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Lost to Time

Page 24

by Martin W. Sandler


  151 “No troops belonging to States”: New York Times, May 3, 1865.

  Chapter 8: America’s First Subway

  153 By the time this secret subway was built: Ric Burns et al., New York: An Illustrated History (New York: Knopf, 2003).

  154 It was, in many ways: Kenneth T. Jackson and David S. Dunbar, Empire City: New York Through the Centuries (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002).

  155 Several New York doctors speculated: Edward Robb Ellis, The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History (New York: Kodansha America, 1997).

  155–156 “The driver swears at the passengers”: James Blaine Walker, Fifty Years of Rapid Transit, 1864–1917 (New York: Arno Press, 1970).

  159 “The entire distance [of the tunnel]”: Alfred E. Beach, The Pneumatic Dispatch (New York: American News Company, 1868).

  160 “[It] is by far the largest machine”: Alfred E. Beach, Illustrated Description of the Broadway Pneumatic Underground Railway with a Full Description of the Atmospheric Machinery and the Great Tunneling Machine (New York: S. W. Green, 1870).

  161 “A tube, a car, a revolving fan”: Alfred E. Beach, The Pneumatic Dispatch (New York: American News Company, 1868).

  163–164 “It is . . . estimated”: Ibid.

  165 The building, which in 1858 was originally budgeted: Kenneth Ackerman, Boss Tweed: The Rise and Fall of the Corrupt Pol Who Conceived the Soul of Modern New York (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2005).

  165 Among the possessions for which he was best known: Ibid.

  170 “Our original intention was to construct”: “The Broadway Mystery,” New York Times, January 8, 1870, www.nycsubway.org/articles/beach-1870-01-08.html.

  170 On February 26, Beach held his reception: Alfred E. Beach, Illustrated Description of the Broadway Pneumatic Underground Railway with a Full Description of the Atmospheric Machinery and the Great Tunneling Machine (New York: S. W. Green, 1870).

  172 “The conductor touched a telegraph wire”: Ibid.

  172 “So the world goes on”: Helen C. Weeks, “What a Bore!” Youth’s Companion, February 2, 1871, p. 40, www.merrycoz.org/yc/BORE.HTM.

  173 “The days of dusty horsecars and rumbling omnibuses”: Ibid.

  174 Unlike the subway extension proposal: Alfred E. Beach, Illustrated Description of the Broadway Pneumatic Underground Railway with a Full Description of the Atmospheric Machinery and the Great Tunneling Machine (New York: S. W. Green, 1870).

  174 “It is only through an underground railway”: Joseph Brennan, Beach Pneumatic, 2004–2005, www.columbia.edu/~brennan/beach/.

  177 “Now is it likely I’m going to run away?”: Kenneth Ackerman, Boss Tweed: The Rise and Fall of the Corrupt Pol Who Conceived the Soul of Modern New York (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2005).

  Chapter 9: Peshtigo

  183 By 1870, more than seven miles: “Remembering the Peshtigo Fire,” Peshtigo Times, October 7, 1998.

  183 Six miles northeast was Marinette: Denise Gess and William Lutz, Firestorm at Peshtigo: A Town, Its People, and the Deadliest Fire in American History (New York: Henry Holt, 2002).

  184–185 “Farmers had profited”: Peter Pernin, “The Great Peshtigo Fire: An Eyewitness Account,” Wisconsin Magazine of History 54, No. 4 (1971). Courtesy of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, www.library.wisc.edu/etext/WIReader/WER2002-1.html.

  186–187 “On September 22”: Ibid.

  187 Father Pernin’s narrow escape: Peter Pernin, The Great Peshtigo Fire: An Eyewitness Account (Madison: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2nd ed., 1999).

  188 “I have . . . seen fires sweep”: Peter Pernin, “The Great Peshtigo Fire: An Eyewitness Account,” Wisconsin Magazine of History 54, No. 4 (1971). Courtesy of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, www.library.wisc.edu/etext/WIReader/WER2002-1.html.

  188–189 “Sunday evening, after church”: Elias Colbert and Everett Chamberlin, Chicago and the Great Conflagration (Cincinnati: C. F. Vent, 1872).

  189 “To reach the river”: Ibid.

  192 “Horses’ manes and tails blowin’ to the right”: Alice Behrend, Burning Bush (Peshtigo, Wis.: Peshtigo Times, 2002).

  193 “Scores failed to reach the river at all”: Franklin Tilton, Sketch of the Great Fires in Wisconsin at Peshtigo . . . and Thrilling and Truthful Tales by Eye Witnesses (Green Bay, Wis.: Robinson and Kustermann, 1871).

  193 “The bridge was thoroughly encumbered”: Peter Pernin, “The Great Peshtigo Fire: An Eyewitness Account,” Wisconsin Magazine of History 54, No. 4 (1971). Courtesy of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, www.library.wisc.edu/etext/WIReader/WER2002-1.html.

  194 “Standing in the cold water”: Ibid.

  194 “Ever’thin’ was driftin’ up against us”: Alice Behrend, Burning Bush (Peshtigo, Wis.: Peshtigo Times, 2002).

  195 “I looked up the street”: “Remembering the Peshtigo Fire,” Peshtigo Times, October 7, 1998.

  196 Gradually, those who had managed: Denise Gess and William Lutz, Firestorm at Peshtigo: A Town, Its People, and the Deadliest Fire in American History (New York: Henry Holt, 2002).

  196 “My father saved his orphaned children”: Alice Behrend, Burning Bush (Peshtigo, Wis.: Peshtigo Times, 2002).

  196 “At the boarding house”: Franklin Tilton, Sketch of the Great Fires in Wisconsin at Peshtigo . . . and Thrilling and Truthful Tales by Eye Witnesses (Green Bay, Wis.: Robinson and Kustermann, 1871).

  197 “Here lay a group”: Ibid.

  197 “Whilst wandering among the ruins”: Peter Pernin, “The Great Peshtigo Fire: An Eyewitness Account,” Wisconsin Magazine of History 54, No. 4 (1971). Courtesy of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, www.library.wisc.edu/etext/WIReader/WER2002-1.html.

  197 Like Frank Tilton, owner and editor Luther Noyes: Denise Gess and William Lutz, Firestorm at Peshtigo: A Town, Its People, and the Deadliest Fire in American History (New York: Henry Holt, 2002).

  198 “Alas that I should have to record”: Peter Pernin, “The Great Peshtigo Fire: An Eyewitness Account,” Wisconsin Magazine of History 54, No. 4 (1971). Courtesy of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, www.library.wisc.edu/etext/WIReader/WER2002-1.html.

  198–199 “After daylight, stragglers began”: Franklin Tilton, Sketch of the Great Fires in Wisconsin at Peshtigo . . . and Thrilling and Truthful Tales by Eye Witnesses (Green Bay, Wis: Robinson and Kustermann, 1871).

  200 “In the entire Upper Bush country”: Elias Colbert and Everett Chamberlin, Chicago and the Great Conflagration (Cincinnati: C. F. Vent, 1872).

  200 “When I heard the roar of the approaching tornado”: Franklin Tilton, Sketch of the Great Fires in Wisconsin at Peshtigo . . . and Thrilling and Truthful Tales by Eye Witnesses (Green Bay, Wis.: Robinson and Kustermann, 1871).

  201 Frances Fairchild, the governor’s wife: Denise Gess and William Lutz, Firestorm at Peshtigo: A Town, Its People, and the Deadliest Fire in American History (New York: Henry Holt, 2002).

  201 Ogden, who had lost over 1 million in property: Ibid.

  203 On February 24, 1872, in a tribute: Denise Gess and William Lutz, Firestorm at Peshtigo: A Town, Its People, and the Deadliest Fire in American History (New York: Henry Holt, 2002).

  203 “The true total will never be known”: Peter Pernin, “The Great Peshtigo Fire: An Eyewitness Account,” Wisconsin Magazine of History 54, No. 4 (1971). Courtesy of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, www.library.wisc.edu/etext/WIReader/WER2002-1.html.

  204 What is known is that for years after the fire: Denise Gess and William Lutz, Firestorm at Peshtigo: A Town, Its People, and the Deadliest Fire in American History (New York: Henry Holt, 2002).

  204–205 “A prolonged drought, a rural agriculture”: Stephen J. Payne’s foreword to the reprint edition of Peter Perrin, The Great Peshtigo Fire: An Eyewitness Account. Madison: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 1999.

  Chapter 10: Gustave Whitehead

  209 “In approximately April or May 1899”: G. K. Weissenborn, “Did Whitehead Fly?” Air Enthus
iast, January 1988.

  209 “I recall that someone was”: Ibid.

  210–211 “A novel flying machine”: Scientific American, June 8, 1901.

  212–213 “When the power was shut”: Bridgeport Herald, August 18, 1901.

  214 “Mr. Whitehead . . . last Tuesday night” these articles stated: New York Herald, August 19, 1901; Boston Transcript, August 19, 1901.

  214 “It’s a funny sensation to fly”: Bridgeport Herald, August 18, 1901.

  215 “Not far ahead the long field ended”: Ibid.

  216 “I did witness and was present”: G. K. Weissenborn, “Did Whitehead Fly?” Air Enthusiast, January 1988.

  217 the Spanish-American War: Frank Delear, “Gustave Whitehead and the First Flight Controversy,” Aviation History, March 1996.

  217 “Whitehead in 1901 and Wright Brothers in 1903”: Ibid.

  221 “Newspaper readers will remember”: Megan Adam, “Gustave Whitehead’s Flying Machine,” www.deepsky.com/~firstflight/Pages/article4.html.

  222 Forced to take a job: Frank Delear, “Gustave Whitehead and the First Flight Controversy,” Aviation History, March 1996.

  225 “Weisskopf’s excommunication from the halls”: G. K. Weissenborn, “Did Whitehead Fly?” Air Enthusiast, January 1988.

  225 In what can only be regarded: Thomas D. Crouch, A Dream of Wings: Americans and the Airplane, 1875–1905 (New York: Norton, 1976).

  227 “The long-suffering ghost of Gustave Whitehead”: Frank Delear, “Gustave Whitehead and the First Flight Controversy,” Aviation History, March 1996.

  Chapter 11: Exercise Tiger

  230–231 “I am concerned over the absence”: Harry C. Butcher, My Three Years with Eisenhower: The Personal Diary of Harry C. Butcher (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1946).

  232 Under authority of the 1939 Compensation: Ken Small, The Forgotten Dead (London: Bloomsbury, 1988).

  234 “NOTICE”: “The Evacuation of the South Hams by Jane Putt,” www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/25/a8633225.shtml.

  237 Some were armed with either: Ralph C. Greene and Oliver E. Allen, “What Happened Off Devon,” American Heritage, February/March 1985.

  238 “We crossed the convoy route”: Ibid.

  238 “We all saw it”: Ibid.

  239 “[At 2:30 a.m.]”: Ibid.

  239 “General Quarters rudely aroused us”: Naval Historical Center, Oral Histories—Exercise Tiger, 28 April 1944, Recollections by Lt. Eugene E. Eckstam, MC, USNR (Ret.), adapted from “The Tragedy of Exercise Tiger,” Navy Medicine 85, No. 3 (May–June 1994): 5–7.

  240 “There was a deafening roar”: Susan English and Aaron Elson, A Mile in Their Shoes: Conversations with Veterans of World War II (Maywood, NJ: Chi Chi Press, 1998).

  240 “Suddenly . . . there was [another] explosion”: Clifford M. Graves, Front Line Surgeons: A History of the Third Auxiliary Surgery Group (San Diego: Frye and Smith, 1950).

  240 “Trucks, men, and jeeps”: Ralph C. Greene and Oliver E. Allen, “What Happened off Devon,” American Heritage, February/March 1985.

  241 “There were a lot of guys on the front end”: Susan English and Aaron Elson, A Mile in Their Shoes: Conversations with Veterans of World War II (Maywood, NJ: Chi Chi Press, 1998).

  241 “The worst memory I have”: Paul Stokes, “Veterans Honour 749 Who Died in D-Day Rehearsal,” Daily Telegraph (London), April 29, 1994.

  243 Although it took hours: Ralph C. Greene and Oliver E. Allen, “What Happened Off Devon,” American Heritage, February/March 1985.

  243 “The convoy was now broken up”: Ken Small, The Forgotten Dead (London: Bloomsbury, 1988).

  244 “We arrived in the area at daybreak”: Ralph C. Greene and Oliver E. Allen, “What Happened Off Devon,” American Heritage, February/March 1985.

  244–245 “We pulled away from [our] sinking LST”: Ken Small, The Forgotten Dead (London: Bloomsbury, 1988).

  245–246 “I spotted some wreckage”: Ibid.

  246 “When we got closer to land”: Ralph C. Greene and Oliver E. Allen, “What Happened Off Devon,” American Heritage, February/March 1985.

  247 “We’re in the war at last”: Ibid.

  247 “They were filled”: Ibid.

  248 Typical of the statements: Charles H. MacDonald, “Slapton Sands: The Cover-up That Never Was,” Army 38, No. 6 (June 1988).

  250 “virtually no records”: Ken Small, The Forgotten Dead (London: Bloomsbury, 1988).

  250 The Department of Defense agreed: Ralph C. Greene and Oliver E. Allen, “What Happened Off Devon,” American Heritage, February/March 1985.

  BIBLIOGRAPHY

  Chapter 1: Ziryab

  Ali, Yusef. “The Music of the Moors in Spain,” in “Golden Age of the Moor,” ed. Ivan Van Sertima, Journal of African Civilizations 11, 1991.

  Bosworth, Clifford E. Encyclopedia of Islam. Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill, 2004.

  Burckhardt, Titus. Moorish Culture in Spain. New York: McGraw Hill, 1972.

  Carew, Jan. “Moorish Culture-Bringers: Bearers of Enlightenment,” in “Golden Age of the Moor,” ed. Ivan Van Sertima, Journal of African Civilizations 11, 1991.

  DeGuyangos, Pascual, trans. Ahmed Ibn Al–Makkari. New York: Johnson Reprint Corp., 1964.

  Lowney, Chris. A Vanished World: Medieval Spain’s Golden Age of Enlightenment. New York: Free Press, 2005.

  Morgan, Michael H. Lost History: Enduring Legacy of Muslim Scientists, Thinkers, and Artists. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2007.

  Read, Jan. The Moors in Spain and Portugal. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, 1975.

  Ribera, Julian. Music in Ancient Arabia and Spain. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1929; reprint: Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger Publishing, 2007.

  Selim, George Dimitri. “A Gift of Music,” Library of Congress Information Bulletin, Vol. 55, No. 15, 1996.

  Stanley, Lane Poole. The Story of the Moors in Spain. New York: G. P. Putnam’s, 1886.

  Talebzadeh, G. “Zaryâb: A Genius Iranian Musician.” Fravahr.org, 2003.

  Terrasse, Henri. Islam d’Espagne: Une rencontre de l’Orient et de l’Occident [Islamic Spain: A Meeting of East and West]. Paris: Plon, 1958.

  Chapter 2: Cahokia

  Baldwin, J. D. Ancient America. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1871.

  Brinkley, Alan. American History: A Survey Vol. 1. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007.

  Chappell, Sally A. Kitt. Cahokia: Mirror of the Cosmos. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.

  Dalan, Rinita. Envisioning Cahokia: A Landscape Perspective. DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003.

  Denny, Sidney G., and Ernest Lester Schusky. The Ancient Splendor of Prehistoric Cahokia. Prairie Grove, Ark.: Ozark Publishing, 1997.

  Emerson, Thomas E., and R. Barry Lewis. Cahokia and the Hinterlands: Middle Mississippian Cultures of the Midwest. Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1999.

  Foster, J. W. Pre-Historic Races of the United States of America. London: S. C. Griggs and Co., 1887.

  Fowler, Melvin L., and Biloine W. Young, Cahokia: The Great Native American Metropolis. Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois Press. 2000.

  Kroeber, Alfred L. “Native American Population,” American Anthropologist 36, 1934.

  Mann, Charles C. 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. New York: Knopf, 2005.

  Milner, George R. The Cahokian Chiefdom: The Archaeology of a Mississippian Society. Gainsville, Fla.: University Press of Florida, 2006.

  Mink, Claudia G. Cahokia: City of the Sun. Collinsville, Ill.: Cahokia Mounds Museum Society, 1992.

  Pauketat, Timothy. Ancient Cahokia and the Mississippians. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

  Young, Biloine Whiting, Melvin Fowler, et al. Cahokia: The Great Native American Metropolis. Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 2000.

  Chapter 3: Gil Eanes

  Boorstein, Daniel. The Discoverers: A History of Man’s Search to Know His World and Himself. New
York, Random House, 1985.

  Fiske, John. The Discovery of America with Some Accounts of Ancient America and the Spanish Conquest. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1892.

  Helps, Sir Arthur and Peter Russell. Prince Henry the Navigator. Yale University Press, 2001.

  Jeans, Peter D. Seafaring Lore and Legend. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004.

  Thomas, Hugh. The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440–1870. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997.

  Villers, Alan. Men, Ships and the Sea. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 1962.

  Zurara, Gomes Eanes de. Crónica dos Feitos da Guiné [The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea], 1453.

  Chapter 4: Joseph Warren

  Boston Gazette. October 7, 1765.

  Cary, John H. Joseph Warren: Physician, Politician, Patriot. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1961.

  Clay, Oliver. Heroes of the American Revolution. New York: Duffield and Company, 1916.

  Ferling, John. Almost a Miracle: The American Victory in the War of Independence. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

  Frothingham, Richard. Life and Times of Joseph Warren. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1865.

  Hart, Benjamin. Faith and Freedom: The Christian Roots of American Liberty. Carrollton, Tex.: Lewis and Stanley, 1988.

  John Adams Diary 19, 16 December 1772–18 December 1773 [electronic edition], Adams Family Papers: An Electronic Archive, Massachusetts Historical Society, www.masshist.org/digitaladams/.

  Langguth, A. J. Patriots: The Men Who Started the American Revolution. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.

  Meinig, D. W. The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History. Vol. 1: Atlantic America. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1986.

  The Works and Correspondence of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke. Vol. 3. London: Francis and John Rivington, 1852.

  Chapter 5: Outdoing Revere

  Bailey, James Montgomery. History of Danbury, Conn., 1684–1896. New York: Burr Printing House, 1896.

  Case, James R. An Account of Tryon’s Raid on Danbury in April, 1777. Danbury, Conn.: Danbury Printing Co., 1927.

 

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