Howell, David, 220, 323–4, 331, 418
Howell, Denis, 217
Hua Guo Feng, 390
Huddleston, Bishop (later Archbishop) Trevor, 535
Hume, John, 476
Hungary: MT visits, 506–7, 692–3; liberalization (1989), 683
Hunt, David, 605
Hunt, (Sir) Rex, 345, 356
Hunterston ore terminal (Clyde), 307, 449
Hurd, Douglas (later Baron): joins MT’s Shadow Cabinet, 191; as Northern Ireland Secretary, 471, 476; as Home Secretary, 484; as Foreign Secretary, 542; in ‘A-Team’ for 1987 election, 559; as potential Party leader, 660; at Rome European Council, 667; orders freezing of Kuwaiti assets in Britain, 698; in Cabinet sub-committee on Gulf War, 702, 704–5, 712; proposes MT’s nomination in 1990 leadership contest, 718; and 1990 Party leadership contest, 722, 725, 727, 729–30; as candidate in 1990 leadership election, 724, 734, 737; and MT’s resignation, 732–3
Hussein, King of Jordan: opposes Palestinians and Syrians, 122; supports Britain in Falklands crisis, 347; MT visits, 530–1; peace initiative, 533; on Iraqi attack on Kuwait, 697, 701, 703
I’m All Right Jack (film), 298, 667
Ibbs, Robin, 275
immigration: Enoch Powell and, 92–4, 222; Conservative policy on, 102; MT on problems of, 222–4; and riots, 327
In Place of Strife (Labour White Paper on union reforms), 102, 127
incomes policy: Conservatives’ differences on, 77, 94–6, 120, 228–30; Labour’s, 84, 90, 188, 228, 232; under Heath, 138–41, 145; Keith Joseph attacks, 158; Conservatives propose voluntary system, 185; MT’s strategy on, 186–8, 222, 229–30, 242, 264; and trade union power, 220, 397; and industrial output, 299; and wage increases (1988), 604
Independence, USS, 428
Independent Television (ITV), 244
India: IMF loan to, 337; relations with Soviet Union, 338
Indian Civil Service, 19
Industrial Relations Act (1971): Carr and, 124, 127; and unemployment, 133; and 1972 miners’ strike, 134–6; destroyed, 138–9; calls for repeal, 146–7; Howe on, 186
industry: low productivity, 298–300; investment in 1980s, 612
Industry and Regional Development (White Paper), 137
INF Treaty (1987), 672–4, 681
inflation: in 1960s, 76, 85; effect on jobs, 132; under Heath, 139, 184; Keith Joseph on destructiveness, 158; causes, 184–5; MT’s policy on, 184, 187, 277, 633; falls (1978), 224; and prices, 264; increases (1979), 268; discussed at Tokyo G7 meeting, 284; kept low in Germany, 300; stands at 11–12 percent (1981), 332; Lawson proposes commitment to zero figure, 563; rises under Lawson, 617–18, 639, 642 & n, 645; as monetary phenomenon, 627, 629; and ERM, 632; falls after entry into ERM, 651
Ingham, Bernard: at Paris CSCE 1990 summit, 721; as MT’s press secretary, 257; on MT’s economic strategy, 319; on Heseltine’s bid for Party leadership, 714; and MT’s decision to resign, 732
Institute of Economic Affairs, 157
Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM), 513
Inter-Governmental Conference (IGC of European Community), 552–3, 642, 659, 663–4, 669
interest rates: increased, 317, 332, 630, 634–5, 639–40, 644n; MT’s policy on, 632–3, 638–9, 710; reduced after sterling entry into ERM, 651
International Monetary Fund: grants credit to Britain (1975–6), 192, 195–6, 224; loan to India, 337; MT advocates control by UN, 337
International Transport Workers’ Federation, 304
Invincible, HMS, 344–5, 360, 375
Iran: seizes US hostages, 284, 293, 295, 704; war with Iraq, 296–7, 525; releases hostages, 334
‘Irangate’ affair (USA), 672
Iranian Embassy, London: terrorist attack and siege, 195–6
Iraq: war with Iran, 296–7, 525; attacks Kuwait, 697–700, 703, 705; international actions against, 700, 703
Ireland, Republic of: co-operation on security, 279, 360, 470–1, 478–9; presidency of EC, 290, 664; attitude in Falklands dispute, 352, 373; NUM lodges money in, 455; and IRA in Northern Ireland, 462–3, 468–70; discussions and agreements on Northern Ireland, 467–74, 476; amends constitution on unity with North, 471; Northern terrorists cross into, 479
Irish Commission for Justice and Peace (ICJP), 468
Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), 239, 470
Irish Republican Army (IRA): murders McWhirter, 217; terrorism and violence, 278, 280, 464, 468–71, 477–82; bombs Brighton hotel (1984), 458–62, 472; defeat of, 462; and prison hunger strikes, 466–7, 466–8; arms supplies to, 477
Iron and Steel Trades Confederation (ISTC), 304, 307, 309
Israel: attacks Lebanon, 426; dispute with Arabs, 525, 529; and Palestinian rights, 530; MT visits, 531–3; prospective action against Iraq, 704–5
Italy: attitude in Falklands dispute, 352; and defence strategy, 396; hosts informal and formal Councils (1990), 666–7; on EMU, 667
Jaguar (car company), 497
Jamaica: and Grenada coup, 427–8
James Inquiry (into teacher training), 152
Jankowski, Father, 679
Japan: attacks Pearl Harbor, 27; atombombed, 41–2; MT visits for G7 meeting, 283–5; attitude in Falklands dispute, 352, 377–8; role in Far East, 524
Jaruzelski, General Wojciech, 386–7, 676–80, 683
Jauch, Dr, 21
Jay, Peter, 212
Jayewardene, Junius Richard, 537
Jellicoe, George, 2nd Earl, 125
Jenkin, Patrick, 331, 597–8
Jenkins, Roy (later Baron), 132, 200, 292
Jenkins, (Sir) Simon, 719
Jerusalem, 531–2
Jews: persecuted by Nazis, 21–3; in Finchley, 66–7, 531; on MT’s staff, 531; see also antisemitism
John Brown Engineering, 388
John Paul II, Pope, 213, 467, 677
Johnson, Nevil, 197
Johnson, Paul, 248
Jones, Colonel H., 376
Jones, Michael, 718
Jopling, Michael, 261, 330, 407, 509, 718–19
Jordan: MT visits, 530, 533; supports Iraq over attack on Kuwait, 702–3
Joseph, Helen, Lady, 165
Joseph, Sir Keith (later Baron): compiles reading list for MT, 41; supports MT at Finchley, 66; supervizes MT’s Private Member’s’ Bill, 74; appointed in 1962 reshuffle, 82; favours Heath as leader, 88–9; friendship with MT, 88, 92, 126, 156; and race relations, 93; proposed for Department of Education, 100; and educational policy, 106; in Social Services Department, 111, 124; on learning from mistakes, 120; and industrial development, 137; favours free market, 143; opposes Heath’s policies, 150; advocates monetarism, 151–2; heads Centre for Policy Studies, 156–7, 159, 177, 181; qualities, 156; speeches, 156–9, 162–3, 193; policy proposals, 157–8; as potential Party leader, 162, 165; and MT’s Shadow Cabinet appointments, 175, 177; on Conservative policies, 184–5; and trade union reform, 186, 219, 221, 232, 304; opposes wage freezes, 187; co-drafts The Right Approach, 193; delivers Stockton Lecture, 194; on pay policy, 229, 232; and John Hoskyns, 231; and election manifesto (1979), 240; in 1979 election campaign, 246, 248; appointed Industry Secretary, 261; and British Steel Corporation wages, 307–8; and British Leyland’s difficulties, 310–13; on reducing public expenditure, 321; moves to Education Department, 331; idealism, 422; economic principles, 484; leaves Cabinet, 557; and choice in education, 570; and privatization of British Telecom, 621; Monetarism is not Enough (Stockton Lecture), 194
Jouvenal, Bertrand de, 40
Jumblatt, Walid, 427
juvenile delinquency, 589
Kaberry, Donald, 62–3
Kádár, János, 506–7
Karmal, Babrak, 294
Kaunda, Kenneth, 287–8, 451, 536, 539–40
Kay, Miss (chemistry teacher), 14
Keays, Bill, 245
Keays, Sara, 421–2
Kendall, Denis, 23, 27, 36
Kennedy, John F., 77–8, 536
Kent National Union of Mi
ners, 442
Kesteven and Grantham Girls’ School (KGGS), 6, 14
Keyes, Bill, 309
Keynes, John Maynard, Baron, 285
KGGS see Kesteven and Grantham Girls’ School, 5
Khalid, Leila, 122
Khrushchev, Nikita S., 77, 506
Kinchin-Smith, Michael, 38
King, John Leonard, Baron, 621
King, Tom: in 1983 election campaign, 411; as Employment Minister, 422; and miners’ strike (1984), 442, 455; as Northern Ireland Secretary, 475–6, 480, 484; and local government financing, 597; as Defence Secretary, 661, 695; in Cabinet subcommittee on Gulf War, 702, 705; on equipment and troops for Gulf War, 704–5; suggests MT stand down after 1990 leadership election, 731
Kinnock, Glenys (later Lady), 566
Kinnock, Neil (later Baron): attacks MT over Falklands War, 415; as Leader of Labour Party, 448; and miners’ strike (1984), 448; speaks at TUC Conference (1984), 450; condemns violence, 452; in debate on Westland affair, 495–6; on Labour’s defence policy, 565; television coverage in 1987 election campaign, 566; MT mocks in Commons, 711, 715; speech in 1990 No Confidence Debate, 734
Kipling, Rudyard, 13–14, 30, 120
Kirkpatrick, Jeane, 377
Kissinger, Henry, 202–3, 208
Kitson, Tim, 149, 170, 172, 176
Klaus, Václav, 693
Kohl, Helmut: MT meets at Anglo-German summit (1983), 433; denies support to US in air attack on Libya, 501; MT meets before Moscow visit to Gorbachev, 519; and South Africa, 544; and British claims for EC rebate, 548; and MT’s ideas for EC, 551; and EC changes, 554; MT meets at G7 Toronto meeting, 652; proposes EC Central Bank, 653; at Strasbourg European Council (1989), 663; at Dublin Council (1990), 665; on setting deadlines for IGC and EMU, 667; on Soviet borders, 669; and NATO defence policy, 675, 681–2; on arms control, 681; on German reunification, 686–90; visits Moscow (1990), 690; discusses MT’s leadership election at 1990 CSCE Paris summit, 720–1
Kollek, Teddy, 532
Korean airliner crisis (1983), 423–4, 504
Krebs, Richard (‘Jan Valtin’): Out of the Night, 23
Kuala Lumpur: Commonwealth Heads meeting (1989), 541–2, 646
Kuwait, 671, 697, 702–5
labour: costs and productivity, 299; improvements (1980s), 613
Labour Club, Oxford, 40
‘Labour Isn’t Working’ poster, 226
Labour Party: and rearmament, 21; election victory (1945), 27, 36–8; election victory (1950), 52; and widows’ earnings rule, 81; election victory (1964), 86; landslide election victory (1966), 89; National Plan (1965), 90; relations with trade unions, 90, 227–8, 400; taxation policy, 102; opposes Industrial Relations Bill (1970–1), 127–8; and EC entry, 130; success in February 1974 election, 147, 150; wins October 1974 election, 161; loan from IMF, 192; spending cuts, 193; loses overall majority (1977), 196; divided over Scottish devolution, 198; and Liberal alliance, 198–9, 215–16, 225; and Grunwick dispute, 218; and Conservative advertising campaign, 226–7; broken by 1978–9 strikes, 227; Conference votes to reject wage restraints, 227; pay policy, 228, 232; and strikes of winter 1978–9, 231; and trade union reform, 234–5, 240; and devolution, 237; 1979 election campaign and defeat, 243–5, 250, 252–4; differences over Falklands dispute, 365; leftward shift under Foot, 394, 413; unilateralism, 395; election manifesto (1983), 408; 1983 election campaign and defeat, 411–16; Censure Motion on miners’ strike (1984), 447; Kinnock succeeds to leadership, 448; Conference backs NUM in 1984 strike, 452; in 1987 election campaign, 562; defence policy, 565–7; tax plans in 1987 election, 565; on European elections (1989), 658; leads in opinion polls (1987), 557; (1990), 711, 714
Lambsdorff, Count Otto von, 284
Lamont, Norman (later Baron), 660, 726, 731, 736
Lancaster House, London: Constitutional Conference (on Rhodesia), 288, 290
LANCE (weapons system), 681–3, 694
Land Rover, 313, 497–8
Landsbergis, Vytautas, 691
Latham, Michael, 151
Lawley, Sue, 412
Lawson, Nigel (later Baron): and housing, 151; financial imprudence, 300; as Chancellor, 420, 483, 615–17, 630; builds up coal stocks, 437; and miners’ strike (1984), 442; and Westland affair, 487, 490; and British Leyland, 498; and Hong Kong currency crisis, 527; in ‘A-Team’ for 1987 election, 559–60, 562–3, 565; proposes commitment to zero inflation, 563; opposes proposed NHS reforms, 582–3; opposed to community charge, 600–2; on scrutiny of community charge legislation, 611; shadows deutschmark, 612, 618, 629, 635–6, 641; tax reforms, 615; budgets, 616–17, 630; and privatization of gas and electricity, 622–4; monetary policy, 627; policy on exchange rate, 627, 630–4, 636–8, 641–2; on Economic and Monetary Union, 629, 640, 642–3, 646; differences with MT, 630–3, 635–8, 640–2, 644–5; increases interest rate, 634–5, 639; connives with Howe against MT, 637, 642–3; favours entry into ERM, 637–8, 641–3, 648, 658; proposes independence for Bank of England, 639; resigns as Chancellor, 640, 646–7, 662; uninterested in Party leadership, 660; and Howe’s move from Foreign Office, 662
Lawton, Frederick, 58
Lázár, Gyorgy, 507
Leach, Sir Henry, 344
Lebanon: US in, 423, 425–7, 431–2; British contingent in, 426–7; Israel attacks, 426; French air strikes in, 432; MT discusses with Mitterrand, 434
Lee of Fareham, Arthur Hamilton, Viscount, 266
Left Book Club, 23
Leggatt, Andrew, 303
Leigh, Edward, 732
Leigh-Pemberton, Robin, 640
Lennox-Boyd, Sir Mark, 709
Levene, Peter, 486
Lever, Harold, Baron, 151, 165, 309
Lewin, Sir Terence (later Baron), 350, 352, 368
Lewis, Clive Staples, 33
Liberal Party: strength in Finchley, 66–7, 85; Heath seeks alliance after February 1974 election, 147–8; pact with Labour, 198–9, 215–16, 225; favours early election (1979), 237; joins with SDP, 332, 393; policies, 394; wins Eastbourne by-election (1990), 711
Libya: gives support to National Union of Mineworkers, 453; arms supplies to IRA, 477, 480; owns share of Fiat, 492; and Palestinian terrorists, 499; US attacks on, 499–503, 557
Lilley, Peter, 724, 726, 729, 736
Lithuania, 665, 691
Liverpool: docks, 138; riots (1981), 326–7
Lloyd, Selwyn (later Baron), 77
Lloyd George, David, 1st Earl, 266
local government: and press exclusion, 73–4; and education, 100, 106–7, 116, 565, 571, 575; reforms, 125, 418; spending reduced, 318; financing and community charge, 595–9, 604, 611; and extension of franchise, 598; election results (1990), 608–9; general capping, 608–10
Local Government Act (1988), 601
Local Health Funds (LHFs), 581
Lockhart, Robert Bruce: Guns or Butter, 23
Lockheed company, 128–5
London: IRA terrorism in, 468–9, 471, 479, 481
Longmore, Sir Arthur, 27
López-Portillo, José, 336, 365
Louis, J.J., Jnr, 429
Louvre Accord, 634, 680
Lowe, John, 49
Lubbers, Ruud, 653, 668, 721
Luce, Richard, 343, 428
Lusaka see Commonwealth Conferences
Luxembourg: European Council meeting in (1985), 292, 554–5; NUM lodges money in, 455
Lyford Cay, Bahamas, 536
Lygo, Sir Raymond, 494
Lynch, Jack, 279
Lyons, J. (company), 49
McAlpine, Alistair, 180–1, 201, 460, 481, 560, 719
McFarlane, Bud, 515
McGibbon, Mrs (Kent miner’s wife), 451
MacGregor, Ian: as Chairman of NCB, 438; differences with Peter Walker, 438; announces cuts in coal industry, 439–40; knocked down, 439–40; negotiates with NUM, 444, 450; and treatment of working miners and families, 456
MacGregor, John: chairs Manifesto Committee (1987), 561; as Education Secretary, 574, 661, 714
; succeeds Howe as Leader of the House, 714; and 1990 Party leadership contest, 723, 725–6, 731; and MT’s resignation, 733
Machel, Samora, 288, 535
Maclean, Sir Fitzroy, 212–13
McLean, Muriel, 461
Macleod, Iain: supports MT at Finchley, 66; speaks at new MPs’ dining club, 76; as Shadow Chancellor, 89–91, 164; praises MT, 91; qualities, 92–3; opposes immigration restrictions, 93; opposes Open University, 110; death, 111, 123–5
Macmillan, Harold (later 1st Earl of Stockton): as Chancellor of Exchequer, 60; succeeds Eden as Prime Minister, 61–2; speaks at new MPs’ dining club, 76, 78; offers post in Pensions and National Insurance to MT, 78; favours entry into Europe, 82–3; resigns, 84; warns against Party shift to right, 183; calls for Government of National Unity, 194–5; on Prime Ministers’ time for reading, 267; offers support in Falklands crisis, 349; Polaris agreement with Kennedy, 536
Margaret Thatcher: The Autobiography Page 101
