The Patriarch

by David Nasaw

  42. JPK to Hull, Mar. 22, 1938, box 109, JPKP.

  43. NYT, Mar. 25, 1938.

  44. JPK to Krock et al., Mar. 28, 1938, Smith, HTF, 248.

  45. Allen to JPK, Apr. 5, 1938, JPKP.

  46. Halifax, Apr. 6, 1938, FO 371/214934, NAUK.

  47. JPK to Hull, Apr. 6, 1938, Wilson.

  48. JPK to Welles, Apr. 15, 1938; Welles to JPK, FRUS, 1938, 1:143–45, 127–28.

  49. Pearson and Allen, Apr. 22, 1938, http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/pearson/pearson.shtml.

  50. JPK to Pearson, May 3, 1938, Smith, HTF, 255.

  51. Pearson to JPK, May 4, 1938, G210, 3 of 5, “Public Figures,” Pearson.

  52. NYT, July 1, 1937.

  53. KKH to NA, n.d., MS 1416/1/2/478; JPK, Jr. to NA, Apr. 27, 1939, MS 1416/1/2/478, Astor; JPK to NA, Dec. 8, 1938, 1416/1/2/471, Astor.

  54. JPK to NA, May 10, 1938, in Smith, HTF, 256.

  55. Friedländer, Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1:241; SS to [American ambassadors], Mar. 23, FRUS, 1938, 1: 740–41; NYT, Mar. 26, 1938.

  56. Halifax, Apr. 6, 1938, FO 371/21494, NAUK; Louise London, Whitehall and the Jews: 1933–1948 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 60–61.

  57. Karmel to JPK, Mar. 25, 1938; JPK to Karmel, Mar. 29, 1938, box 109, JPKP.

  58. Ickes, diary, July 3, 1938, Ickes.

  59. Foreign Office minutes, June 9, 1938, FO 371, NAUK.

  60. JPK, diary, Apr. 6, 1938, JPK to Hull, Apr. 9, 1938, box 100; JPK to Welles, Apr. 19, 1938, box 117, JPKP.

  61. JPK to JR, Apr. 26, 1938, box 71, JPKP.

  62. Ribbentrop memorandum, June 10, 1938, in Documents on German Foreign Policy, series D, vol. 1, 713–18.

  63. Dirksen to Weizsäcker, June 13, 1938, in Documents on German Foreign Policy, series D, vol. 1, 713–18.

  SIXTEEN: A RATHER DREADFUL HOMECOMING

  1. JPK to Fisher, May 20, 1938, box 106, JPKP.

  2. British Pathé newsreel, June 8, 1939.

  3. Byrnes to JPK, Apr. 12, 1938, box 47, Byrnes.

  4. WRH to JPK, May 16, 1938, box 109, JPKP.

  5. JPK to Krock, May 24, 1938; Krock to JPK, June 1, 1938, box 110, JPKP.

  6. NYT, June 21, 1938.

  7. Ickes, diary, July 3, 1938, Ickes.

  8. JPK to Krock, Oct. 10, 1941, box 56, Krock.

  9. Joseph P. Lash, Eleanor: The Years Alone (New York: Norton, 1972), 287; Gore Vidal to author, Oct. 21, 2009.

  10. Krock to JPK, Clark to Krock, June 23, 1938, box 109, JPKP.

  11. JPK to Bignay, July 22, 1938, Smith, HTF, 268–69; McCormick to JPK, n.d., Smith, HTF, 269, n. 109.

  12. Krock, Memoirs, 187–89.

  13. Alva Johnston, “‘Jimmy’s Got It.’”

  14. NYT, June 30, 1938.

  15. JPK to JFK, May 2, 1938, box 1, JPKP.

  16. Pearson and Allen, July 1, 1938, http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/pearson/pearson.shtml.

  SEVENTEEN: MUNICH

  1. Dirksen to state secretary in the German Foreign Ministry, July 20, 1938, in Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918–1945, series D, vol. 1, 721–23.

  2. JPK, diary, July 20, 1938, box 100, JPKP.

  3. S. Adler-Rudel, “The Evian Conference on the Refugee Question,” in Yearbook of the Leo Baeck Institute, 1968, 13: 246–47.

  4. Catherine Bailey, Black Diamonds (London: Viking, 2007), 349–51; Barbara Leaming, Jack Kennedy: The Education of a Statesman (New York: Norton, 2006), 86.

  5. REFK, diary, July 24, 1938, box 2, REFK.

  6. Maria Riva, Marlene Dietrich (New York: Ballantine Books, 1992), 469.

  7. Morgenthau, diaries, Aug. 30, 1938, vol. 140, item 7, Morgenthau.

  8. Henry Morgenthau III, Mostly Morgenthaus: A Family History (New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1991), 290–91.

  9. Riva, Marlene Dietrich, 469.

  10. Burns to JPK, Aug. 2, 1938, box 103, JPKP.

  11. Krock to JPK, Aug. 11, 1938, box 109, JPKP.

  12. JPK to Messersmith, Sept. 12, 1938, box 112, JPKP.

  13. Messersmith to JPK, Oct. 1, 1938, w.b. 32; JPK to Messersmith, Oct. 13, 1938, box 112, JPKP.

  14. REFK, diary, Aug. 17, 21, 1938, box 2, REFKP; JPK, Jr., to JPK, n.d., box 1, JPKP.

  15. Bullitt to SS, Aug. 29, FRUS, 1938, 1:776–78.

  16. JPK to SS, Aug. 31, FRUS, 1938, 1:566.

  17. JPK to SS, Aug. 30, FRUS, 1938, 1:560–61.

  18. JPK to SS, Sept. 1, FRUS, 1938, 1:565–66; CDT, Sept. 3, 1938.

  19. FDR to Hull, Sept. 1, 1938, box 170, Hull; Morgenthau, diaries, Sept. 1, 1938, vol. 138, 33–35, Morgenthau.

  20. Morgenthau, diaries, Aug. 30, 1938, vol. 140, item 7, Morgenthau.

  21. JPK to SS, Aug 31, 1938, box 37, FDRRSF.

  22. Moffat, diary, Aug. 31, 1938, Moffat.

  23. Morgenthau, diaries, Sept. 1, 1938, vol. 138, Morgenthau.

  24. Ickes, diary, July 16, 1938, Ickes.

  25. JPK, Jr., to JPK, Sept. 6, 1938; EKS to JPK, Sept. 4, 1938, box 2, JPKP.

  26. JPK to SS, Sept. 10, FRUS, 1938, 1:585–86; Halifax to Lindsay, Sept. 10, 1938, FO 371/21636, NAUK.

  27. Halifax to Lindsay, Sept. 11, 1938, FO 371/21736, NAUK; JPK to Hull, Sept. 11, FRUS, 1938, 1:587–88.

  28. Kordt to German Foreign Ministry, Sept. 12, 1938, Documents on German Foreign Policy, series D, vol. 2, 742–43; Selzam, memorandum, in Kordt to German Foreign Ministry, Sept. 12, 1938, in Documents on German Foreign Policy, series D, vol. 2, 743–44.

  29. JPK to SS, Sept. 12, FRUS, 1938, 1:591.

  30. JPK to SS, Sept. 13, FRUS, 1938, 1:592.

  31. REFK, diary, Sept. 13, 14, 1938, box 2, REFKP.

  32. JPK to Goldsmith, Sept. 14, 1938, box 108, JPKP.

  33. Goldsmith to JPK, Sept. 16, 1938, box 108, JPKP.

  34. JPK to SS, Sept. 17, [two cables], FRUS, 1938, 1:607–12.

  35. Morgenthau, diaries, Sept. 19, 1938, vol. 141, 115, Morgenthau.

  36. JPK to SS, Sept. 19, FRUS, 1938, 1: 622; JPK, “DM,” 14:28, JPKP.

  37. Anne Morrow Lindbergh: The Flower and the Nettle: Diaries and Letters, 1936–1939 (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976), 409.

  38. Charles Lindbergh, The Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970), 72.

  39. Lindbergh, in JPK to Hull, Sept. 22, 1938, box 450, Lindbergh.

  40. John Slessor, The Central Blue (New York: Praeger, 1957), 218–19.

  41. Ian Kershaw, Hitler: 1936–1945, Nemesis (New York: Norton, 2000), 112–15.

  42. Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 102–3; JPK to SS, Sept. 24, FRUS, 1938, 1:642–43.

  43. Transcript of telephone conversation, Hull and JPK, Sept. 24, 1938, box 66, Hull.

  44. JPK to SS, Sept. 25, FRUS, 1938, 1:652.

  45. JPK, “DM,” 15:11; JPK to SS, Sept. 26, 1938, box 170; JPK, “DM,” 14:1, 2, JPKP.

  46. FDR to Hitler, Sept. 26, FRUS, 1938, 1: 657–58.

  47. Transcript of telephone conversation, Welles to JPK, Sept. 26, FRUS, 1938, 1:660–61.

  48. William Shirer, Berlin Diary (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1941), 141–42.

  49. Hitler to FDR, received Sept. 26, FRUS, 1938, 1:669–72; JPK, “DM,” 16:4, JPKP.

  50. JPK, diary, Sept. 27, 1938, box 100, JPKP; John Wheeler-Bennett, Munich: Prologue to Tragedy (New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1948), 151–52.

  51. JPK, diary, Sept. 27, 1938, Smith, HTF, 286–87; JKS to author, Dec. 11, 2009; JPK, “DM,” 16:7, JPKP.

  52. JPK, diary, Sept. 27, 1938, box 100, JPKP.

  53. Ickes, Secret Diary, 2:477.

  54. Transcript of telephone conversation, Welles to JPK, Sept. 27, FRUS, 1938, 1: 678–79.

/>   55. REFK, diary, Sept. 28, 1938, box 2, REFKP.

  56. JPK, “DM,” 16:12–13.

  57. JPK, “DM,” 16:13.

  58. Harold George Nicolson, Diaries and Letters, ed. Nigel Nicolson (New York: Atheneum, 1966–1968), 1:370–71.

  59. JPK to SS, Sept. 28, FRUS, 1938, 1:692–93.

  60. JPK, “DM,” 16:16, JPKP.

  61. SS to JPK, Sept. 28, FRUS, 1938, 1:688.

  62. JPK, diary, Sept. 28, 1938, box 100, JPKP; REFK, diary, Sept. 28, 1938, box 2, REFKP.

  EIGHTEEN: THE KENNEDY PLAN

  1. Churchill, speech, http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1938/oct/05/policy-of-his-majestys-government.

  2. Welles to JPK, Oct. 5, FRUS, 1938, 1:791–92.

  3. JPK, “DM,” 29:1–2, JPKP; Chamberlain to FDR, Oct. 7, FRUS, 1938, 1:794–95, sequence of clauses rearranged.

  4. JPK to Sarnoff, Oct. 7, 1938, box 115, JPKP.

  5. Rublee and Welles, “Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation,” [Oct. 10], FRUS, 1938, 1:795–96.

  6. Rublee to Warren, in Rublee to Taylor, Oct. 14, 1938, The Holocaust, vol. 6, Jewish Emigration 1938–1940 (New York: Garland Publishing, 1982), 1–3.

  7. Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (New York: MJF Books, 1972), 509; Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History (New York: Morrow, 1998), 80–95; NYT, Oct. 2, 4, 6, 1938.

  8. Weizmann to Brandeis et al., Oct. 6, 1936, Szold Papers, CZA.

  9. SS to JPK, Oct. 12, FRUS, 1938, 2:951–53.

  10. Transcript of telephone conversation, Hull and JPK, Oct. 14, 1938, Hull.

  11. Pearson and Allen, Oct. 31, 1938, http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/pearson/pearson.shtml.

  12. JPK to Hull, Oct. 28, 1938, Smith, HTF, 297.

  13. FDR to JPK, Nov. 2, 1938, PSF 38, FDRL.

  14. Trafalgar Day address, Oct. 19, 1938, box 155, JPKP; NYT, Oct. 20, 1938.

  15. Moffat, diary, Oct. 21, 1938, Moffat.

  16. Moffat, diary, Oct. 26, 1938, Moffat; NYT, Oct. 27, 1938.

  17. Frank Kent, “The Great Game of Politics,” WSJ, Oct. 28, 1938; Moffat, diary, Nov. 4, 1938, Moffat.

  18. Burns to JPK, Nov. 4, 1938, box 103, JPKP.

  19. JPK to White, Nov. 12, 1938, Smith, HTF, 299–300.

  20. JPK, “DM,” 18:4–6; JPK to Fleeson, Nov. 9, 1938, Smith, HTF, 298–99; JPK to White, Nov. 12, 1938, Smith, HTF, 299–300.

  21. JPK, Jr., draft, Nov. 14, 1938, Smith, HTF, 301–2.

  22. JFK to parents, n.d., box 1, JFKP.

  23. NA to Anne Lindbergh, Nov. 2, 1938, Lindbergh-Astor correspondence, MS 1416/1/2/471, Astor; Beaverbrook to Gannett, Dec. 9, 1938, Gannett.

  24. Cohen to Szold, Oct. 12, 1938, Jacobs.

  25. “X’s” interview with Kennedy, Nov. 2, 1938, Weizmann.

  26. Jacobs to Szold, Nov. 4, 1938, Jacobs.

  27. Lipstadt, Beyond Belief, 98.

  28. Friedländer, Nazi Germany and the Jews, 277.

  29. JPK to Lindbergh, Nov. 12, 1938, Smith, HTF, 300–301.

  30. REFK, diary, Nov. 13, 1938, box 2, REFKP; JPK, Jr., diary, Nov. 14, 1938, in author’s possession.

  31. Henry Feingold, The Politics of Rescue (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1970, 31, 92, 102–5.

  32. Press conference no. 500, Nov. 15, 1938, FDRL; Moffat, diary, Nov. 16, 17, 1938, Moffat.

  33. REFK, diary, Nov. 15, 1938, box 2, REFKP; JPK, diary, Nov. 15, 1938, box 100, JPKP.

  34. Halifax to Lindsay, Nov. 16, 1938, FO 371/21637, NAUK.

  35. Minutes of cabinet meeting, Nov. 16, 1938, FO 371/21658, NAUK.

  36. Welles, memorandum of conversation, Nov. 17, FRUS, 1938, 1:829–31.

  37. JPK to SS, Nov. 18, 1938, PSF 31, FDRL.

  38. Moffat, diary, Nov. 22, 1938, Moffat.

  39. JPK to Fisher, Nov. 25, 1938, 106; JPK to Davenport, Nov. 25, 1938, box 105, JPKP; JPK, Jr., Dec. 10, 1938, Smith, HTF, 305–6.

  40. JPK to Fleeson, Nov. 9, 1938, Smith, HTF, 298–9; JPK to Boettiger, Nov. 25, 1938, Smith, HTF, 304; JPK, Jr., “November 21,” Smith, HTF, 303–4.

  41. CDT, Dec. 5, 1938; Ickes, diary, Nov. 25, 1938, Ickes.

  42. Morgenthau, diaries, Dec. 5, 1938, vol. 154, 367–68, Morgenthau.

  43. JPK, Jr., mss., Dec. 10, 1938, Smith, HTF, 305–6.

  44. Pearson and Allen, Dec. 8, 1938, http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/pearson/pearson.shtml.

  45. JPK, memorandum, Dec. 19, 1938, PSF 37, FDRL.

  46. REFK to JPK, n.d., box 2, JPKP.

  47. LAT, Jan. 11, 1939, 1.

  48. Halifax to Chamberlain, Chamberlain to Halifax, Feb. 3, 1939, FO 371/22827, NAUK.

  49. JPK, “DM,” 21:13, JPKP.

  50. Moffat, diary, Feb. 9, 1939, Moffat.

  NINETEEN: SIDELINED AND CENSORED

  1. JPK to SS, Feb. 17, FRUS, 1939, 1:14–17.

  2. Welles, memorandum, Feb. 20, FRUS, 1939, 1:18–20.

  3. JPK to FDR, Mar. 3, 1939, PSF 37, FDRL.

  4. FDR to Chief of Naval Operations, PSF Navy, Mar. 13, 1939, FDRL.

  5. JPK to Galeazzi, Feb. 25, 1939, box 107; Hull to JPK, Mar. 7, 1939, box 172, JPKP.

  6. Pope Paul VI, oral history, 1964, JPKOHP; JPK, diary, Mar. 12, 1938, box 100, JPKP.

  7. JPK to Hull, Mar. 18, 1939, Smith, HTF, 321–22.

  8. JPK, diary, Mar. 21, 1939, box 100, JPKP.

  9. JPK to SS, Mar. 31, FRUS, 1939, 1:105–6.

  10. JPK, diary, Mar. 30, 1939, box 100, JPKP.

  11. Lindbergh, The Flower and the Nettle, 526–29; JPK to Murphy, Apr. 18, 1939, Smith, HTF, 330.

  12. George F. Kennan, Memoirs: 1925–1950 (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1967), 91–92.

  13. JPK to JFK, June 7, 1939, box 2, JPKP.

  14. REFK, diary, July 4, 1939, box 2, REFKP.

  15. Torbert Macdonald, oral history, Aug. 11, 1968, JFKOHP.

  16. RK to JPK, Feb. 27, 1939, box 2, JPKP.

  17. CBL to JPK, Oct. 10, 1938, box 91, CBLP.

  18. CBL to JPK, May 26, 1939, box 93, CBLP.

  19. Alan Brinkley, The Publisher (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010), 306.

  20. Sylvia Jukes Morris, Rage for Fame (New York: Random House, 1997), 340–41.

  21. SS to JPK, Apr. 18, FRUS, 1939, 2:234–35; June 20, 2:256–57.

  22. JPK to Welles, Apr. 5, 1939, box 117, JPKP.

  23. FDR to Hitler and Mussolini, Apr. 14, FRUS, 1939, 1:130–33.

  24. JPK to Roosevelt, Hull, Apr. 20, 1939, Smith, HTF, 330.

  25. Transcript of telephone conversation, Hull and JPK, Apr. 24, 1939, Hull.

  26. James D. Mooney, notes on European travel, box 1, Mooney.

  27. JPK to Welles, May 4, 1939, Smith, HTF, 331–32.

  28. Welles to JPK, May 4, 1939, box 174, JPKP.

  29. Mooney, notes on European travel, box 1, Mooney.

  30. NYT, Feb. 12, 1939.

  31. JPK to SS, Feb. 27, FRUS, 1939, 4:718.

  32. SS to JPK, Mar. 2, FRUS, 1939, 4:722.

  33. Moshe Sharett, “Political Journal of Moshe Sharett,” Feb. 28, 1939, Lavon Institute, Tel Aviv; translation from Hebrew by A. Goren.

  34. Murray, memorandum of conversation, Mar. 17, FRUS, 1939, 4:732; Welles to JPK, Mar. 19; JPK to SS, Mar. 20, FRUS, 1939, 4:737–38.

  35. Moore to Burns, Feb. 13, 1939, box 133; Moore to Goldsmith, Feb. 15, Mar. 6, 27, 1939, box 134, JPKP.

  36. Goldsmith to Moore, Apr. 10, 1939, box 134, JPKP.

  37. Sharett, “Political Journal,” Apr. 30, 1939.

  38. Sharett, “Political Journal,” May 1, 1939.

  39. JPK to SS, May 9; FDR to Welles, May 10; JPK to SS, May 11, FRUS, 1939, 4:748–50.

  40. Mapai rep
ort, in Sharett, “Political Journal,” June 14, 1938; Sharett, “Political Journal,” May 11, 1939.

  41. Mapai report, in Sharett, “Political Journal,” June 14, 1939.

  42. Goldman to Weizmann, June 20, 1939, Weizmann.

  43. Zioniburo [London] to AMZO [American Zionist Organization, Washington] A407/130, Szold; JPK to Cohen, May 16, 1939, Szold.

  44. Goldman to JPK, May 17, 1939, Szold.

  45. JPK to Goldman, June 2, 1939, Szold.

  46. British White Paper of 1939, Avalon Project, http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century?brwh1939.asp.

  47. Weizmann to Goldman, May 30, 1939, Weizmann.

  48. Goldman to Weizmann, June 20, 1939, Weizmann.

  49. LAT, May 8, 1939, 1; Pearson and Allen, July 12, 1939, http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/pearson/pearson.shtml.

  50. The Week, May 17, 1939.

  51. Ickes, diary, July 2, 1939; New Republic, June 21, 1939, 1.

  52. JPK to Carter, June 13, 1939, box 104, JPKP.

  53. “Reminiscences of Walter Lippmann,” 1950, 183, CUOH.

  54. JPK to SS, July 19, 20, FRUS, 1939, 1:286–88.

  55. JPK to FDR, July 20, 1939, PSF 37, FDRL.

  56. Arthur Krock, “Why Ambassador Kennedy Is Not Coming Home,” NYT, July 18, 1939.

  57. FDR to JPK, July 22, 1939, Smith, HTF, 353–54.

  58. JPK to FDR, Aug. 9, 1939, Smith, HTF, 354–55.

  59. JPK to Houghton, Aug. 29, 1939, box 109; REFK, diary, June 13, 1939, box 2, REFKP.

  60. JPK to Houghton, Aug. 31, 1939, box 109, JPKP; Riva, 486–87.

  TWENTY: “THIS COUNTRY IS AT WAR WITH GERMANY”

  1. Kirk to SS, Aug. 21, 1939, FRUS, 1939, 1:337.

  2. JPK to SS, Aug. 23, FRUS, 1939, 1: 339–42, 355–56.

  3. JPK, diary, Aug. 24, 1939, Smith, HTF, 356–60; “DM,” 23:5–6, JPKP.

  4. Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull, 2 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1948), 1:662.

  5. JPK to SS, Aug. 25, FRUS, 1939, 1:369–70.

  6. JPK, diary, Aug. 24, 1939, Smith, HTF, 356–60.

  7. JPK, “DM,” 23:7–8, JPKP.

  8. JPK, diary, Aug. 24 [25], 1939, Smith, HTF, 356–60.

  9. JPK to Houghton, Aug. 29, 1939, box 108, JPKP.

  10. Derby to JPK, Aug. 26; JPK to Derby, Aug. 29, 1939, box 106; Morgan to JPK, Aug. 29, 1939, box 112, JPKP.

  11. JPK to SS, Aug. 29, FRUS, 1939, 1:381–82.