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Index
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Adams, John, 5, 28
Adams, John Quincy, 30, 41, 103–4
Adams, Richard, 108n, 283, 283n, 688
Alcott, Louisa May, xxxvi–xxxvii
Alexander, Edward Porter, 570, 585, 590, 591, 595, 596, 659–60
Alexander, Sir Harold, 574n
Alexandria Academy, 23
Alexandria Gazette, 231
American North: abolitionism, xxvi, xxxvii, xxxviii–xxxix, xl, 180, 193, 212; acrimony toward South over slave states, 180; Battle of Fredericksburg, impact of, 504; freed blacks in, 28; industrialization of, 44; John Brown as martyr in, xxxvi–xxxvix; Lee’s first journey to, 27–28; post-war fears about Lee, 684, 688; Sam Houston on, 217; Southern view of, 287; superior numbers and industrial power, 615
American South: blacks as omnipresent in, 27–28; expectations about war’s duration, 235; Federal occupation of, 678; freed slaves in, 680; fury in battle and, 42; idealization of, 287; lack of manufacturing, 521, 613; lack of preparedness for war, 235; Lee as symbol of defeated Confederacy, 674; Lee family’s identification with, 44; North’s response to John Brown’s death and, xl; post-war deprivations, 674, 678, 683; railway system, 615; Reconstruction, 686–87; secession and, xl–xli, 211–12; slave rebellions, fear of, xxvi, 64–65; slavery and economy of, 46, 65; slavery as an institution and way of life, 218; slave states and, 180, 181; southern nationalism, 218; state patriotism and, 1; virtues admired by, xxxiii–xxxiv. See also Confederate States of America
Anderson, Charles, 222–23
Anderson, G. T., 430n
Anderson, Joseph Reid, 278
Anderson, Richard H., 311, 479, 551, 554, 654
Anderson, Robert, 220, 226
Antietam (Sharpsburg), Battle of, 141, 330, 423, 475–85; approach to Sharpsburg (diagram), 466; Battle, September 17, 1862 (diagram), 476; “Bloody Lane,” 483; “Burnside’s Bridge,” 477; casualties, 481, 482, 483, 484; Confederate forces, size of, 478; disadvantages of topography, 475, 477; Federal forces, size of, 478; Lee and, 159, 475–85, 487–88; Lee’s retreat to Sharpsburg and, 474; Lee withdraws, 485; Longstreet and, 472, 473; officers killed, 483; Robert E. Lee, Jr. at, 159, 487–88; Stuart’s horse artillery, 478
Appomattox, 34, 647, 649, 650–70; final battle at, 658; Grant on, 163n; Grant’s terms of surrender, 655, 666–68, 677; Lee as item of curiosity following, 671–72; Lee-Grant exchange of letters, 651, 652–53, 655–56, 657, 661–63; Longstreet and, 651, 652, 653, 655, 658; McLean home and, 663, 664, 669n
Arlington House, Alexandria, VA, xxiii; Christmas at, 171; confiscated by U.S. government, 613, 613n; as Custis family home, 38, 46, 52, 70, 171; death of Lee’s father-in-law and, xvi; George Washington and, xxiii, 22–23, 47, 56–57; grandeur of, 38, 47–48, 52, 77, 199n; as iconic, 56, 77, 77n; Lee’s departure from, 232, 238; as Lee’s home, 6, 38, 47–48, 56–57, 76–78, 80, 166, 187, 198, 201–2, 224; Lee’s loss of, 77n, 84n; Lee’s recovery of household items from, 684; Markie Carter at, 605; Mary Lee and children at, 67, 70–72, 76, 90, 92, 99, 102; Mary Lee’s packing of belongings and moving from, 239–41; occupation by Federal troops, 6, 231, 241, 260, 288, 317, 415; removal of Washington memorabilia, 240, 240n; repairs to, 209, 212; size of, 63; slaves of, 204, 240, 241, 260; William Fitzhugh’s sister Mary and, 19
Armistead, Lewis, 390, 391, 392, 598–99; Lines of advance, Gettysburg, July 1, 1862 and, 388; Mexican War and, 154
Army of Northern Virginia, 298n; barefoot soldiers, 463, 497, 497n, 642; Chancellorsville as Pyrrhic victory, 519; as Confederacy’s largest army, 528; defeated army, retreat to Virginia (1863), 603–4; disbanding of, 673; division into three corps, 526, 528, 534; division into two wings, 405–6, 491; exhaustion of, 463; final battle and surrender at Appomattox, 651–70; food shortages, 454–55, 459, 461, 463, 505, 506, 609, 642; Grant’s plan to wear down, 612; illness in, 505; Lee rallying the troops, 363; Lee’s command of, 34, 35, 159, 255, 326, 334, 349, 391, 609 (see also specific battles); Lee’s farewell addr
ess, 672; Lee’s strategy and, 330; “living off the country” and need to keep moving, 404, 455, 461, 525, 532–33, 539, 546, 562; losses after Antietam, 485; loyalty to Lee, 363; Malvern Hill as the most terrible battle of, 392–93; map of positions at Battle of Fredericksburg, 495; Maryland campaign, 460–86; mystic bond with Lee, 391; Northern Virginia campaign, 413–58; poor and destitute condition of, 463, 499, 609, 612–13, 642, 649, 672; rebuilding of after Gettysburg, 610–11; recruitment of troops, 614; restoration of, 528; shifting westward of, 409; size of, 464–65, 492, 658, 614; stragglers and deserters, 342, 463, 464, 465n, 481–82, 614, 637, 642, 643, 652; Stuart’s cavalry division, 528, 534; supply concerns, 400, 455, 463, 485, 491, 503–4, 532, 537; two month break, 490–91; weaponry, 528; winter campaign and lack of supplies, 497–98; winter of 1863–1864, 612–13; winter quarters, 504. See also Antietam (Sharpsburg), Battle of; Bull Run (Manassas), Second Battle of; specific battles; specific campaigns
“Army of Northern Virginia” (Benét), 282, 283, 283n
Army of the Potomac, 141, 258, 292, 343–95; advances on Richmond, 313, 493; Battle of Gettysburg and, 542–43; Burnside replaces McClellan, 492; Burnside’s divisions of, 497; field artillery, 385, 385n; good food and sanitation in, 462; Hooker replaces Burnside, 504; Lee’s plan to annihilate at Beaver Dam Creek, 338–39; Lee’s plan to annihilate at White Oak Swamp Creek, 379–80, 380n, 381, 384; loyalty to McClellan, 462–63; major crisis in, 374; McClelland’s tight command of, 391; McClellan replaces Pope, assumes full command, 460–61; Meade replaces Hooker, 541, 544, 617n; Peninsula Campaign, 304–9, 313–15, 321–22, 332, 335; peninsula landing of, 305; size of, 301, 465, 492, 493, 528; weaponry, 528; winter quarters, 504. See also specific battles; specific campaigns
Army of Virginia, 398
Arnold, Matthew, 620
Arthur, Chester A., 440n
Atlanta, GA: burning of, 331, 637–38; Hood and evacuation of, 637, 638
Austin, Moses, 104
Babcock, Orville E., 663, 664
Babcock, Samuel, 49, 51, 52, 53
Badeau, Adam, 620
Baltimore, MD, 15, 166–67, 169; Fort Carroll construction, 166–67, 171–72, 173
Baltimore American, xxxv
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, xxvii, 299, 535; John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry and, xx, xxi, xxvi, xxviii; Lee’s destruction of, 468; Lee’s first encounter with a railroad and, 89