Tyrannosaurus Sue-- The Extraordinary Saga of the Largest, Most Fought Over T. Rex Ever Found
Page 35
ferently than had the Justice D e p a r t m e n t . As it happened, this was the
day his post-prison probation ended.
He knew she would not be a pile of bones when he saw her in all her
glory. She would be Sue again. "I h o p e they'll let me touch her," he said
2 3 5
2 3 6 TYRANNOSAURUS S U E
before leaving. "I think we'll have another talk and see how she's doing
after all this time. I'm sure I'll cry."
Shortly after the federal government seized Sue, Native American
G e m m a Lockhart wrote in a column for the Rapid City Journal:
T h e intersection of scientific thought and Lakota belief can
bring a strange kind of light to the controversy over Sue. From
my view, that dinosaur has a strength and life of her own. So far
she has been a great provider of stories a n d lessons.
To the tribe w h o lost her, and to all tribes w h o watched and
listened, something has been learned. This time the federal gov-
e r n m e n t has seized stone bones, next time it might be minerals
or water.
The Black Hills Institute and the people of Hill City stand
in disbelief. They are researchers and scientists, they are law-
abiding citizens a n d good people, and they too have lost her.
T h e U.S. attorney is a m a n of good character. He stands
steadfast. He knows he is in the right regarding federal law and
power.
In the m e a n t i m e something m u c h greater than h u m a n
action and reaction is happening here. Exactly what that is may
not be for us to k n o w or say.
But I have a feeling that the 65-million-year-old dinosaur is
going somewhere. Her "discovery," her b o n e sale, and the ensu-
ing seizure and legal battles are just part of a gift to us—her
story and her tale—the things that must happen for her to find
her way h o m e somewhere.
"You're h o m e , Sue," Peter Larson would say when he saw her.
"You're finally home."
I N D E X
Able, Ed, 226, 227
Asbury, William, 52, 87, 112,
Abruzzo, James, 227
129,135, 164, 165
Adelstein, Stan, 209
Atlantosaurus montanus, 96
Agassiz, Louis, 92, 99
Allosaurus, 97
Babbitt, Bruce, 127
Alvarez, Luis, 51
Bakker, Robert, 3-4, 6, 9, 16, 30,
Alvarez, Walter, 51
39, 4 8 - 4 9 , 5 1 , 5 9 , 7 5 - 7 8 ,
Amber, 8-9
84, 140, 143,216,
American M u s e u m of Natural
219-220, 229, 2 3 1 , 2 3 5
History, 6, 10, 14, 17, 209,
Banks, Ron, 165-166
221
Barstow, David, 226
Anderson, David, 178
Battey, Richard
Andrews, Roy C h a p m a n , 215
civil proceedings and, 52, 66,
Antiquities Act, 5 7 - 5 8 , 59, 63,
6 9 - 7 1 , 7 4 - 7 6 , 86, 88, 100,
79,104, 105-106, 130
104-106, 116-119, 127,
Apatosaurus, 96, 98
129, 150
Archaeological Resources
criminal proceedings and, 152,
Protection Act, 79, 8 2 - 8 3
157-159, 162, 164, 173,
Archaeopteryx lithographica, 37,
177, 180-184, 188-191
4 7 - 4 8
Baucus, Max, 8 2 - 8 3 , 84
Archer, LaNice, 186-187
Beam, C. Arlen, 159, 160
Armani, Giorgio, 226
Bear Ribs, E m m a , 175
Arnold, Wesley, 175-176
Beche, H e n r y T h o m a s de la, 23
2 3 7
2 3 8
TYRANNOSAURUS S U E
Beshears, Ron, 59
Bourland, Gregg, 43, 57, 59, 61,
Birds, links with dinosaurs,
6 2 , 1 1 9
3 6 - 3 7 , 4 8 - 4 9 , 223
Brachiosaurus, Riggs', 197-198,
Black Hills Institute of
228
Geological Research, 6, 11
Branch Davidians, 146
academics and, 60, 75
Breining, Greg, 138, 139, 140
accessibility to researchers,
Brochu, Chris, 219, 220,
3 7 - 3 8 , 60, 68, 75, 78
223-224, 229
exhibits Sue, 3 7 - 3 8
Brontosaurus, 198
expeditions of, 13-14
Brookes, Richard, 20
finances of, 13-15
Brooklyn M u s e u m of Art,
fossil purchases of, 5 4 - 5 5 , 63,
226-227
8 7 - 8 8
Brooks, Diana (Dede), 3, 206,
m u s e u m clients of, 14,
209, 210
144^146, 169, 170-171,
Brown, Barnum, 17-19, 24-25,
182,187
197
ownership claim of, 6 6 - 6 7 , 69,
Browne, Malcolm, 60, 83
8 6 - 8 9 , 9 9 - 1 0 8 , 114-120,
Bryant, Laurie, 144
146, 150-152, 153, 159
Buckland, William, 31-32
search of, 111-112, 135-136
Bureau of Indian Affairs, 193
seeks t e m p o r a r y custody of
Burge, D o n , 142
Sue, 6 9 - 7 9 , 8 5 - 8 9 ,
B u r n h a m , David, 111
99-100
Society of Vertebrate
Camarasaurus, 96
Paleontology (SVP) and,
Campbell, Lee, 166-167, 170, 174
37, 6 7 - 6 8 , 7 4 - 7 5
Cardiff Giant, 93-94
subpoenaing of, 7 1 , 1 1 1 - 1 1 2
Carmody, Casey, 73, 101
Black Hills Minerals, 6, 11
Carpenter, Ken, 29, 38
Black Hills M u s e u m of Natural
Castro, Fidel, 72
History, 27, 4 1 - 4 2 ,
Cheyenne River Sioux, 179
133-134
FBI seizure and, 57, 59, 6 1 - 6 2 ,
opening of, 78
76
Block, Judy, 199,210
ownership claim of, 1, 43, 44,
Boeing Company, skull CT scan
8 6 , 1 0 1 , 108, 130-132, 153
and, 222
Chicoinne, Bob, 113, 158, 186,
Bonehunters' Revenge, The
192
(David Rains Wallace), 98
Churcher, C. S., 6 7 - 6 8 , 74
I N D E X
2 3 9
Clidastes torto, 124
links with birds, 3 6 - 3 7 , 4 8 - 4 9 ,
Clinton, Bill, 101, 112, 128, 163,
223
202
as w a r m - b l o o d e d animals,
Colbath, Gary, 73-74, 112, 152
4 8 - 4 9
Cole, Ava, 146
Disney Corporation, 201,
Cole, Eddie, 87, 146,165, 168
2 1 0 - 2 1 2 , 2 1 6 , 2 1 9 ,
Commercial fossil hunting,
225-227
80-85
D o n n a n , Kristin, 133, 193, 208
Complete T. Rex (Jack H o r n e r ) ,
Draper, Charles, 52, 54, 88, 135
1 1 , 5 1 , 198
Duck-billed dinosaur
Cope, Edwin Drinker, 83, 220
(Edmontosaurus
feud with Marsh, 8 9 - 9 9
annectens), 12-13
Sternberg and, 123-127
fossils of, 13-14, 125-127
Corporate sponsorship, 200-205,
Duffy, Patrick, 43, 53, 56, 57, 62,
2 1 0 - 2 1 2 , 2 1 6 , 224-227
64, 232
Crane,
Peter, 3, 207,209, 210, 218
background of, 112-113
Cretaceous period, 12, 17
criminal prosecution and, 135,
Crocodiles, 39
145-146, 149, 152-153,
Currie, Philip, 18, 38, 59, 235
157-159, 163-164, 167,
Custer, George Armstrong, 109,
168, 184, 185-186,
124
189-192,232. See also
Cuvier, Georges, 32, 66
Larson, Peter, criminal
prosecution of
Daly, Jack, 2 0 0 - 2 0 4 , 2 2 4 , 225
custody claims and, 69, 70, 7 1 ,
Darwin, Charles, 9, 3 6 - 3 7
77, 79, 88, 100, 106
Daschle, Tom, 59
grand j u r y deliberations and,
Deinodon horridus, 35, 83
111,146
Derflinger, Casey, 134
ownership claims and, 106,
Detrich, Alan, 121, 122, 215, 231
113-119, 128, 130-131
Dinosaur Hunters (David A. E.
Spalding), 20
Earthwatch, 213, 214
Dinosaur Hunters, The (Robert
Edmontosauras annectens, 12-13
Plate), 9 1 , 109
fossils of, 13-14, 125-127
Dinosaurs
Elasmosaurus, 90, 95
age of, 12
Elliott, Timothy S., 129-130
early studies of, 3 1 - 3 7 , 4 0
Ellison, Bruce, 163, 164-165,
extinction of, 50-51
1 6 9 , 1 7 1 - 1 7 7 , 187
2 4 0 TYRANNOSAURUS S U E
Emery, Steve, 101, 119
Forbes, Edward, 33-34
Evolutionary theory, 3 6 - 3 7
Fortin, Cindy, 187
Extinction
Fossil h u n t i n g
Cuvier's theory of, 66
commercial, 8 0 - 8 5 , 139-144,
of dinosaurs, 5 0 - 5 1
215-216, 230-231
on Indian lands, 175-177
Farrar, Bob, 11, 4 1 , 109-110, 146,
job description for, 10-11
149, 169-171, 174, 182,
on public lands, 5 7 - 5 8 , 59, 63,
184,188, 189
79-89, 105-106, 139-140,
Federal Bureau of Investigation
173-180, 231-232
(FBI), seizure of Sue by,
site excavation in, 2 3 - 2 6
1 , 4 5 , 5 1 - 6 4 , 146
Fossils
news coverage of, 56, 6 0 - 6 1 ,
black market for, 230-231
63, 6 8 - 6 9 , 8 9 - 9 0 , 114
creation of, 11-12
public response to, 58, 5 9 - 6 1 ,
early studies of, 3 1 - 3 7 , 4 0
6 8 - 6 9 , 88, 112
evolutionary theory and, 36-37
Fein, Bruce, 6 8 - 6 9
identification of, 20-21
Ferguson, Fred, 169, 184
as l a n d , 1 0 8 , 1 1 7 - 1 1 9 , 1 5 1 - 1 5 2
Field M u s e u m of Natural
ownership of, 6 5 - 6 6
History, 3,14, 2 3 , 1 9 5 ,
Antiquities Act and, 57-58,
197, 221
59, 63, 79, 104, 105-106
corporate sponsors and,
preparation of, 41
2 0 0 - 2 0 5 , 2 1 0 - 2 1 2 , 2 1 6 ,
sale of, 47, 142-143
2 2 4 - 2 2 7
Foulke, William, 3 4 - 3 5
decision to purchase Sue,
Fraley, Phil, 221, 222
195-196, 197, 200
Frey, Eberhard, 38, 39
financing for purchase, 206
history of, 197
Galiano, Henry, 209, 233
negotiations with Larson,
Garbani, Harley, 18-19
218-220
General Allottment Act, 115
purchases Sue, 206-212, 216
Gerken, D o n , 104
Sotheby's and, 205-207
Giago, Tom, 69
study, preparation and display
Giuliani, Rudolph, 226
of Sue by, 217-218,
Goddio, Franck, 71-72
220-229
Gonzales, Mario, 232
Flynn, John, 23, 1 9 5 , 1 9 9 , 2 1 0 ,
G o v e r n m e n t Accountability
2 1 1 , 2 2 1 - 2 2 2 , 231
G r o u p , 112, 129
I N D E X
2 4 1
Graffham, Allen, 13-14
Hitchcock, Edward, 36
Gray, Richard, 3, 205, 206-208,
Hochstafl, Lynn, 51
209,210
Holsworth, Arlo, 134
Green, Cecelia, 183, 184
Honert, Jim, 11
Greenberg, Jack, 204
Hooke, Robert, 30
Grimaldi, David, 6
Hornaday, William, 17
Guardia, Vicente de la, 72
Horner, Jack, 11, 19, 29, 3 0 , 4 0 ,
Guggenheim M u s e u m , 225
4 9 , 5 1 , 5 9 , 60, 198,221
H u n t , Robert, 7 4 - 7 5 , 77, 78,
Haberlein, Karl, 47
80-82, 84
Hadrosaurus foulkei, 34-35, 36, 93
Hunting for Dinosaurs (Zofia
Harlan, Bill, 43, 62, 67, 87, 88,
Kielan-Jaworoska), 31
154,159
Huxley, T h o m a s Henry, 36, 95
Hatcher, John Bell, 138-139
Hawkins, Benjamin Waterhouse,
Iguanodon, 32, 33-34, 35
33,34
Indian lands. See also Cheyenne
Hayashibara M u s e u m , 142
River Sioux
Hendrickson, John, 72
federal regulation of, 114-116
Hendrickson, Mary, 6, 7
fossil h u n t i n g on, 175-177
Hendrickson, Sue, 2, 3, 14, 15,
Isaac, J.C., 124
152, 153, 158, 189,
219-220, 229-230
Jacobs, Louis, 85
adventures of, 6-9, 7 1 - 7 2 ,
Jenkins, Farish, 105, 148
229-230
Jepson, Glenn L., 50
background of, 6-8
discovers Sue, 5, 16-17
grand jury appearance of,
Kafka, Joe, 144
71-72
Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia, 31
Peter Larson and, 9, 1 6 , 1 8 , 2 6 ,
Kinsbergen, Leon, 58
72, 187
Kislak, Jay, 211
site excavation by, 2 3 - 2 6
Knight, Charles, 198, 221
sixth sense of, 8, 16
Kremer, Pat, 217
trial testimony of, 167-169
Hercules, Gus, 78
Labidosaurus, 125
Hill City, 4 1 - 4 2 , 132-134, 155
Laelaps aquilungus, 93
History of Oxfordshire, The
Lakes, Arthur, 9 5 - 9 6
(Robert Plot), 20
Lamb, Bob, 203
2 4 2
TYRANNOSAURUS S U E
Land, fossils as, 108, 117-119,
168,184, 185-186,
151-152
189-192, 232
Larson, Jason, 15, 23
deterrent effect of, 231
Larson, Kristin D o n n a n , 133,
fallout from, 231, 232
193, 208
indictment in, 146-149
Larson, Mark, 10
jury selection in, 162
Larson, Matthew, 15, 23
media coverage of, 154-155,
Larson, Neal, 4 1 , 69, 7 1 , 133, 134,
156-159, 181, 186,
182
190-191
a n n o u n c e s Sue's discovery,
motive for, 192
2 7 - 2 8
plea bargain in, 156-160
background of, 10, 11, 15
pretrial m o t i o n s in,
criminal prosecution of. See
153-
154
also Larson, Peter, crimi-
sentencing in, 188-194
nal prosecution of
trial in, 162-182
trial testimony in, 171-180
verdict in, 183-185,
at custody hearing, 77-78
186-187
date changes by, 7 7 - 7 8 , 79,
custody hearing and, 77, 79
165, 176-177
discovery of Sue and, 19-20,
Larson, Peter, 1-2, 3, 6, 15,
21-26. See also
4 5 - 4 6 , 49, 69, 70, 80,
Tyrannosaurus Sue
121-122. See also Black
evidence seizure and, 111-112,
Hills Institute of
135-136
Geological Research
exhibits Sue, 42
affection for Sue, 42, 100,
FBI seizure and, 1, 45, 51-64,
235-236
146
announces Sue's discovery,
fossil finds of, 11, 13-14, 188.
27-28
See also under
background of, 9-11
Tyrannosaurus
criminal prosecution of,
grand jury deliberations and,
135-138, 144-194
6 9 - 7 4 , 8 7 , 110-111, 114,
closing arguments in,
146
180-181
h o m e confinement of,
decision not to testify, 180
207-208
defense lawyer for, 135,
i m p r i s o n m e n t of, 192-194,
145-146, 149, 152-153,
207-208
157-159, 163-164, 167,
marriage of, 133
I N D E X
2 4 3
m u s e u m plans of, 27, 4 1 - 4 2 ,
(Charles H. Sternberg),
133-134
123
negotiations with Field
Lobster fossil, 165, 168, 178
Museum, 218-220
Lockhart, G e m m a , 236
negotiations with Schieffer,
Lofgren, Lois, 114
62-63
Louis, Amy, 217, 222, 224, 228
negotiations with Sioux, 6 1 - 6 3
Lucas, O. W., 96
openness to researchers and,
37-38, 60, 68, 75
Madsen, Jim, 143
research studies of, 2 7 - 3 0 ,
Maestricht fossil, 6 5 - 6 6
38-40, 222
Magill, Frank, 70, 79, 86, 88, 100
Rex Files, The, 28, 52
Mandel, Bob, 54, 59, 129, 146,
scientific reputation of, 60,
153, 154, 158, 159,
74-75, 187
161-164, 167-171,
seeks access to Sue, 218
180-181, 186, 190
Sioux's claim and, 43—44, 45
Mantell, Gideon Algernon, 32
site excavation by, 22, 2 3 - 2 6 ,
Mantell, Mary Ann, 32
24-25
Marsh, Othniel, 116, 125,138,
Society of Vertebrate
220
Paleontology (SVP) and,
feud with Cope, 8 9 - 9 9
74-75, 77, 78, 8 0 - 8 5
Oglala Sioux and, 108-110
specimen acquisition by,
Marshall, Mark, 132
138-141
Martin Marietta Corporation, 68
Stan Sacrison and, 122-123,
Masek, Bob, 220, 223