Gertrude Stein (Critical Lives)

by Lucy Daniel

  13 Stein, Selected Writings, p. 17.

  14 Catharine R. Stimpson, ‘Gertrude Stein and the Lesbian Lie’, in Margo Culley, ed., American Women’s Autobiography: Fea(s)ts of Memory (Madison, WI, 1992), pp. 156; 161.

  15 Ibid., p. 153.

  16 Ibid., p. 153.

  17 Stein, Selected Writings, p. 189.

  18 Ibid., pp. 203–4.

  19 Hapgood to Hemingway, 27 May 1937, quoted in Hutchins Hapgood, A Victorian in the Modern World (New York, 1939), p. 535. Hapgood remembers how Stein ‘talked to me for a long time about how impossible it was for a Jewish woman to marry a Gentile’, remarking on what he saw as Stein’s intense Jewishness.

  20 Quoted in Linda Simon, The Biography of Alice B. Toklas (London, 1991 ), p. 152.

  21 Quoted in Hobhouse, Everybody Who Was Anybody, p. 167.

  22 James R. Mellow, Charmed Circle: Gertrude Stein and Company (New York, 1974), p. 356.

  23 Donald Sutherland, ‘The Pleasures of Gertrude Stein’, The New York Review of Books, XXI/9 (30 May 1974), pp. 28–9.

  24 Georges Braque, Eugene Jolas, Maria Jolas, Henri Matisse, Andre Salmon, Tristan Tzara, Testimony Against Gertrude Stein (The Hague, 1935 ), p. 2.

  25 Stein, Everybody’s Autobiography, p. 68.

  26 Stein, Selected Writings, p. 83.

  27 Stein, Everybody’s Autobiography, p. 116.

  28 Schmitz, Of Huck and Alice, p. 204.

  29 See Mellow, Charmed Circle, p. 371.

  30 ‘I lost my personality’, she said in ‘And Now’ [1934], in How Writing Is Written, vol. II of the Previously Uncollected Writings of Gertrude Stein (Los Angeles, CA, 1974), p. 63.

  31 Flanner, introduction to Stein, Two, p. xvi.

  32 Gertrude Stein, ‘A Transatlantic Interview’, in A Primer for the Gradual Understanding of Gertrude Stein, ed. Robert Bartlett Haas (Los Angeles, ca, 1971), p. 19.

  33 Ibid., p. xvii.

  34 Hobhouse, Everybody Who Was Anybody, p. 163.

  35 See Richard Bridgman, Gertrude Stein in Pieces (New York, 1970), pp. 213–17.

  36 Gertrude Stein, Stanzas in Meditation (New Haven, CT, 1956), p. 92.

  37 Ibid., p. 283.

  38 Stein, Everybody’s Autobiography, p. 68.

  39 Stimpson discusses this doubleness in ‘Gertrude Stein and the Lesbian Lie’, p. 152. As Stimpson notes, it depends on the predisposition of the reader which of these Steins is seen as the ‘good’ Stein and which is seen as the ‘bad’ Stein.

  40 Mellow, Charmed Circle, p. 369.

  41 Linda Wagner-Martin, ‘Favored Strangers’: Gertrude Stein and Her Family (New Brunswick, NJ, 1995), p. 209.

  42 Alice B. Toklas, What is Remembered (London, 1989), p. 154.

  43 Quoted in Wagner-Martin, ‘Favored Strangers’, p. 209.

  44 Mellow, Charmed Circle, p. 407.

  45 Bennett Cerf, At Random (New York, 1977), p. 103.

  46 Ibid, p. 102.

  47 Stein, Everybody’s Autobiography, p. 129.

  48 Kirk Curnutt, ed., The Critical Response to Gertrude Stein (Westport, CT, 2000), p. 4.

  49 Richard Bridgman, Gertrude Stein in Pieces (New York, 1970), p. 14.

  50 Schmitz, Of Huck and Alice, p. 224.

  51 Quoted in Simon, The Biography of Alice B. Toklas, p. 202.

  52 Gertrude Stein, Lectures in America (New York, 1935), p. 34.

  53 Ibid., p. 203.

  54 Thornton Wilder, introduction to Gertrude Stein, Four in America (New Haven, CT, 1947), p. vi.

  55 Cerf, At Random, p. 102.

  56 Isaac Goldberg, ‘A Stein on the Table’, Panorama, April 1934.

  57 Curnutt, The Critical Response to Gertrude Stein.

  58 Toklas, What Is Remembered, p. 161.

  59 Stein, Everybody’s Autobiography, p. 3.

  60 Ibid., p. 115.

  61 Bridgman, Gertrude Stein in Pieces, p. 287.

  62 Stein, Lectures in America, pp. 215; 220.

  63 Stein, Selected Writings, pp. 198–9.

  64 Bridgman, Gertrude Stein in Pieces, p. 245.

  65 Gertrude Stein, The Geographical History of America (Baltimore, MD, 1995 ), p. 235.

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  1 Gertrude Stein, ‘The Winner Loses’, in Selected Writings of Gertrude Stein (New York, 1972), p. 623.

  2 James R. Mellow, Charmed Circle: Gertrude Stein and Company (New York, 1974), p. 440.

  3 Stein, Selected Writings, p. 637.

  4 Mellow, Charmed Circle, p. 451.

  5 Alice B. Toklas, The Alice B. Toklas Cookbook (New York, 1960), p. 227.

  6 Gertrude Stein, Wars I Have Seen (London, 1945), pp. 31–2.

  7 Ibid., p. 32.

  8 Mellow, Charmed Circle, p. 456.

  9 See Edward Burns and Ulla E. Dydo, Appendix IX: ‘Gertrude Stein: September 1942 to September 1944’, in The Letters of Gertrude Stein and Thornton Wilder, ed. Edward Burns and Ulla E. Dydo (New Haven, CT, 1996), pp. 401–21.

  10 Janet Malcolm, Two Lives: Gertrude and Alice (New Haven, CT, 2007), p. 99.

  11 Stein, Wars I Have Seen, p.56.

  12 Malcolm, Two Lives, p. 52.

  13 Stein, Wars I Have Seen, p. 32.

  14 Quoted in Mellow, Charmed Circle, p. 456.

  15 Cecil Beaton, Photo biography (London, 1951), p. 122.

  16 Quoted in Richard Bridgman, Gertrude Stein in Pieces (New York, 1970 ), p. 335.

  17 Maria Damon defends Stein from these charges, in a subtle contextualizing essay on Stein’s attitude to Judaism, ‘Gertrude Stein’s Jewishness, Jewish Social Scientists, and the “Jewish Question”’, Modern Fiction Studies, XLII/3 (1996), pp. 489–506.

  18 Gertrude Stein, Paris France (London, 1995), p. 38.

  19 Burns and Dydo, ‘Gertrude Stein’, p. 417.

  20 See Linda Wagner-Martin, ‘Favored Strangers’: Gertrude Stein and Her Family (New Brunswick, NJ, 1995), p. 251.

  21 Gertrude Stein, Mrs Reynolds and Five Earlier Novelettes (New Haven, CT, 1953), p. 267.

  22 Stein, Wars I Have Seen, p. 161

  23 Janet Hobhouse, Everybody Who Was Anybody: A Biography of Gertrude Stein (London, 1975), p. 226.

  24 Beaton, Photobiography, p. 122.

  25 Bennett Cerf, At Random (New York, 1977), pp. 107–8.

  26 Gertrude Stein, Brewsie and Willie (London, 1988), pp. 82–3.

  27 Ibid., pp. 113–4.

  28 Gertrude Stein, ‘The New Hope in Our “Sad Young Men”’, in How Writing Is Written, vol. II of the Previously Uncollected Writings of Gertrude Stein (Los Angeles, 1974), p. 145.

  29 Alice B. Toklas, What Is Remembered (London, 1963), p. 186.

  30 Janet Flanner, introduction to Gertrude Stein, Two: Gertrude Stein and Her Brother, and Other Early Portraits (New Haven, CT, 1951), p. x.

  31 Time, 15 November 1934, quoted in Richard Bridgman, Gertrude Stein in Pieces, p. 340.

  32 Quoted in Linda Simon, The Biography of Alice B. Toklas (London, 1991), p. 210.

  33 Catharine R. Stimpson, ‘Humanism and its Freaks’, Boundary 2, XII/3 (1984 ), p. 304.

  34 Edmund Wilson, Axel’s Castle (New York, 1931), p. 253.

  35 Quoted in Wagner-Martin, ‘Favored Strangers’, p. 261.

  36 Hobhouse, Everybody Who Was Anybody, p. 93.

  37 Catharine R. Stimpson summarized Stein’s posthumous reputation (as it stood in 1984) in ‘Humanism and Its Freaks’.

  38 Gertrude Stein, The Geographical History of America (Baltimore, MD, 1995 ), p. 210.

  39 Quoted in Mellow, Charmed Circle, p. 371.

  40 Stein, Selected Writings, p. 203.

  41 Shari Benstock, Women of the Left Bank: Paris 1900–1940 (London, 1987 ), p. 161.

  42 Flanner, introduction to Gertrude Stein, Two, p. xvii.

  43 Gertrude Stein, Paris France: Personal Recollections (London, 1940), p. 21.

  44 Gertrude Stein, Matisse Picasso and Gertrude Stein (Paris, 1933), p. 13.

  45 Gertrude Stein, Useful Knowledge (New York, 1929), p. 111.

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  Lucy Daniel, Gertrude Stein (Critical Lives)