The Noonday Demon

by Solomon, Andrew

Sanchez, C., et al. “The role of serotonergic mechanisms in inhibition of isolation-induced aggression in male mice.” Psychopharmacology 110, no. 1–2 (1993): 53–59.

  Sandfort, T. G., et al. “Same-Sex Sexual Behavior and Psychiatric Disorders: Findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS).” Archives of General Psychiatry 58, no. 1 (2001): 85–91.

  Sands, James R., et al. “Psychotic Unipolar Depression at Follow-Up: Factors Related to Psychosis in the Affective Disorders.” American Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 7 (1994): 995–1000.

  Sapolsky, Robert. “Stress in the Wild.” Scientific American 262, no. 1 (1990): 116–23.

  ———. “Social subordinance as a marker of hypercortisolism: Some unexpected subtleties.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 771 (1995): 626–39.

  Sapolsky, Robert, et al. “Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates.” Journal of Neuroscience 10, no. 9 (1990): 2897–902.

  Sartre, Jean-Paul. Being and Nothingness. Trans. Hazel E. Barnes. New York: Washington Square Press, 1966.

  ———. Nausea. Trans. Lloyd Alexander. New York: New Directions, 1964.

  Satel, Sally L. “Mentally Ill or Just Feeling Sad?” New York Times, December 15, 1999.

  Savage, George H. Insanity and Allied Neuroses: Practical and Clinical. Philadelphia: Henry C. Lea’s Son & Co., 1884.

  Schaffer, Carrie Ellen, et al. “Frontal and Parietal Electroencephalogram Asymmetry in Depressed and Nondepressed Subjects.” Biological Psychiatry 18, no. 7 (1983): 753–62.

  Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von. “On the Essence of Human Freedom.” Saemmtliche Werke. Vol. 7. Stuttgart: Cotta, 1856–61.

  Schiesari, Juliana. The Gendering of Melancholy. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1992.

  Schildkraut, J. J. “The Catecholamine Hypothesis of Affective Disorders: A Review of Supporting Evidence.” American Journal of Psychiatry 122 (1965): 509–22.

  Schleiner, Winfried. Melancholy, Genius, and Utopia in the Renaissance. Wiesbaden: In Kommission bei Otto Harrassowitz, 1991.

  Schopenhauer, Arthur. Complete Essays of Schopenhauer. Trans. T. Baily Sanders. New York: Willey Book Co., 1942.

  ———. Essays and Aphorisms. Ed./trans. R. J. Hollingdale. London: Penguin Books, 1970.

  ———. The Works of Schopenhauer. Ed. Will Durant. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1931.

  ———. The World as Will and Representation. Vol 2. Trans. E. F. J. Payne. New York: Dover Publications, 1958.

  Schrambling, Regina. “Attention Supermarket Shoppers!” Food and Wine, October 1995.

  Schrof, Joannie M., and Stacey Schultz. “Melancholy Nation.” U.S. News & World Report, March 8, 1999, 56–63.

  Schuckit, Marc. “A Long-Term Study of Sons of Alcoholics.” Alcohol Health & Research World 19, no. 3 (1995): 172–75.

  ———. “Response to Alcohol in Daughters of Alcoholics: A Pilot Study and a Comparison with Sons of Alcoholics.” Alcohol & Alcoholism 35, no. 3 (1999): 242–48.

  Scott, Sarah. “Workplace Secrets.” MacLean’s, December 1, 1997.

  Screech, M. A. Montaigne & Melancholy. London: Gerald Duckworth, 1983.

  Scull, Andrew. Social Order/Mental Disorder: Anglo-American Psychiatry in Historical Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.

  Searle, John. R. “Consciousness.” Manuscript.

  Segal, Boris, and Jacqueline Stewart. “Substance Use and Abuse in Adolescence: An Overview.” Child Psychiatry and Human Development 26, no. 4 (1996): 193–210.

  Seligman, Martin. Learned Optimism. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990.

  Shaffer, D., et al. “Sexual Orientation in Adolescents Who Commit Suicide.” Suicide and Life Threatening Behaviors 25, suppl. 4 (1995): 64–71.

  ———. “The NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3 (DISC-2.3): Description, acceptability, prevalence rates, and performance in the MECA Study. Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders Study.” Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 35, no. 7 (1996): 865–77.

  Shakespeare, William. The Complete Works. Ed. G. B. Harrison. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968.

  ———. Hamlet. New York: Penguin Books, 1987.

  Shaw, Fiona. Composing Myself. South Royalton, Vt.: Steerforth Press, 1998.

  Sheehan, Susan. Is There No Place on Earth for Me? New York: Vintage Books, 1982.

  Shelley, Percy Bysshe. The Complete Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley. New York: Modern Library, 1994.

  Shem, Samuel. Mount Misery. New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1997.

  Sherrington, C. S. The Integrative Action of the Nervous System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1947.

  Shiromani, P., et al. “Acetylcholine and the regulation of REM sleep.” Annual Review of Pharmacological Toxicology 27 (1987): 137–56.

  Shneidman, Edwin S., ed. Essays in Self-Destruction. New York: Science House, 1967.

  ———. The Suicidal Mind. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

  Shorter, Edward. A History of Psychiatry: From the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

  Showalter, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830–1980. New York: Pantheon Books, 1985.

  Shute, Nancy, et al. “The Perils of Pills.” U.S. News & World Report, March 6, 2000.

  Sickels, Eleanor M. The Gloomy Egoist: Moods and Themes of Melancholy from Gray to Keats. New York: Columbia University Press, 1932.

  Silver, Cheryl Simon, with Ruth S. DeFries, for the National Academy of Sciences. One Earth, One Future: Our Changing Global Environment. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1990.

  Simmons, William S. Eyes of the Night: Witchcraft among a Senegalese People. Boston: Little, Brown, 1971.

  Simon, Bennett. Mind and Madness in Ancient Greece: The Classical Roots of Modern Psychiatry. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1980.

  Simon, Linda. Genuine Reality: A Life of William James. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1998.

  Simpson, Jeffry A., and W. Steven Rholes, eds. Attachment Theory and Close Relationships. New York: Guilford Press, 1998.

  Skultans, Vieda. English Madness: Ideas on Insanity, 1580–1890. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979.

  Sloman, Leon, et. al. “Adaptive Function of Depression: Psychotherapeutic Implications.” American Journal of Psychotherapy 48, no.3 (1994).

  Smith, C. U. M. “Evolutionary Biology and Psychiatry.” British Journal of Psychiatry 162 (1993): 149–53.

  Smith, Jeffery. Where the Roots Reach for Water. New York: North Point Press, 1999.

  Smith, K., et al. “Relapse of Depression After Rapid Depletion of Tryptophan.” Lancet 349 (1997): 915–19.

  Snow, C. P. The Light and the Dark. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1962.

  Soares, J., and John Mann. “The functional neuroanatomy of mood disorders.” Journal of Psychiatric Research 31 (1997): 393–432.

  Solomon, Jolie. “Breaking the Silence.” Newsweek, May 20, 1996.

  Sontag, Susan. Under the Sign of Saturn. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1980.

  The Sorrow Is in My Heart . . . Sixteen Asian Women Speak about Depression. London: Commission for Racial Equality, 1993.

  Spinoza, Baruch. The Ethics of Spinoza. New York: Citadel Press, 1995.

  Spitz, Herman H. The Raising of Intelligence. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1986.

  Spitz, René. “Anaclitic Depression.” Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 2 (1946).

  Spitz, René, et al. “Anaclitic Depression in an Infant Raised in an Institution.” Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 4, no. 4 (1965): 545–53.

  Spungen, Deborah. And I Don’t Want to Live This Life. New York: Ballantine Books, 1993.

  Stabler, Sally P. “Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly: Current dilemmas.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66 (1997): 741–49.


  Starobinski, Jean. La Mélancolie au miroir. Conférences, essais et leçons du Collège de France. Paris: Julliard, 1989.

  Stefan, Susan. “Preventative Commitment: The Concept and Its Pitfalls.” MPDLR 11, no. 4 (1987): 288–302.

  Stepansky, Paul E., ed. Freud: Appraisals and Reappraisals. 3 vols. Hillsdale, N.J.: Analytic Press, 1988.

  Sterne, Laurence. The Life and Opinions of Tristam Shandy. New York: Penguin Books, 1967.

  Stevens, Anthony, and John Price. Evolutionary Psychiatry: A New Beginning. London and New York: Routledge, 1996.

  Stone, Gene. “Magic Fingers.” New York, May 9, 1994.

  Stone, Michael H. Healing the Mind: A History of Psychiatry from Antiquity to the Present. New York: Norton, 1997.

  Storr, Anthony. Churchill’s Black Dog, Kafka’s Mice, and Other Phenomena of the Human Mind. New York: Grove Press, 1988.

  Strupp, Hans, and Suzanne Hadley. “Specific vs. nonspecific factors in psychotherapy: A controlled study of outcome.” Archives of General Psychiatry 36, no.10 (1979): 1125–36.

  Styron, William. Darkness Visible: A Memoir of Madness. London: Jonathan Cape, 1991.

  Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. “House Appropriations Subcommittee Hearings.” February 11, 1999.

  Sullivan, Mark D., et al. “Depression, Competence, and the Right to Refuse Lifesaving Medical Treatment.” American Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 7 (1994): 971–78.

  Summers, Montague, ed. The Malleus Maleficarum. New York: Dover Publications, 1971.

  Sutherland, Stuart. Breakdown. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

  Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver’s Travels. New York: Dover Publications, 1996.

  Szasz, Thomas. The Second Sin. New York: Anchor Press, 1973.

  ———. Primary Values and Major Contentions. Ed. Richard Vatz and Lee Weinberg. New York: Prometheus Books, 1992.

  ———. Cruel Compassion. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1994.

  Talbot, Margaret. “Attachment Theory: The Ultimate Experiment.” New York Times Magazine, May 24, 1998.

  Tan, Shawn. “Little Boy Blue.” Brave (final edition), 1999.

  Tannon, Deborah. You Just Don’t Understand. New York: Ballantine Books, 1990.

  Taylor, Shelley E. Positive Illusions. New York: Basic Books, 1989.

  Taylor, Steve. Durkheim and the Study of Suicide. London: Macmillan Press, 1982.

  Taylor, Steven, et al. “Anxiety Sensitivity and Depression: How Are They Related?” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 105, no. 3 (1996): 474–79.

  Taylor, Verta. Rock-A-By Baby: Feminism, Self-Help, and Postpartum Depression. New York: Routledge, 1996.

  Tennyson, Alfred Lord. Tennyson’s Poetry. Ed. Robert Hill, Jr. New York: W. W. Norton, 1971.

  Thakore, Jogin, and David John. “Prescriptions of Antidepressants by General Practitioners: Recommendations by FHSAs and Health Boards.” British Journal of General Practice 46 (1996): 363–64.

  Thase, Michael. “Treatment of Alcoholism Comorbid with Depression.” Presentation at University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine.

  Thompson, Tracy. The Beast. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1995.

  Thomson, James. The City of Dreadful Night. Edinburgh: Canongate Press, 1993.

  Thorne, Julia. A Change of Heart. New York: HarperPerennial, 1996.

  Thorne, Julia, et al. You Are Not Alone. New York: HarperPerennial, 1993.

  Tiller, William A. Science and Human Transformation. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Pavior Publishers, 1997.

  Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. Trans. George Lawrence. New York: HarperCollins, 1988.

  Todorov, Tzvetan. The Conquest of America: The Question of the Other. Trans. Richard Howard. New York: Harper & Row, 1984.

  Tolley, Barbara. “The Languages of Melancholy in Le Philosophe Anglais.” Dissertation.

  Tolstoy, Leo. Anna Karenina. Trans. Rosemary Edmonds. London: Penguin Books, 1978.

  Tomarken, A. J., et al. “Psychometric properties of resting anterior EEG asymmetry: Temporal stability and internal consistency.” Psychophysiology 29 (1992): 576–92.

  Torrey, E. Fuller. Nowhere to Go. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.

  Torrey, E. Fuller, and Mary Zdanowicz. “We need to ask again: Why do severely mentally ill go untreated?” Boston Globe, August 1, 1998.

  ———. “Why Deinstitutionalization Turned Deadly.” Wall Street Journal, August 4, 1998.

  Treisman, Glenn. “Psychiatric care of HIV-infected patients in the HIV-specialty clinic.” Manuscript.

  Triggs, W. J., et al. “Effects of left frontal transcranial magnetic stimulation on depressed mood, cognition, and corticomotor threshold.” Biological Psychiatry 45, no. 11 (1999): 1440–46.

  Tsuang, Ming T., and Stephen V. Faraone. The Genetics of Mood Disorders. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.

  Turner, J. J. D., and A. C. Parrott. “ ‘Is MDMA a Human Neurotoxin?’: Diverse Views from the Discussants.” Neuropsychobiology 42 (2000): 42–48.

  United States House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and Means. Green Book. 1998.

  Valenstein, Elliot S. Great and Desperate Cures. New York: Basic Books, 1986.

  van Bemmel, A. L. “The link between sleep and depression: The effects of antidepressants on EEG sleep.” Journal of Psychosomatic Research 42, no. 6 (1997): 555–64.

  Van der Post, Laurens. The Night of the New Moon. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1970.

  Vartanian, Aram. La Mettrie’s L’Homme Machine. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1960.

  Vasari, Giorgio. Lives of the Artists. 2 vols. London: Penguin Books, 1987.

  Venter, Craig J., et al. “The Sequence of the Human Genome.” Science 291, no. 5507 (2001): 1304–51.

  Vicari, Eleanor Patricia. The View from Minerva’s Tower: Learning and Imagination in “The Anatomy of Melancholy.” Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989.

  Virkkunen, M., et al. “Personality Profiles and State Aggressiveness in Finnish Alcoholics, Violent Offenders, Fire Setters, and Healthy Volunteers.” Archives of General Psychiatry 51 (1994): 28–33.

  Volk, S. A., et al. “Can response to partial sleep deprivation in depressed patients be predicted by regional changes of cerebral blood flow?” Psychiatry Research 75, no. 2 (1997): 67–74.

  Volkow, Nora, et al. “Cerebral Blood Flow in Chronic Cocaine Users: A Study with Positron Emission Tomography.” British Journal of Psychiatry 152 (1988): 641–48.

  ———. “Effects of Chronic Cocaine Abuse on Postsynaptic Dopamine Receptors.” American Journal of Psychiatry 147 (1990): 719–24.

  ———. “Brain Imaging of an Alcoholic with MRI, SPECT, and PET.” American Journal of Physiological Imaging 3/4 (1992): 194–98.

  ———. “Long-Term Frontal Brain Metabolic Changes in Cocaine Abusers.” Synapse 11 (1992): 182–90.

  ———. “Imaging Brain Structure and Function.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 820 (1997): 41–56.

  ———. “Imaging studies on the role of dopamine in cocaine reinforcement and addiction in humans.” Journal of Psychopharmacology 13, no. 4 (1999): 337–45.

  ———. “Addiction, a Disease of Compulsion and Drive: Involvement of the Orbitofrontal Cortex.” Cerebral Cortex 10 (2000): 318–25.

  Voltaire. Candide. Trans. John Butt. New York: Penguin Books, 1947.

  Waal, Frans de. Good Natured. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996.

  Waddington, John, and Peter Buckley, eds. The Neurodevelopmental Basis of Schizophrenia. London: R. G. Landes, 1996.

  Walker, C. E., and M. C. Roberts, eds. Handbook of Clinical Child Psychology. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1992.

  Watson, Paul J., and Paul W. Andrews. “An Evolutionary Theory of Unipolar Depression as an Adaptation for Overcoming Constraints of the Social Niche.” Manuscript.

  ———. “Niche Change Model of Depression.” ASCAP 11, no. 5 (1998): 17–18.

  ———. “Unipolar depr
ession and human social life: An evolutionary analysis. Manuscript.

  Wehr, Thomas A. “Phase Advance of the Circadian Sleep-Wake Cycle as an Antidepressant.” Science 206 (1979): 711–13.

  ———. “Sleep Reduction as the Final Common Pathway in the Genesis of Mania.” American Journal of Psychiatry 144, no. 2 (1987): 201–4.