  letters to Jefferson

  move back to England

  move to New York

  “Peter Porcupine” pen name

  and U.S. citizenship

  see also Porcupine’s Gazette

  cockades. See black cockade; tricolor cockade

  Cocke, William

  Coit, Joshua

  Committee of Foreign Affairs

  Committee of Safety. See Pennsylvania Committee of Safety

  Committee of Secret Correspondence

  common law

  “federal common law” argument

  libel and

  Common Sense (Paine)

  Adams mistaken as author of

  Adams’ assessment of

  French publication

  Gates on

  text quoted

  Washington on

  Concord, Battle of

  Concorde (ship)

  Condorcet, Marquis de

  Congregational Church

  Congress, U.S.

  colonial forerunners

  first session in Washington, D.C.

  national library project

  see also congressional-presidential relations; Continental Congress; House of Representatives; Senate; specific members

  congressional—presidential relations

  Adams’ speeches on French threat

  Federalist majority and

  presidential veto power

  Republican antiwar moves and

  support for war buildup

  war powers and

  Connor, John

  Constellation (ship)

  Constitution (ship)

  Constitution, British (unwritten)

  Adams and

  Aurora on, 689 Federalist press on

  freedom of speech guarantees

  Hamilton on

  Paine on

  property rights guarantees

  U.S. Constitution seen copying

  Constitution, French

  Franklin model for

  Napoleonic

  overturning of

  publication in Aurora

  Constitution, Maryland

  Constitution, Massachusetts

  Adams’ vindication of

  Shays’ Rebellion complaints

  Constitution, New York

  Constitution, Pennsylvania

  Adams on

  and Federal Constitution

  French modeling of first

  and original principles of independence

  revision to bicameralism

  Turgot favoring

  Constitution, U.S.

  as Adams creation

  Adams policies as threat to

  Bache as defender of

  Bill of Rights

  both Adams and Franklin as critics of

  on church-state separation

  and “federal common law” argument

  Federalist on ratifying

  Federalists’ violations of

  Franklin on adoption of

  Franklin on provisions of

  Jefferson on

  Kentucky Resolutions and

  Paine criticism of

  on presidential elector selection

  ratification of

  reactions to

  Republican press on protection of

  Sedition Act as violation of

  on Senate privilege

  signing of

  toast to

  Virginia legislature meeting on

  on war powers

  see also Federal

  Constitutional

  Convention

  Continental Congress, First, delegates

  Continental Congress, Second

  and Articles of Confederation

  British peace treaty ratification

  British truce faction

  commission to France

  Committee of Secret Correspondence

  criticism of Washington

  currency devaluation

  delegates

  financial crisis

  foreign treaties plan

  French treaty ratification

  French troops’ show of respect

  independence resolution

  removal from Philadelphia

  resolution on state government formation

  see also American Revolution

  Conway, Countess

  Conway, Thomas

  Cooper, Alice

  Cooper, Samuel

  Cooper, Thomas

  allegedly seditious statement

  background/citizenship

  death of wife

  as Duane’s attorney

  on Federalist unconstitutional actions

  prosecution of

  on rejecting clemency

  release from prison

  toast to

  trial record/conviction/sentence

  Cornwallis, Charles

  and Duane’s imprisonment in India

  entrapment/surrender at Yorktown

  occupation of Philadelphia

  southern campaign

  council. See plural executive

  Coxe, J. D.

  Coxe, Tench

  Cramer, Catherine

  Cramer, Gabriel

  Cramer, Philibert

  “Cremona fiddles” satire

  Crever, Jacob

  Crisis (Paine)

  Cumings, Samuel

  Dallas, Alexander James

  and Bache seditious libel case

  and Cooper seditious libel case

  and Duane seditious libel case

  and Duane seditious riot case

  and Duane Senate privilege/libel case

  and
Fries’ rebellion trial issues

  Dana, Francis

  Davie, William Richardson

  Davis, Matthew

  Dawson, John

  Day, Thomas

  Dayton, Jonathan

  army rank

  House press restrictions

  and misuse of public funds charges

  and Senate proceedings against Duane

  and war buildup against France

  Deane, Jesse

  Deane, Silas

  debt, public

  Decatur, Stephen

  Declaration of Independence

  Declaration of Rights, Pennsylvania

  Declaration of the Rights of Man, France

  declaration of war

  abrogation of 1778 treaties as

  Federalist hopes for

  Gazette of the United States urging

  House statements on

  presidential provisional powers bill

  Dedham (Mass.) liberty pole

  defendants’ rights

  Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States (Adams)

  deism

  Delaney, Sharp

  Delaware (ship)

  Delaware Loan Commissioner

  Delaware River

  democracy

  Adams on aristocracy vs.

  Adams on

  bicameralism as check on

  Federalist critique of “pure,”

  Federalist press on “social order” vs.

  Franklin’s concept of

  Hamilton’s countermeasures

  Paine championship of

  see also equality; representation; republican government

  Democratic-Republicans

  Aurora as national voice of

  Bache and

  candidate selection meeting

  and Fast Day violence

  Federalist “surveillance” of

  Federalist violence against

  flight from Philadelphia

  hand bills

  Independence Day oratory against

  Jefferson’s leadership

  newspaper proliferation

  newspaper shutdowns

  as peace party

  Pennsylvania gubernatorial election

  Pennsylvania legislative election

  Pennsylvaniameetings

  Pennsylvania victory celebrations

  Philadelphia militias, (see also Republican Blues; Republican Greens)

  post-1800 political power

  and press freedom

  “radical” faction

  response to Duane’s beating

  Tammany Society

  termed “Jacobins” and “sans-culottes,”

  tricolor cockade

  triumphal song

  Washington on

  see also Electoral College; presidential election of 1800; specific personalities

  Desfourneaux, Edmé Etienne-Borne

  Deux-Ponts, Guillaume de

  Dexter, Samuel

  Diana (ship)

  Dickinson College

  Didot, M.

  Directory, French

  alleged financial aid to Aurora by

  and Talleyrand letter of grievances

  and U.S. envoys bribery scandal

  “Discourses on Davila” (Adams articles)

  Divine Right

  Duane, Catherine (WD’s wife)

  Duane, James (congressional delegate)

  Duane, John (WD’s son)

  Duane, Kate (WD’s daughter)

  Duane, Patrick (WD’s son)

  Duane, William, 638

  allegations about citizenship

  anti-Alien and Sedition Acts petition

  Aurora association

  as Aurora owner/publisher

  on Bache (Peggy)

  Bache (Peggy) marriage to

  on Bache’s press fearlessness

  Bache stepfamily

  as Bache successor

  background and family

  on death of first wife

  death of

  dislike of monarchies

  federal troops’ beating of

  financial problems

  on Franklin

  as historian

  Jasper Dwight pseudonym

  later life

  Madison’s praise for

  New York dinner honoring

  as “rat catcher,”

  Republican militia command

  seditious libel prosecution

  Adams letter and

  first-hand account

  postponement

  reindictment

  seditious riot trial

  Senate breach of privilege case, citizen petitions for

  reconsideration

  counsel restraints

  in hiding from Senate

  indictment for libel

  jurisdiction issues

  presidential continuance of

  as public hero

  unconstitutionality of

  toasts to

  see also Aurora Daily Advertiser

  Duane, William John (WD’s son)

  and father’s beating

  as Jackson’s treasury secretary

  due process

  Dumas, Charles W. F.

  Dunwoody, John

  Dupont, Victor Marie

  Du Portail, Chevalier

  Durrell, William

  Duvall, Gabriel

  Dwight, Jasper. See Duane, William

  Dwight, Theodore

  Eagle (ship)

  Easton [Md.] Republican Star

  elections

  advocacy of annual

  arguments for indirect

  candidate qualifications

  fears of corruption and turbulence

  French Constitution (1793) guarantees

  male voting rights

  military troop presence

  new census district reapportionment

  Pennsylvania guarantees

  small districts, advocates of

  voter property-ownership qualification

  see also Electoral College; Pennsylvania gubernatorial contest; presidential election headings; representation

  Electoral College

  Constitution on

  criticism of process

  Federalist-proposed indirect choice of

  presidential returns (1800)

  Senate bill on disputed elections

  defeat of

  House weakening of

  see also New Jersey; New York; Pennsylvania

  Ellsworth, Oliver

  England. See Great Britain

  Enlightenment

  Enterprize (ship)

  equality

  Adams on impossibility of

  Cobbett on implications of

  Franklin’s belief in

  French Declaration of Rights on

  Paine on reasons for

  of republican government participants

  see also democracy

  equal representation. See representation

  equal rights

  Franklin on

  Jefferson on

  Paine on

  see also Bill of Rights; human rights

  “Essay for the Use of New Republicans in Their Opposition to Monarchy” (Paine)

  Essex Junto

  established church. See religious freedom

  Estaing, Charles-Hector, Comte d’

  Estates-General (France)

  Evans, Cadwallader

  Everly, Jacob

  executive power

  Adams on

  Adams vs. Franklin on

  Bache on

  as council vs. individual

  Federal Constitutional Convention debate on

  Federalists’ misuse of

  Franklin/Paine on council as

  Franklin on unsalaried

  French subordination of

  Jefferson on limiting

  lifetime/hereditary, arguments for

  threat of war increasing

&
nbsp; under Alien and Sedition Acts

  veto power advocates

  Experiment (ship)

  “Fabius.” See Washington, George

  Fabius (historical)

  Fahnestock, Conrad

  Fairbanks, Benjamin

  Fairfax, Ferdinando

  “Farewell Address” (Washington)

  Fast and Prayer Day (1798)

  Fast and Prayer Day (1799)

  “federal common law” argument

  Federal Constitutional Convention, (see also Constitution, U.S.)

  Federalist papers

  Federalists

  Adams on self-destruction of

  as army commanders

  basic political outlook

  cockade insignia. See black cockade

  “committees of surveillance,”

  congressional majority

  and “Hail Columbia” anthem

  militia movement. See Macpherson’s Blues

  Philadelphia newspapers

  press contempt for democracy

  as pro-monarchist, pro-British

  as war party, (see also war buildup)

  see also Electoral College; presidential election of 1800; specific personalities

  Fenno, John

  “Ploughshare” pen name

  see also Gazette of the United States

  Fenno, John Ward (“Jack”)

  attack on Bill of Rights and republicanism

  as Cobbett’s New York business successor

  as Gazette of the United States publisher

  and Hamilton adultery defense

  on Irish “ruffian” physical threats

  Reynolds suit against

  and Senate proceedings contract

  on widows’ editorial careers

  see also Gazette of the United States

  Fenno, Mary (“Polly”)

  Fether, Isaac

  First Amendment rights, (see also specific rights)

  foreigners. See Alien and Sedition Act; Immigrants

  Fort Lee

  Fort Necessity

  Fort Ticonderoga

  Fort Washington

  Fowler, John

  Fox, Gilbert

  France

  and Adams administration policies, (see also privateering; war buildup)

  Adams’ diatribe against

  Adams as minister to. See under Adams, John

  Adams’ three-man delegation to. See XYZ affair

  American Revolution aid. See under American Revolution

  Assembly of Notables convening

  constitution. See Constitution, French

  consul to United States

  debt

  emigrants from Reign of Terror

  Estates-General convening

  fall of republic

  Franklin celebrity and honors in

  Franklin as minister to. See under Franklin, Benjamin

  Franklin’s secret mission to. See American Revolution

  governmental structure (1791)

  governmental structure (1798)

  grievance statement

  Irish Revolt aid

  Jefferson as first U.S. ambassador

  Logan peace mission to

  and Louisiana Purchase

  Paine’s Common Sense publication

  U.S. treaties. See Franco-American Treaties of Alliance and Amity and Commerce of 1778; Franco-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce of

  U.S. war movement against. See war buildup

  and Washington’s policies

 

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