Frogs

by Aristophanes

  And plays upon the lyre;

  The second plays upon the stage

  With passion and with fire.

  But young Ariphades is much

  1280 The brightest of the three.

  In one respect, at least, he was

  An infant prodigy.

  He taught himself, his father swore,

  To use his tongue with flair.

  For when he goes to brothels he’ll

  Lick all the girls with care.

  [The CHORUS-LEADER now speaks on behalf of the poet.]

  CHORUS-LEADER

  Some people have been saying that since Cleon tanned my hide

  I’ve made a coward’s peace with him and let my wrath subside.125

  They heard me scream blue murder when the dirty deed was done,

  And rolled up in their hundreds – it was their idea of fun.

  They didn’t give a damn for me: they shouted ‘Treat him rough!

  He may say something funny if you squeeze him hard enough.’

  1290 And so I bluffed them for a while, but now it’s time to stop;

  And won’t the vine look foolish when I pull away the prop!

  Scene 2: The same, a few hours later. It is now evening.

  [XANTHIAS enters from the street, rubbing his bruises and complaining.]

  XANTHIAS O happy tortoises, that have so hard a shell! Oh, creatures full of sense! What wisdom to cover your bodies with a plate to shield it from blows! As for me, I’ve been beaten black and blue with that stick.126

  CHORUS-LEADER What is it, child? It’s fair to call you ‘child’, despite your age, if you’ve received a beating.

  XANTHIAS The old man’s been making a terrible nuisance of

  1300 himself: he’s drunker than any of them. And that’s saying something, considering who the others are. There’s Hypillus, Antiphon, Lycon, Lysistratus, Thuphrastus and Phrynichus127 – all that crowd. But he’s worse than anybody. Once he’d got a bit of food and drink inside him, he started leaping about like a young ass after a feed of barley; jumping up and down, laughing and farting. You should have seen him. Then he started knocking me about. ‘Boy! Boy!’ he kept shouting. And Lysistratus saw what was happening and started the comparison game. He told the old man he reminded him of

  1310 a nouveau-riche Phrygian or a donkey let loose in a hayloft. ‘Oh, I do, do I?’ he shouted back. ‘Well, you remind me of a locust when it’s just shed its old wings, or Sthenelus128 shorn of his stage props.’ Well, everyone applauded – except Thuphrastus, who pursed his lips; he fancies himself as a wit. So the old man turns on Thuphrastus: ‘And who are you to give yourself airs, thinking you’re so smart – you who always suck up to the man of the moment?’ And that’s how he went

  1320 on, insulting them all one after the other, making crude jokes and telling crass stories, utterly unsuited to the occasion. Then, when he was properly drunk, he left, knocking down everyone he met on the way home. Here he comes, reeling. I’m going to make myself scarce, before I get pasted again.

  [Shouting is heard offstage, and XANTHIAS hurries into the house as PHILOCLEON staggers into view, still wearing his party garland. He has one arm round a FLUTE-GIRL whom he has abducted from the party. In his other hand he carries a torch to ward off indignant protesters in his wake.]

  PHILOCLEON Stop! Make way! You people chasing after me

  1330 will rue the day! Sod off, you lousy scabs, or I’ll fry the lot of you with this torch!

  REVELLER That’s all very well, but you’ll pay for these youthful pranks tomorrow. We’ll all be round in the morning, and you’ll answer for this in court.

  PHILOCLEON Bah! In court? You old fogies! I can’t even bear to hear the place mentioned. Balls to the voting urn! I prefer

  1340 these [groping the FLUTE-GIRL’s breasts]. Are you still here? Where’s this juryman? Get out of my sight!

  [The REVELLER leaves reluctantly.]

  Come up here, my little cockchafer. Here, grab this bit of rope. Careful, it’s a bit old and tattered, but you’d be surprised how much wear and tear it can stand.129 Did you see how I whisked you away just as you were about to have to suck off the guests? Well, now you can show this old chap

  1350 here your gratitude. But no, you won’t. You’ll let me down. You’ll tease me, just as you’ve left many a man standing. But listen, you be nice to me now, and when my son dies, I’ll buy you your freedom and have you as my mistress. How would you like that, my little beaver? I’ve got the money, it’s just that I’m not allowed to handle it yet – not till I’m a bit older. It’s my son – he watches me like a hawk. He’s a dreadful old

  1360 skinflint, and very stern. You see, I’m his only father. Sh! Here he comes. Looking for us, probably. Quick, take this torch and stand completely still. I’m going to wind him up a bit – like he did to me before I was initiated in the Mysteries.130

  [BDELYCLEON enters. He has been running.]

  BDELYCLEON There you are, you dirty old muff-chaser! What are you doing, trying to screw yourself into the grave? You’ll never get away with this.

  PHILOCLEON I can see you’d like a nice lawsuit dressed in vinaigrette!

  BDELYCLEON It’s no laughing matter, kidnapping a flute-girl.

  1370 PHILOCLEON Flute-girl? What flute-girl? Have you taken leave of your tomb?

  BDELYCLEON Here she is – Dardanis.131

  PHILOCLEON Oh, you mean this – a sacrificial torch from the marketplace.

  BDELYCLEON [prodding the GIRL] A torch, did you say?

  PHILOCLEON Of course. Can’t you tell by the markings?

  BDELYCLEON What’s this dark patch in the middle?

  PHILOCLEON Oh, they leak resin sometimes, when they get hot.

  BDELYCLEON And what’s this bulge at the back? Feels remarkably like an arse to me.

  PHILOCLEON That’s just the shape of the wood.

  BDELYCLEON What rubbish! [To the GIRL] You, come with me!

  PHILOCLEON Here, what are you doing?

  BDELYCLEON Taking her away from you. In any case, I don’t

  1380 think you’d have got anywhere with her; you’re too old for that.

  PHILOCLEON Am I indeed? Well, let me tell you something. Once when I was on a State mission to the Olympic Games, I saw Ephudion fight Ascondas, and – believe you me – the old man fought very well. I’ll never forget the way he drew back his arm, like so, and then, with a telling punch, he floored the young man… like so. [He hits BDELYCLEON.]

  BDELYCLEON [staggering back to his feet] Well, you certainly seem to remember that lesson!

  [Enter a BAKING-WOMAN with an empty tray and a witness in tow, who turns out to be the philosopher CHAEREPHON.132]

  BAKING-WOMAN [to CHAEREPHON] Come here, stand by me, please. [Pointing to PHILOCLEON] There’s the man who

  1390 almost did me in, whacking me with his torch. Ten obols’ worth of loaves he knocked off this tray, plus four more loaves.

  BDELYCLEON You see what you’ve done? More trouble, more fines to pay – all because of your drinking.

  PHILOCLEON Nonsense! This affair can be settled straightaway with little storytelling. Leave her to me, I’ll soon straighten this out.

  BAKING-WOMAN No one’s going to treat me like this and get away with it, I can tell you. I’m a respectable baking-woman. Myrtia, daughter of Ancylion and Sostrate. You’ve destroyed my entire batch.

  PHILOCLEON Listen, old girl, have you, by any chance, heard this story? It’s very amusing.

  1400 BAKING-WOMAN I don’t want to hear it.

  PHILOCLEON One night Aesop was walking home – he’d been out to dinner – when he was barked at by a mouthy, drunken bitch. ‘Look, bitch,’ said Aesop, ‘instead of standing there yapping, why don’t you go and buy some more flour!’

  BAKING-WOMAN On top of everything else, he has the gall to laugh in my face. All right then, whatever your name is, I’m summoning you before the Market Court for damages. Chaerephon here will act as my witness.

&
nbsp; PHILOCLEON No, no, listen to this. I’m sure you’ll see the point

  1410 of this one. Once when Lasus133 found he was competing against Simonides,134 he said: ‘Ha, ha! What do I care?’

  BAKING-WOMAN Did he now?

  PHILOCLEON And as for you, Chaerephon, how can you act as a witness for a woman when you’re as pale as Ino supplicating Euripides?135

  [The BAKING-WOMAN storms off taking CHAEREPHON with her. Next a CITIZEN with a bandaged head enters. He has brought a friend with him to act as witness.]

  BDELYCLEON Here comes somebody else to summon you, by the looks of it. He’s brought a witness too, I see.

  CITIZEN I’m bringing an action against you for assault and battery.

  1420 BDELYCLEON Not assault and battery,136 for heaven’s sake! I’ll gladly pay you whatever you want as compensation.

  PHILOCLEON No, no, I’ll be happy to settle this myself. I admit I hit him, and threw the odd thing. [To the CITIZEN] Come here a minute. Will you leave it to me to decide how much to pay you, so that we can be friends in future? Or would you rather name a sum yourself?

  CITIZEN Let’s hear your offer. I don’t really want the fuss of going to court.

  PHILOCLEON This reminds me of the story of the man from Sybaris who fell out of a chariot, and managed to injure his

  1430 head pretty badly – he wasn’t a very good driver. A friend of his came along and said, ‘A man should stick to his own trade.’ So why don’t you go to Pittalus137 and get yourself seen to?

  BDELYCLEON I might have known you’d do this.

  CITIZEN [to his FRIEND] Take note of what he said.

  [The CITIZEN and FRIEND prepare to go.]

  PHILOCLEON Listen, don’t go. Do you know the one about the woman from Sybaris who broke a jug?

  CITIZEN [to his FRIEND] I call you to witness.

  PHILOCLEON That’s exactly what the jug did. It called a friend to witness, and the woman said, ‘If you spent less time calling

  1440 people to witness and went out and bought a rivet, you’d show more sense.’

  CITIZEN Go on, insult me – until your case comes up in court!

  [The CITIZEN and his FRIEND depart in great indignation.]

  BDELYCLEON I’m not letting you stay here a moment longer, do you understand? I’m going to heave you over my shoulder [he does so] and carry you inside. Otherwise there won’t be any people left to act as witnesses for all these complainants.

  PHILOCLEON [struggling against him] When the… Delphians accused… Aesop…

  BDELYCLEON Never mind Aesop.

  PHILOCLEON… of stealing a sacred cup, he told them the story of the dung-beetle138 that…

  BDELYCLEON [stopping him from speaking] You’ll be the death of me with those dung-beetles… [He carries PHILOCLEON indoors.]

  CHORUS

  1450 At last he has fallen on happier days,

  I envy his lot beyond measure:

  He’s going to exchange his abstemious ways

  For a life of refinement and pleasure.

  It may not be easy at first, I dare say,

  A lifetime’s opinions to smother;

  1460 Yet many men find that they can change their minds

  When truly convinced by another.

  His son, as all right-thinking men will agree,

  Has shown both good sense and devotion;

  His kindness and charm are so touching to see

  That I’m quite overcome with emotion.

  In grooming his sire for a life that is higher

  1470 He has countered each single objection;

  The success that he’s had in defeating his dad

  Is a mark of his filial affection!139

  [XANTHIAS comes out of the house and sits down, exhausted.]

  XANTHIAS Holy Dionysus! You’ve no idea the chaos that’s erupted in this house. The old man just isn’t used to drinking and listening to music like this. He’s in such high spirits, we can’t do anything to stop him. It looks as if he’ll go on dancing all night, at this rate. He’s been giving us ‘Scenes

  1480 from Thespis’140 no less. He says that all the modern dancers are old fogies, and he’s threatening to come out and prove it by competing with them.

  [Shouting, banging and flute-playing are heard within.]

  PHILOCLEON

  What ho! Who sitteth at the outer gate?

  XANTHIAS

  Oh, no, a thing of evil this way comes…

  PHILOCLEON

  Fling wide the portals!141

  [XANTHIAS opens the door and PHILOCLEON leaps out and stands, in the ludicrous costume of a tragic dancer, waiting to begin a dance.]

  Let the dance begin!

  XANTHIAS

  The madness, more like.

  PHILOCLEON

  Now stiffen the sinews…

  And stretch the nostril wide – oh, how I wheeze!

  Bend up the backbone – my god, how it cracks!

  XANTHIAS

  What you need is a dose of hellebore.142

  PHILOCLEON

  1490 Phrynichus cowers like a strutting cock…143

  XANTHIAS

  They’ll stone you.

  PHILOCLEON

  … leg thrown high into the air!

  See how rectum gapes!

  XANTHIAS Be careful there!

  PHILOCLEON

  For now the hip rolls smoothly in its socket.

  Not bad, eh?

  XANTHIAS

  On the contrary, quite mad.

  PHILOCLEON And now for my challenge. If there’s any tragic dancer present who claims to dance well, let him step forward and dance against me. No takers?

  1500 XANTHIAS Only one: that fellow over there.

  [A DANCER costumed as a crab presents himself.]

  PHILOCLEON That forlorn creature – who is he?

  XANTHIAS One of the sons of Carcinus the Crab.144 The middle one.

  PHILOCLEON I’ll swallow him alive. I’ll soon dispatch him with a knuckle dance. [He beats out a rhythm on the crab-dancer’s ‘shell’ with his fist. The DANCER sidles off.] He’s got no rhythm whatsoever!

  XANTHIAS Here comesanother crab-tragedian – his brother.145

  [A larger ‘CRAB’ enters.]

  PHILOCLEON I’ll have myself a sizeable meal. xanthias Crabs, crabs, and yet more crabs – here comes another one of the family.

  [A smaller ‘CRAB’ enters.]

  PHILOCLEON What is this creeping creature? A shrimp? A spider?

  1510 XANTHIAS It’s the tiniest of them all: the Little Nipper.146 He also writes tragedies.

  PHILOCLEON Ah, Carcinus, I congratulate you on a fine brood of twitterers. Well, I must go down and take them on. And, Xanthias, you’d better start preparing a dressing in case I win.

  CHORUS

  Make way, make way! The human tops are all wound up to spin.

  Stand back and make a space for them, and let the show begin!

  [The CHORUS withdraw to the rear of the dancing area. While the SONS OF CARCINUS perform the ‘Dance of the Crabs’, PHILOCLEON executes a solo burlesque and the CHORUS sing the final lyric]

  CHORUS

  Ye sons of him who rules the waves

  And brothers of the prawn,

  1520Come where the barren sea still laves

  The sands where you were born.

  Oh whirl and twist upon the beach,

  Rotate with supple ease;

  Then stand upright and try to reach

  Your stomachs with your knees.

  1530 Now kick straight upwards from the hips

  As Phrynichus might try,

  And draw from each spectator’s lips

  A complimentary sigh.

  But crawling from the ocean deep

  Its Lord, their father, scuttles

  To watch his offspring gambol, leap

  And whirl like spinning shuttles.147

  The time has come to end our play;

  But you dance off before us;

  And this
at least it’s safe to say –

  No comic poet till today

  Has hit on such a clever way

  Of leading off his Chorus.148

  [The CHORUS march out, preceded by the SONS OF CARCINUS, leaving PHILOCLEON to finish his dance and receive applause from the audience.]

  WOMEN AT THE THESMOPHORIA

  PREFACE TO WOMEN AT THE THESMOPHORIA

  The Women at the Thesmophoria (‘Thesmophoriazusae’) was produced in 411 BC, probably at the Dionysia. At the time Athens was still reeling from the disastrous Sicilian expedition, in which almost its entire fleet was destroyed. The city was short of money to rebuild its navy and men to man it; moreover, many of Athens’ allies were threatening revolt. Most Athenians probably felt a Spartan victory looming. In the summer, dissatisfaction with the way the war was being conducted had led to a revolution in which democracy was replaced by an oligarchic regime of four hundred men. This was soon modified to a more moderate rule by five thousand, but it was not until 410 that democracy was restored.

  Despite being written during this period of upheaval and mistrust, Women is the least political of Aristophanes’ surviving plays. This need not surprise us. While Lysistrata (produced at the Lenaea of 411) is on the face of it an anti-war play, its far-fetched plot culminating in a fanciful peace is in fact a prime piece of Old Comic escapism. Both the avoidance of Athens’ political situation in Women and its wishful transformation in Lysistrata suggest that Aristophanes chose to avoid the polemically political stance of many of his earlier plays. Perhaps it was simply too dangerous to be strongly critical at a time when democracy had been abandoned.

  Aristophanes’ preoccupation with Euripides and his controversial, innovative brand of tragedy date back to his early plays. He had presented Euripides on the stage twice (that we know of) before, first in Acharnians and then in (the lost) Preview, and he did so again later in Frogs after the tragedian’s death. While in other plays Euripides is presented solely as a public figure, Women focuses on a personal predicament. The women of Athens, offended by Euripides’ presentation of female characters in his plays, plan to do away with him. This premise is, of course, preposterous: the women of Athens could not, in reality, decide on Euripides’ fate; in addition, their particular grievance with Euripides in the play is undermined in the formal debate, where their indignation is caused as much by his having revealed the truth about them as having maligned them. In any case, while some of Euripides’ earlier plays, such as Medea and Hippolytus, present heroines under the influence of dangerous passions, his recent plays, two of which are parodied extensively in the second half of this comedy, actually present conspicuously virtuous heroines.