Dr. William H. Pancoast’s Anatomy Dissection Laboratory. By unknown photographer. Courtesy of Thomas Jefferson University, Archives & Special Collections, Philadelphia.
CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX
Encysted tumor from the shoulder. Original donation by Dr. Mütter. Mütter Museum Collection (6512). The image of this object is used by kind permission of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Photograph by Evi Numen. Copyright 2014 by The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Used by permission.
Wet specimen of tumor extracted from the scalp. Original donation by Dr. Mütter. Mütter Museum Collection (6535.05). The image of this object is used by kind permission of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Photograph by Evi Numen. Copyright 2014 by The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Used by permission.
Humerus, hypertrophic ostitis. Infectious right humerus. This specimen is a complete right humerus with a possible fracture at the distal epiphysis. The distal epiphysis, just above the trochlea shows signs of osteomyelitis and necrosis. There are also signs of periostitis. Donor: Dr. Mütter. Mütter Museum Collection (1269.32). The image of this object is used by kind permission of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Photograph by Evi Numen. Copyright 2014 by The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Used by permission.
CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN
Portrait of Thomas Dent Mütter. Hand-tinted engraving by unknown artist. Mütter Museum Archives, The College of Physicians of Philadelphia (P998). The image of this object is used by kind permission of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Copyright 2014 by The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Used by permission.
Portrait of Joseph Pancoast. Artist Unknown. Courtesy of Thomas Jefferson University, Archives & Special Collections, Philadelphia.
Photograph of the Mütter Museum from the turn of the century. Mütter Museum Archives, The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. The image of this object is used by kind permission of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Copyright 2014 by The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Used by permission.
Early photograph of the Mütter Museum. Mütter Museum Archives, The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. The image of this object is used by kind permission of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Copyright 2014 by The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Used by permission.
John Hill Brinton, M.D. (1832–1907). Photograph by Frederick Gutekunst, ca 1880–1890. Courtesy of Thomas Jefferson University, Archives & Special Collections, Philadelphia.
Current Photograph of the Mütter Museum, taken from lower level. This image is used by kind permission of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Photograph by Evi Numen. Copyright 2014 by The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Used by permission.
Current Photograph of the Mütter Museum, taken from upper level. This image is used by kind permission of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Photograph by Evi Numen. Copyright 2014 by The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Used by permission.
Portrait of Thomas Dent Mütter painted by Daniel Huntington, oil on canvas (donor and date of donation unknown) in situ at the Mütter Museum. The College of Physicians of Philadelphia (Portrait Catalog PA89). This image is used by kind permission of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Photograph by Evi Numen. Copyright 2014 by The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Used by permission.
ENDPAPERS
Early photograph of the Mütter Museum. Mütter Museum Archives, The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. The image of this object is used by kind permission of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Copyright 2014 by The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Used by permission.
INDEX
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.
Note: Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations
—A—
Abolition of slavery, 243–249
Abortion, 130–135
Advertisements, 233
African Americans, 244–249, 273
Alcoholism, 121, 124–125
Alsop, Mary, 161, 172, 284–286, 298
Ambition, 24
Ambulance system, 271–272
American Anti-Slavery Society, 245–246
American Dental Association, 207
American flag, 241
American Journal of Pharmacy, 267
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 155, 205
American Medical Association, 215, 254–255
American Surgery: An Illustrated History (Rutkow), 311
Amputations, 81, 168, 183–184, 201, 268
Amussat, Jean Zuléma, 117
Anatomical specimens, 86–87, 211, 279. See also Mütter Museum
Anderson, Dr., 61
Anesthesia. See also Ether anesthesia
chloroform, 204–205
lack of, 31
medical community’s early opposition to, 189–194, 204–207
nitrous oxide, 177–179
The Annalist, 189
Appendicitis, 31
Army, Union, 271–272, 273
Army Medical Museum, 300
Aryan race, 247
Aseptic technique, 103–104, 168–169, 206, 276. See also Cleanliness and hygiene
Atkinson, William Henry, 206–207
Autobiography of Samuel D. Gross (Gross), 311
—B—
Bache, Aglae, 79
Bache, Charles Meigs, 79
Bache, Franklin, 79–80, 161, 166, 167
Barnum, P. T., 198
Barton, William, 76
Beazley, Robert Sanford, 274–275
Beddoes, Dr., 114
Bigelow, Henry J., 183–184, 206
Birth control, 129
Bloodletting, 165
Boardinghouses, 123
Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 31–32, 184
Boston Society for Medical Improvement, 257
Bragg, Braxton, 273
Breast tumors, 220–221
Brinton, John H., 272, 273, 300–301
Bristol-Myers Squibb, 268
The British and Foreign Medical Review, 167–168
Brown, John, 270
Bunker, Chang and Eng, 303
Burke, William, 113–114
Burns, 19, 139–145, 149–155, 167–168, 202
Burns, Dr., 144
—C—
Cadaver dissection, 15
Calhoun, John C., 172
Cancer, 117, 220–221
Carey, Lea & Blanchard, 26
Carter, Robert “King,” 38
Carter, Robert Wormelely, 11, 37–44, 248, 286–287
Cataract surgery, 81
Celsus, Aulus Cornelius, 237
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 312
Charge to the Graduates of Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia (Mütter), 6, 24, 48, 56, 68, 84, 108, 128, 138, 158, 182, 196, 226, 234, 242
Charity, 128
Chauncey, Henry, 131–135
Childbed fever, 255–261
Childbirth, 192–193, 255–261
Child labor, 125–126
Children
burn victims, 154
orphans, 14
Paris hospitals for, 14
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 216, 269
Chloroform, 204–205
Cholera, 26, 104, 253–254
The Cholera Gazette, 26
Civil War, 270–274, 275, 296
Cleanliness and hygiene
and germ theory of disease, 98, 254, 256–257, 260–261
; Goodell’s practices, 276
Leasure’s Civil War practices, 273–274
medical community’s lack of consensus on, 104, 168–169
Meigs’s views, 103–104
Mütter’s practices, 95, 103, 237, 260
surgical mortality due to lack of, 206
Cleft palates, 21, 62–65, 202
Clinical instruction, 94–99, 199–204, 265
Clothing, 139–140
Clubfoot, 201
Coleman, Robert T., 272
College of Physicians, 283–284, 285, 287, 298–299
Collins Line, 227
Committee on Surgery of the American Medical Association, 206
Conception, 130, 131
Confederacy, 272–273
Conservative vs. radical surgery, 219–221
Consumption, 253, 254
Cook, Dr., 144
Courage, 234
Crimean War, 275
Currier, Nathaniel, Drunkard’s Progress, 121
Cutaneous horn (Madame Dimanche), 7, 9, 22, 301, 312
—D—
Davy, Humphrey, 178
Death
under anesthesia, 189, 204, 206
common causes of in Philadelphia (1800s), 25–26, 253–254
Mütter’s, 1–2, 287, 298
of patients during surgery, 17, 202, 204, 206
of women during childbirth, 129
Deformed patients. See “Monsters”
Dentistry, 177–178
Dickey, Nathaniel, 62–65
Dimanche, Madame, 7, 9, 22, 301, 312
Discretion, 196
Dissection, 275
Douglass, Frederick, 245
Drugs and medicine, 31, 50, 267–268
Drunkard’s Progress (Currier), 121
Dunglison, Richard J., 266
Dunglison, Robley, 77, 78, 266
Dupuytren, Guillaume, 18, 21, 95, 230, 281
Dyottville Glass Works, 125
Dysentery, 253, 254
— E —
École Pratique d’Anatomie, 15
Edinburgh quizzing system, 89
Education. See Medical education
Effects of Chloroform and of Strong Chloric Ether as Narcotic Agents (Warren), 204–205
An Elementary Treatise on Midwifery, or Principles of Tokology and Embryology (Meigs), 18–19, 164
Elephantiasis, 202
Ely Building, 86
Embryology, 164
E. R. Squibb & Sons, 268
Ether anesthesia
deaths from, 189, 204
first textbook mentioning, 189–190
history of, 175, 179, 183–185
medical community’s early opposition to, 189–194, 204–207
Mütter’s use and support of, 181, 185, 196–199, 207, 217–218
Squibb’s contributions, 267–268
tools, 187, 267–268
Europe, trips to, 222–224, 268–269, 284–286. See also Paris
The Evening Bulletin, 123
Eyebrow surgery, 81
—F—
Factories, 125–126
Fairmount Dam, 235
Fairmount Water Works, 235
Farkas, Julius, 303
Fashion, 12–13, 36, 39, 40–41, 105, 213
Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, 216–217
Females. See Women
Females and Their Diseases, a Series of Letters to His Class (Meigs), 164, 295
Finlay, Carlos Juan, 269, 270
Firefighting, 124
First Continental Congress, 235
Foard, Andrew Jackson, 272–273
Food, 105
Food and Drug Administration, 268
Forbes, William S., 275
France, Mütter’s last trip to, 284–286. See also Paris
Franklin, Benjamin, 79
—G—
Gage, Phineas, 274–275
Genetic basis for race, 247, 248
Gentleman, 68
Germ theory of disease, 98, 254, 256–257, 260–261
Gibson, Patrick, 36–37, 38
Gibson, William, 59–60
Gillies, Frances, 29–30
Gillies, James, 43
Gillies family, 26–27
Goddard, Charles, 40
Gonorrhea, 260
Goodell, William, 276
Gout, 211, 214, 286
Grant, Ulysses S., 272
The Greater Journey (McCullough), 311
Gross, Samuel D., 191, 281, 284, 300, 311
Gynecology and obstetrics
ether anesthesia use, 192–193
leeching, 159–160
Liston’s hygienic surgical practices, 169
Meigs’s lectures, 69–70, 77–78, 102–103
Meigs’s practice, 69–71, 132–133
in Paris, 14
woman posed for treatment, 67
—H—
Hampden-Sydney College, 40–41
Harlow, John Martyn, 274–275
Harpers Ferry, 270
Harris, Thomas, 46, 57, 61
Harvard University, 173, 177–178, 261, 274–275
Helvétius, 238
Historical Medical Library, College of the Physicians of Philadelphia, 311
The History, Pathology, and Treatment of Puerperal Fever (Meigs), 258–259
Hodge, Hugh Lenox, 259
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Sr., 256–261
Honesty, 226, 228–229
Hôpital de la Maternité, 14
Hôpital de la Pitié, 18
Hôpital des Enfants-Malades, 14
Hôpital des Enfants-Trouvés, 14
Hôpital du Midi, 13
Hôpital Lourcine, 13
Hôtel Dieu Guillaume Dupuytren, 18, 21, 159
Howard Hospital and Infirmary for Incurables, 216
Huston, Robert, 78–79, 85
Hygienic practices. See Cleanliness and hygiene
—I—
Imperforate anus, 117
Industrialization, 125–126
Industriousness, 84
Infected District, 123
Infectious diseases. See also specific diseases
germ theory, 98, 254, 256–257, 260–261
Holmes’s contributions, 256–261
medical community’s lack of consensus on, 31
Meigs’s beliefs, 104, 254–256, 258–259, 261
in Philadelphia, 25–26, 253–254
prevention of, 256–257
Innovation, 118
Integrity, 138
—J—
Jackson, Andrew, 11, 172
Jackson, Charles Thomas, 179
Jackson, Samuel, 46, 61
Jackson, Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall,” 272
Jefferson, Thomas, 78
Jefferson Medical College, 55, 200, 263
advertisements, 233
American flag of, 241
anatomical museum, 282–283
apolitical stance on slavery debate, 248
buildings, 86–87, 170, 172
enrollment, 112, 159, 170
faculty, 76–82, 85, 104, 233, 300–301
founding of, 51–53, 59, 93
grieving period for President Jackson, 172
hospital opening for year-round care, 199–200
Meigs’s resignation, 295–296
Mütter’s achievements at, 266
Mütter’s election to chair of surgery, 82
Mütter’s resignation, 276–277
ouster of McClellan, 75–77
“The Pit,” 91, 170, 172, 312
&
nbsp; recovery rooms, 96–97, 159–160
renovations (1846), 200
students, 1, 83, 87–90
surgical lectures, 15–17, 61–65, 87–90, 91
teaching hospital proposal, 97–99
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine rivalry, 59–60
Jefferson Medical College clinic, 94–99, 199–204, 265
—K—
The Kensington (ship), 11–12
Koch, Robert, 260
—L—
Labor (childbirth), 192–193
Lancet, 165
Larson, Erik, 313
Laudanum, 31, 286
Laughing gas, 177–179
Leasure, Daniel, 273–274
Lectures on the Operations of Surgery (Liston and Mütter), 168–170, 171
Leeching, 159, 165
Leland, Charles Godfrey, 161
Les opérations plastiques, 20–21
Letheon, 183–184
Letterman, Jonathan, 271–272
Levis, Richard J., 1–3, 292–293
Lewis, Francis West, 268–269, 272
Lewis, John, 40
Lincoln, Abraham, 271
Lisfranc, Jacques, 18
Liston, Robert, 168–170, 171, 227
Llangollen School, 40
Lohman, Ann Trow, 130–131
London, 2, 218, 222–223, 235, 269
Long, Crawford W., 185
—M—
Madame Dimanche, 7, 9, 22, 301, 312
Madison, James, 78
Malaria, 253
Matchstick factories, 126
McClellan, George, 51–53, 59–60, 75–76, 93, 271, 312
McCullough, David, 311
The Medical and Surgical Reporter, 2–3, 291–292
Medical education. See also Jefferson Medical College; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
courses of study, 49
crises in, 58–59
Mütter on, 6
Mütter’s teaching style and ability, 57, 88–90, 94–99, 236–239
in Paris, 10, 13, 18–22
Medical Examiner, 189, 217–218
Medical News, 285
Medical societies, 215–216
Medicine
in early 1800s, 30–32
Mütter’s philosophies, 117–119
standardization, 215–216
Meigs, Charles Delucena, 71, 251
anesthesia opposition, 190–194
birth and childhood of, 162–164
death of, 297
disagreements with Mütter, 102–104
Eliza Sowers trial testimony, 132–133, 135
Dr. Mutter's Marvels Page 36
