The Chief
Page 88
30. Hearst at Seventy
1. “Hearst at Home,” Fortune, May, 193l, 56–57; Time, May l, 1933, 19, 20, 22.
2. WRH-FDR, March 6, 1933, FDR-WRH, March 9, 1933, PPF 62, FDRp.
3. NYA, March 19, 1933.
4. SFE, April 12, 1933.
5. MH-WRH, March 29, 1930, box 10a, WRHp.
6. MH, “Millicent Hearst Describes Her Chat with Mussolini,” NYA, May 11,1930.
7. Philip Cannistraro and Brian Sullivan, Il Duce ’s Other Woman (New York: Morrow, 1993), 361.
8. Cannistraro and Sullivan, 364–65; NYA, March 27, September 11,1932.
9. WRH-TVR, December 16, 1932; TVR-WRH, December 17, 1932, box 4, TVRp; Cannistraro and Sullivan, 367–68.
10. WRH-TVR, February 19, 20,1933; TVR-WRH, February 23, 1933, box 5, TVRp.
11. TVR-WRH, October 9, 1933, box 5, TVRp.
12. WRH-TVR, October 21, 1933, box 5, TVRp.
13. WRH-TVR, May 21, 1936, carton 20, WRHp; Cannistraro and Sullivan, 492–93.
14. TJR-WRH, September 25, 1930, box 4, TVRp; Ian Kershaw, Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris (New York: Norton, 1999), 338.
15. TVR-WRH, December 13,1931; WRH-TVR, December 14, 15, 1931, box 4, TVRp.
16. TVR-WRH, December 30, 1931, box 4, TVRp.
17. TVR-WRH, January 28, 1932, February 19, 1932; WRH-TVR, January 29, 1932, February 14, 1932, box 4, TVRp.
18. Laemmle-WRH, January 18, 1932, carton 13, WRHp.
19. Kershaw, 288.
20. TVR-WRH, September 10, 1932, box 4, TVRp.
21. Kershaw, 186.
22. WRH-TVR, June 17, 1933, BW.
23. WRH-TVR, June 19, 1933, BH.
24. WRH-TVR, June 19,1933. BW.
25. WRH-EDC, n.d., incoming box 4, EDCp.
26. Edmond D. Coblentz, ed., William Randolph Hearst: A Portrait in His Own Words (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1952), 159–60; EP, August 12, 1933,1; HM Bitner-editors, August 16,1933; JW-publishers, August 16, 1933, BW.
27. WRH-EC, September 9, 1933, BW.
28. WRH, NYA, October 31,1933.
29. AB-FDR, December 2, 1933, PPF 1405, FDRp.
30. JW-James T. William, Jr., March 17, 1934, OF 846, FDRp.
31. WRH, NYA, February 2, 1934,1; Benito Mussolini, NYA, March 11,1934.
32. Warren L. Bassett, “President’s Remarks Draw Press Fire,” EP, February 24, 1934, 5.
33. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Coming of the New Deal (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958), 137.
34. WRH-TVR, December 19, 1933, box 5, TVRp.
35. WRH-J. V. Connolly, December 23, 1933, BW; see also correspondence in December between WRH and TVR, box 5, TVRp.
36. WRH-George Young, n.d. [summer, 1933], BH.
37. NYA, November 22, 1933.
38. NYA, May 11, October 31, 1933.
39. Confirmation of telephone message, WRH-T. J. White, April 4, 1934, carton 19, WRHp.
40. Rodney Carlisle, Hearst and the New Deal (New York: Garland, 1979), 113,118; Daniel Leab, A Union of Individuals (New York: Columbia U.P., 1970), 124–25.
41. Leab, 132.
42. Carlisle, 121.
43. Richard Powers, Not Without Honor (New York: Free Press, 1995), 81–91.
44. Ralph Easley-TVR, March 2, 1934, box 39, NCF.
45. Ralph Easley-Milton Hershey, March 16, 1934, box 39, NCF.
46. WRH-TVR, March 24, 1934, box 5, TVRp; Easley-Gifford, March 6, 1934, box 39, NCF.
47. LAE, April 21,1934; JW-EDC, May 7, 1934, carton 18, WRHp.
48. WRH-FDR, n.d., PPF 62, FDRp.
49. Stimson diaries XXVIII, May 18, 1934, 38, Stimson.
50. NYT, May 27, 1934,3.
31. Hearst and Hitler
1. NYT, May 27, 1934, 3.
2. Deborah Lipstadt, Beyond Belief: The American Press and the Coming of the Holocaust 1933–45 (New York: Free Press, 1986), 20–21, 43–44.
3. WRH-JVC, August 15, 1933, BW.
4. LAE, October 17, 1933.
5. TVR-WRH, December 19, 1933, box 5, TVRp.
6. William Shirer, 20th Century Journey (Boston: Little, Brown, 1984), 193.
7. JW-KVW, May 16, 19, 1934, carton 18, WRHp; NYT, June 11, 1934, 13; William Randolph Hearst, Jr., with Jack Casserly, The Hearsts: Father and Son (Niwot, Col.: Roberts Rinehart, 1991), 53–54; Fred Lawrence Guiles, Marion Davies (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972), 173–75.
8. Ian Kershaw, Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris (New York: Norton, 1999), 519.
9. WRH-EDC, July 2, 1934, incoming box 4, EDCp; LAE, July 4,1934.
10. LAE, August 29,1934.
11. Michael Denning, The Cultural Front (New York: Verson, 1996), xiii.
12. Kevin Starr, Endangered Dreams (New York: Oxford U.P., 1996), 115–16.
13. WRH-JFN, July 20, 1934, box 65, JFNp.
14. WRH-EDC, September 13, 1934, incoming box 4, EDCp.
15. WRH, NYA, July 23, 1934,1.
16. WRH, NYA, September 24, 1934,1; WRH-JM, n.d., box 2, JMp.
17. Kershaw, 5l9–20.
18. Völkischer Beobachter, August 23, 1934, trans. by S. Naftzger; WRH-EDC, August 24, 1934, incoming box 4, EDCp.
19. NYT, August 23,1934; Hillman-TJW, August 25, 1934, EDCp.
20. Völkischer Beobachter, Munich edition, September 15, 1934, trans. by S. Naftzger; NYA, September 17, 1934, l-2.
21. Marion Davies, The Times We Had (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1975), 147–49.
22. Saul Friedländer, Nazi Germany and the Jews, vol. I (New York: Harper Collins, 1997), 102–12.
23. Edmond D. Coblentz, ed., William Randolph Hearst: A Portrait in His Own Words (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1952), 103–5.
24. NYA, NYHT, September 17,1934; WRH, NYA, September 25, 28,1934.
25. Friedländer, 26–33, 69; Davies, 149.
26. Coblentz, 106.
27. WRH-KVW, November 20, 1934, carton 18, WRHp.
28. WRH-William Hillman, December 4, 1934, box 6, BH.
29. Dodd-FDR, March 20, 1935, PSF Dodd, FDRp. I thank Blanche Wiesen Cook for bringing this letter to my attention.
32. The Last Crusade
1. NYA, August 15, 1934.
2. NYT, September 2, 1934, l-2.
3. Morgenthau Diaries, September ll, 1934, Morgenthau.
4. Keehn-FDR, September 24,1934; Hand-Astor, October 4, 1934, PPF62, FDRp.
5. Early-WRH, October 6, 1934, OF 846, FDRp.
6. WRH, NYA, October 9, 1934.
7. Greg Mitchell, The Campaign of the Century (New York: Random House, 1992), 32, 402; JW-George Young, November l, 1934, box 5, BH.
8. WRH-AB, November 7, 1934, carton 18, WRHp.
9. WRH-FDR, November 8, 1934, OF 846, FDRp.
10. WRH-George Young, November 5, 1934, box 5, BH.
11. George Young-JW, November 30, 1934, carton 19, WRHp.
12. WRH-publishers, November 2, 1934, box 6, BH.
13. WRH-managing editors, November 16, 1934, carton 19, WRHp.
14. SJ, November 22, 24, 1934; Nation, April 24, 1935, 480–8l.
15. Social Frontier, February, 1935, 28–3l.
16. Frederick L. Schuman, letter to editor, Nation, April 24, 1935, 48l.
17. Harry S. Ashmore, Unseasonable Truths: The Life of Robert Maynard Hutchins (Boston: Little, Brown, 1989), 128–32.
18. WRH, NYA, December 9, 1934, in Selections, 110–11; WRH, NYA, January 5, 1935, in Selections, l12–20.
19. WRH-EDC and TJW, April 2, 1935, incoming box 4, EDCp.
20. Ann Weedon, “Hearst Counterfeit American” (New York: American League Against War and Fascism, 1936), 22.
21. William F. Dunne, “An Open Letter to William Randolph Hearst” [1935]; James Casey, “Hearst: Labor’s Enemy No. 1” (New York: Workers Library Publishers, Inc., 1935); Robert Cohen, When the Old Left Was Young (New York: Oxford U.P., 1993), 130,374 n118.
22. NYT, February 25, 1935,18; February 26, 1935, 8.
23. EDC-WRH, March 14, 1935, outgoing box 1, EDCp.
24. Nation, January 15,1936; Newsweek,
May 18, 1935, 22; Time, November 23,1936.
25. Rodney Carlisle, Hearst and the New Deal (New York: Garland, 1979), 118,126–29.
26. JFN-WRH, September 9, 1935, box 66, JFNp.
27. Fortune, October, 1935.
28. Paul Cressy, “A Social Setting for the Motion Picture” [c. 1932], in Children and the Movies, ed. Garth S. Jowett, et al. (New York: Cambridge U.P., 1996), 180–81.
29. Upton Sinclair, I, Candidate for Governor, and How I Got Licked [c. 1934] (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 4–5.
30. Joel Faith, “Louella Parsons: Hearst’s Hollywood Stooge,” New Theatre, August, 1935, 8; “Keeping Tabs on Hearst,” New Republic, May 27, 1936, 41; Newsweek, December 5, 1936.
31. Casey, 3, 5, 15.
32. William Randorf, “Heil Hearst,” New Masses, April 9, 1935, 9; Virginia Spencer Carr, Dos Passos: A Life (New York: Doubleday, 1984), 346; John Dos Passos, U.S.A. (New York: Library of America, 1996), 1169.
33. “Received from San Simeon,” March, 1935, box 5, TVRp.
34. Peoples Committee Against Hearst of the American League Against War and Fascism, NYC Division, “Capone, Karpis, Luciano...Convicted! How much longer will this vilest racketeer of all get away with it?” (New York: American League against War and Fascism, 1936); Oliver Carlson and Ernest Sutherland Bates, Hearst: Lord of San Simeon (New York: Viking, 1936), 249; Ferdinand Lundberg, Imperial Hearst (New York: Modern Library, 1937), 352–53.
35. Lundberg, 352; Saturday Evening Post, August 27, 1938, 66; Connolly-CS, January 28, 1941, BW; John Winkler, William Randolph Hearst: A New Appraisal (New York: Avon, 1955), 323–24.
36. WRH-EDC, April 9, 1935, incoming box 4, EDCp.
37. Harold Ickes, The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1953), 354–55.
38. EDC-WRH, May 9, 1935, outgoing box 1, EDCp; WRH-EDC, May 15, 1935, incoming box 4, EDCp; Edmond D. Coblentz, ed., William Randolph Hearst: A Portrait in His Own Words (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1952), 175–78.
39. Kenneth Davis, FDR: The New Deal Years (New York: Random House, 1986), 544; Ickes, 383–84.
40. Coblentz, 179–80.
41. JW-TJW, November 13, 1935, box 2, WRH, Jr.91.
42. NYT, October 23, 1935, 1, 4; Time, November 4, 1935, 21.
43. FDR-Hutchins, July 1, 1935, PPF 1834, FDRp.
44. Summary of George Allen letter, August 1, 1935, OF 846, FDRp.
45. Statement, August 15, 1935, PPF 62, FDRp; Moley-Early, August 14, 1935, with attachment, box 7, Early.
46. Ickes, 428.
47. NYT, August 29, 30,1935.
48. Donald R. McCoy, Landon of Kansas (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966), 230–32; NYT, December 10, 1935, 6.
49. WRH-publishers and editors, February 7, 1936, carton 20, WRHp.
50. Newsweek, May 16, 1936,13.
51. Sally Bedell Smith, In All His Glory: The Life of William'S. Paley (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990), 168.
52. Emile Gauvreau, My Last Million Readers (New York: Dutton, 1941), 242, 252.
53. TVR-WRH, May 11, 1935, box 5; July 1, 9, 1935, box 6, TVRp; JW-TVR, May 21, 1935, box 5, TVRp; Michael Denning, The Cultural Front (New York: Verso, 1996), 299.
54. TJW-WRH, January 3, 1936, carton 20, WRHp.
55. WRH-TJW, January 11, 1936, carton 20, WRHp.
56. WRH-TVR, January 24,1936; TVR-WRH, January 24, 25, 1936, box 6, TVRp.
57. EDC-WRH, February 21, 1936, outgoing box 1, EDCp.
58. WRH-EDC, April 29, 1936, incoming box 4, EDCp.
59. On strike, see Daniel Leab, A Union of Individuals (New York: Columbia U.P., 1970), 248–90; Rodney Carlisle, Hearst and the New Deal (New York: Garland, 1979), 132–33.
60. Leab, 256.
61. Heywood Broun, Nation, May 6, 1936,584.
62. Time, August 31, 1936, 25.
63. Newsweek, March 28, 1936, ll; April ll, 1936, 14.
64. Newsweek, April ll, 1936, 14.
65. Charles Beard, in Lundberg, ix–x.
66. Ickes, 670–7l.
67. EDC-WRH, September 11, 1936, outgoing box 1, EDCp.
68. H. L. Mencken, September 29, 1936, in On Politics (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins U.P., 1956), 324; Early, “For the press,” September 19, 1936, OF 263, FDR.
69. WRH, NYA, September 27, 1936, in Selections, 129–33.
70. James Ryan, Earl Browder: The Failure of American Communism (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1997), 108–9; EDC-WRH, September 23, 25, October 9, 1936, outgoing box l, EDCp.
71. EDC-WRH, October 9, 1936, outgoing box 1, EDCp; WRH, NYA, October 1,1936.
72. EDC-WRH, October 9, 1936, outgoing box 1, EDCp.
73. Pelham Parkway Democratic Club-FDR, September 21, 1936, OF 263, FDRp.
74. Ickes, 696.
33. The Fall
1. AH-JFN, November 26, 1936, box 39, JFNp.
2. NYT, November 3, 1936.
3. Harold Ickes, The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1953), 704.
4. Ickes, 704; NYT, November 6, 1936; John Boettiger-Will Hays, September 2, 194l, box 20, Boettiger.
5. NYT, December 22, 1936. I thank Blanche Wiesen Cook for bringing this to my attention.
6. Ayer & Sons, American Newspapers Annual and Directory, 1933, 1936, 1937; Ian Gordon, Comic Strips and Consumer Culture (Washington: Smithsonian, 1998), 87–89.
7. Neylan interview, WAS.
8. WRH-JM, September 15, 1936, JMp; AH-JFN, November 26,1936; JFN-AH, December 16, 1936, box 39, JFNp.
9. WRH-JM, November 13, 1936, JMp.
10. Doris Kearns Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987), 573.
11. WRH-MH, December 9, 10, 1936, box 1, WRH, Jr.91.
12. Marion Davies, The Times We Had (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1975), 198–99.
13. AH-JFN, January 18,1937; JFN-AH, Feb 20, 1937, box 39, JFNp.
14. AP-JPK, May 27, 1937, JPKp.
15. TJW-JPK, December 21,1936; AP-JPK, January 13, 24, 1937, JPKp.
16. AP-JPK, January 2,1937; “Properties of W. R. Hearst,” in AP-JPK, April 3,1937; AP, “Proposed Hearst Financing,” in AP-JPK, January 2, 1937, JPKp.
17. Time, April 26, 1937, 49–5l.
18. WRH-AP, April 1, 1937, JPKp; John Tebbel, The Life and Good Times of William Randolph Hearst (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1952), 317.
19. Hickey-JPK, February 5, February 17,1937; AP-JPK, April 1, May 27, 1937, JPKp.
20. George Loorz-JM, February 24, March 9, 1937, cited in Taylor Coffman, The Builders Behind the Castle (San Luis Obispo: San Luis Obispo County Historical Society, 1990), 165, 168.
21. Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc., “Comparison of Negative Costs and Gross Income,” William Schaefer Collection, WB.
22. Fred Lawrence Guiles, Marion Davies (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972), 287; MD-GBS, March 18, [1937], box 2, WRH, Jr.91.
23. WRH-EDC, April 3, 27, 1937, incoming box 4, EDCp.
24. JW-TJW, April 16, 1937, carton 23, WRHp; JPK-MD, April 23, 1937, JPKp.
25. Ouida Rathbone, “Happy Birthday, W. R.,” Esquire, December, 1972,165–77.
26. WRH-JM, May 10, 21, 1937, JMp.
27. Davies, 200.
28. AH-JFN, May 25, 1937, box 39, JFNp.
29. WRH-JM, May 21, 1937; WRH-JM, May 25, 1937; JM-RA, May 25, 1937, JMp, Coffman, 172–3, 177, 179; Richard A. Addison Collection, HSSSHM.
30. Davies, 200; AP-JPK, June 16, 1937, JPKp.
31. JFN-AH, July 19, 1937, box 39, JFNp.
32. WRH-EMP, June 14, 1937, carton 23, WRHp.
33. RH, oh-DN, Time, July 5, 1937, 41–42; July 12, 1937, 26.
34. WRH-JPK, June 27, 1937, JPKp.
35. Coffman, 185.
36. AP-JPK, September 24, 1937, JPKp.
37. AP-JPK, Oct. 12, 1937, JPKp.
38. JW-Konta, transcript of telephone message, December 3, 4, 1937, carton 23, WRHp.
39. WRH-EC, December 16,1937; EC-WRH, December 23, 1937, carton 2
3, WRHp.
40. Hagelberg-JW, June 18, 1937, box 2, WHR, JR.91.
41. Engle, oh-SS, 4–5; Coffman, 186.
42. NYT, October 11, 1937,19; EDC-WRH, October 22, 1937, carton 22, WRHp.
43. “A Partial Inventory of Antiques,” June 4, 1937, carton 22, WRHp; WRH-[Konta or Williams], March 8, 1938, BW.
44. “Classification of Inventory at International Studio Art Corporation,” BW.
45. Time, March 29, 1938, 42.
46. NYT, April 29, 1938, 23; A. J. Liebling, “A Reporter at Large—Hearst with His Own Petard,” New Yorker, November 19, 1938, 40.
47. NYT, November 15, 1938, 20.
48. Liebling, 41; NYT, December 19, 1939, 30.
49. Uncatalogued correspondence, 1938–39, collected by Konta, BW.
34. “All Very Sad, But We Cannot Kick Now”
1. Marion Davies, The Times We Had (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1975), 170,195.
2. Swinnerton, oh-SS, 36.
3. WRH-A. Merritt, August 7, 1940, carton 30, WRHp.
4. Engle, oh-SS, 7–8.
5. Gates, oh-SS.
6. NYT, June l, 1938, 38; Ferdinand Lundberg, “Mr. Hearst in Eclipse,” Nation, November 12, 1938, 50l; JFN-Board of Directors, February 28, 1939, carton 27, WRHp; JFN-AH, March 14, 1939, box 39, JFNp.
7. MHu-MacKay, Jr., February 24, 1939, carton 27, WRHp; MacKay-WRH, February 23, 1939, box 4, WRH, Jr.91.
8. JFN-WRH, April 4, 1945, box 66, JFNp; JFN-Board of Directors, March 10, 1939, carton 27, WRHp; WRH-WRH, Jr., March 11, 1939, box 16, BH.
9. JFN-AH, April 11, 1939, box 39, JFNp.
10. Time, March 13, 1939, 49–50, 56.
11. Aldous Huxley, After Many a Summer Dies the Swan (New York: Harper & Row, 1965), 13; Davies, 265.
12. Wahlberg, oh-SS, 18–19; RH, oh-DN.
13. JPK-WRH, August 3, 1938, box 4, WRH, Jr.91.
14. WRH-MacKay, February 14, 1939, box 4, WRH, Jr.91.
15. WRH-RB, October 4, 1940, carton 29; RB-WRH, October 6, 1942, carton 37, WRHp.
16. RH, oh-DN.
17. WRH-GH, October 25, 1940, box 1, WRH, Jr.91.
18. WRH-JH, January 19, 1939, box 1, WRH, Jr.91.
19. TJW-JH, June 13, 1939, box 4; WRH-JH, November 6, 1941, box 1, WRH, Jr.91.
20. WRH-Gortatowsky, June 13, 1942, in William Randolph Hearst, Jr., with Jack Casserly, The Hearsts: Father and Son (Niwot, Col.: Roberts Rinehart, 1991), 97; WRH-JH, June 23, 1942, box 1, WRH, Jr.91.