Reckoning

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Reckoning Page 97

by David Halberstam


  Japanese competition recognized by, 654-655

  in job hunt, 613-617

  on layoff, 607-609, 613-616

  under psychological stress, 614-615

  recall of, 654

  at small nonunion shop, 616-617, 653-654

  wages of, 608

  Goddard, Joyce Ford, 608, 610, 611, 614, 615, 616, 617

  Goddard, Kim, 608

  Goddard, Scott, 658

  Go-Go-Mobile, 427

  Goldman, Sachs, 223, 224, 486, 528, 692

  Goldwater, Barry, 367

  Gorham, Don, 266-267

  Gorham, Hazel, 263, 264, 267

  Gorham, William, Jr., 266, 267

  Gorham, William R., 263-267, 299

  Goto, Mitsuya, 634

  Gray, Harry, 692

  Gray, John, 70

  Great Britain, 641

  Nissan plant in, 644-651

  Greathouse, Pat, 408, 586-588, 590-592

  Great Society, 367

  Greece, 698

  Greenhill, Bob, 690-691

  Greenwald, Jerry, 206-207, 564, 565, 567, 571, 742

  Grew, Joseph, 113

  Grisanti, Arturo Hernandez, 700

  Grosse Pointe, Mich., 188-189

  Grosse Pointe Farms council, 39

  Grossman, Richard, 501

  Guest, Edgar, 355-356

  Gunther, John, 108

  Hadas, Frank, 87

  Haddad, Bill, 640

  Haig, Alexander, 626

  Halaby, Najeeb, 679

  Halsey, William, 107, 108

  Halston, 681

  Hambrecht, Bill, 335

  Hammer, Armand, 460-461

  Hara, Teiichi, 298, 301

  Harashina, Kyoichi, 400, 424

  Harder, Del, 205, 539

  Harmon, Kelly, 640

  Harriman, W. Averell, 109, 187

  Harvard Business School, 254, 407, 601-602

  Harvard Law School, 499-500

  Hasegawa, Norishige, 704

  Hatada, Michio, 139, 146, 148, 182

  Hayashi, Tsuyoshi, 283-286

  Hayes, Walter, 660

  Hertz Rent-a-Car, 604, 622

  Higgins, Patillo, 75

  high-compression engines, 324, 325

  high technology, 702, 703, 708

  highway network, U.S., 324

  Hiki, Takuzo, 279-280, 281, 282

  Hirohito, emperor of Japan, 108

  Hiroshima, 133-134

  Holbrooke, Richard, 695-696

  Holler, Bill, 362

  Holusha, John, 736

  Honda, Soichiro, 272, 307, 486, 543-544, 582

  Honda company, 307, 486-487, 647, 735-736

  Hong Kong, 48

  Hooven, Fred, 210, 521

  Hooven, Jack, 206-207

  Hoover, J. Edgar, 347

  Hope, Bob, 532

  housing, 421

  Houston, Tex., 50

  Houston Chronicle, 50

  Houston Post, 50

  Hout, Thomas, 309

  Hudson Motors, 39, 329

  Hudson’s department store, 52

  Hughes Aircraft, 204

  Hurd, Peter, 512

  hydraulic brakes, 93

  Hyundai company, 715-717, 719, 721-724

  Iacocca (Iacocca), 678, 682-683

  Iacocca, Antoinette, 356, 357

  Iacocca, Lee, 32, 352-367, 678-686, 745

  audit of, 532, 535

  background of, 356-357

  board members and, 549-552

  Caldwell and, 523-525, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552

  Cardinal model killed by, 522

  Chris Craft offer to, 385-386

  in Chrysler financial crisis, 561-566

  in commercials, 569-570

  company jet used by, 35-36, 531-532

  Davis and, 562-563

  dealers and, 353-354, 359

  DeTomaso and, 483-484

  as Detroit’s spokesman, 35, 389-390

  in downsizing debate, 539-541, 543, 545

  as egocentric, 570-571

  on European trips, 479-480

  finance men and, 353-354, 364, 371, 375, 535-536

  firing of, 547-552

  five-fifty warranty revived by, 568

  Ford exiles hired by, 565

  as Ford marketing director, 352

  Ford Motor Company’s performance under, 535

  as Ford president, 388-390

  at Ford West Germany meeting, 530

  Fraser and, 567, 679

  Frey and, 381, 384-385, 569

  Fugazy and, 532-535, 685

  government bailout engineered by, 564-567

  as head of Statue of Liberty restoration project, 684-685

  Henry Ford II and, 40, 353, 357-358, 366, 371-373, 376, 377-380, 384, 388, 477-480, 482-484, 519, 527-532, 534-535, 547-552, 678-682

  in Honda engine proposal, 543-544

  Japanese competition underestimated by, 518-519

  on Japanese market share, 736

  K car and, 567

  Knudsen and, 380-385, 388, 389, 478

  large cars favored by, 389-390

  Lundy and, 254, 255, 257-258, 353-354, 375, 387, 477, 528-529, 536

  Lutz hired by, 741-742

  McKinsey study and, 548

  McNamara and, 205, 207, 352-353, 356-357, 364-366

  market share under, 536

  Minivan and, 575-576

  Mustang and, 366-367, 370-376

  new-product development program and, 528

  PIPs program planned by, 466-467, 477

  as potential political candidate, 684, 685-686

  power consolidated by, 477

  publicity on, 374, 376

  on quality issue, 508

  rivals of, 379-381

  salary of, 478, 683

  sales bank and, 563-564

  as salesman, 360, 362-364

  in Samsung deal, 713

  Sperlich and, 479, 480, 481, 519, 523, 547, 556, 557, 560, 561-562

  Iacocca, Mary, 380, 386, 390

  Iacocca, Nick, 356-357, 358, 377-378

  IBJ, see Industrial Bank of Japan

  IBM (International Business Machines), 229

  Ibn Saud, Abdel Aziz, king of Saudi Arabia, 327, 328

  Ibrahim, Youssef, 699-700

  Ichikawa, Ichiro, 317-318, 320

  Ichikawa, Kaoru, 320

  Ichimada, Hisato, 397

  Ickes, Harold L., 327

  Idris, king of Libya, 459

  Ikeda, Hayato, 123-124, 303-304

  immigrants, 62-63, 67, 277-278, 355-356

  India, 698

  Industrial Bank of Japan (IBJ), 131-133, 135, 136, 143, 148, 164, 166, 399, 400

  Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 84

  inflation, 537, 538, 621

  Inoue, Kaoru, 130

  interest rates, 33, 35, 567, 569, 626

  Interior Department, U.S., 201

  Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 99, 223, 224

  International Harvester, 53, 166, 586

  International Nickel (Inco), 691-692

  Introduction to Analysis, An (Takagi), 282

  Iran, 15-16, 17, 23, 38, 457, 458, 461, 463, 464, 531-532, 581, 613, 697, 699

  Iranian State Oil Company, 463

  Iraq, 23, 457-458, 699

  Ireland, 62

  Ishibashi, Tanzan, 114

  Ishida, Taizo, 304

  Ishihara, Takashi, 434-438

  as accounting director, 579

  British factory planned by, 644-651

  capitalization requests from, 437-438

  finance men and, 436-437

  Fraser’s meeting with, 591-593

  Katayama and, 436-437

  as Nissan president, 579-580, 586

  one-liter car pushed by, 580

  personal qualities of, 585-586

  production cutbacks planned by, 580-581

  protectionism and, 585

  Runyon and, 634-635, 637, 643

  Shioji and, 589-590, 643-652

  as U.S. exports h
ead, 435

  in U.S. plant negotiations, 588-593

  voluntary restraints and, 628

  Israel, 10, 327, 458, 462, 528

  Isuzu, 165, 733

  Italy, 645

  Iwakoshi, Tadahiro, 580

  Jackson, C. D., 41-42

  James Flowers and Brothers, 66

  Jamieson, John, 460

  Japan:

  banking in, 131-132

  civil service in, 19-20

  as hierarchical society, 126-127, 138

  Korea’s relations with, 717-719

  middle-class surge in, 419-420

  nation concept in, 272-273

  personal freedoms in, 273

  planning in, 17-18, 272-273

  population concentration in, 308

  postwar industrial design for, 271-274

  postwar living conditions in, 127-129, 302

  trade policies of, 23-25, 701-706

  in World War II, 27-28

  Japan, occupied, 106-125

  Dodge policy in, 122-125

  puritan instinct in, 276-277

  Japan Auto Workers (JAW), 184

  Japanese Diet, 626-627

  Japanese economy:

  Asian countries as competitors of, 24

  auto industry in, 581-582

  communal capitalism in, 20, 24, 273

  competitive heavy industries in, 286

  consumer market in, 303, 307-308

  Darwinism in, 306-307

  exports in, 306-307

  fragility of, 704-705

  in 1950s, 302-303

  1986 yen crisis in, 743-744

  oil dependency of, 17, 22-23, 511-512

  steel industry in, 274-276, 582-583

  trading companies in, 294

  zaibatsu in, 109, 112, 114, 119, 123, 126, 129, 130, 141

  Japanese education:

  authority in, 18-19

  as competitive advantage, 24

  Confucianism and, 272

  engineering emphasized in, 276, 277, 278

  in industrial advancement, 276, 277

  social status and, 277-278

  Japanese Union of Engineers, 317

  Japan Sinks, 511

  Japan Tobacco Inc. (JTI), 702-703

  Jews, 85, 188, 277, 327, 355, 357, 358

  jobs, export of, 707-708

  Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, 77

  John Deere, 369

  Johnson, Chalmers, 19, 624

  Johnson, Deane, 471

  Johnson, Edward, 228-229

  Johnson, Lady Bird, 194

  Johnson, Lyndon B., 194

  Ford and, 367, 380

  Great Society programs of, 367

  Reuther and, 349, 350, 351

  Johnson, Peggy, 681

  joint production ventures, 712, 713

  Jones, Jimmy, 374

  Jouppi, Arvid, 43

  junk bonds, 689, 694

  Juran, Joseph, 314

  Justice Department, U.S., 45, 48

  just-in-time theory of manufacturing, 81

  kachos, 150-151, 419

  Kahn, E. J., 224

  Kahn, Herman, 704

  Kaiser, Edgar, 331, 335

  Kaiser, Henry, 331-335, 638

  background of, 331

  public offerings by, 332

  Kaiser-Frazer, 332-335

  Kaplan, Sanford, 237, 241

  Katayama, Yutaka, 287-293, 424-449, 725-726

  in advertising campaign, 512, 513

  as antiunion, 289-290

  in Australian endurance race, 290-293

  background of, 287-288

  Datsun 510 and, 446-449

  Datsun modifications requested by, 432, 433-434, 441-442, 445, 446-447

  dealership network established by, 427-428

  forced retirement of, 516-517

  high-living charges against, 515

  home office and, 513-517

  Ishihara and, 436-437

  on MacArthur, 288

  Majima and, 515-516

  Matsumura and, 445-446

  as Nissan U.S. West Coast head, 287-288, 289, 424-425, 439

  personal qualities of, 439-441

  service emphasized by, 429-430

  Shioji and, 514

  U teams and, 425-426

  Kawamata, Katsuji, 131, 135-136, 143-146, 152, 293, 402

  Asahara and, 143, 144-145, 399-400, 434-435

  background of, 157-159

  in British plant debate, 647-651

  death of, 742

  Dodge Line enforced by, 136, 145-146

  economy cars and, 304

  expansion pressures on, 308, 394-398

  Ishihara and, 580, 647

  as Keidanren representative, 581-582, 583-584

  labor relations under, 134-135, 144-146, 152, 153, 398

  as Nissan president, 400-401

  strike crushed by, 163, 164-167, 179, 182-183

  supplier companies and, 453-454

  U.S. exports and, 301

  Kawasaki, Ichiro, 170

  Kawasaki Steel, 275-276, 396-397, 695

  Kawazoe, Soichi, 396, 426, 430-431, 514

  Kefauver, Estes, 330

  Kefauver Senate Monopoly Subcommittee, 45, 330

  Keidanren business group, 318, 581-582, 583-584, 647, 649

  Keller, K. T., 41, 333, 553

  Keller, Maryann, 33, 538, 733, 736, 737-739, 743

  Kelsey-Hayes company, 344-345

  Kemp, Jack, 673

  Kempton, Murray, 336

  Kennan, George F., 119

  Kennedy, John F., 367

  Kenyon & Eckhardt, 569-570

  Kettering, Charles F., 324-326

  Keynesian economics, 26-27

  Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 15

  Killefer, Tom, 8, 9, 10, 554-555

  Kim, Stewart, 718

  King, Martin Luther, Jr., 350

  Kinsley, Michael, 500-501

  Kissinger, Henry A., 15, 684

  Klann, Bill, 90

  Klestadt, Eric, 302

  Knudsen, Bill, 88-89, 93, 96, 347, 381-382

  Ford and, 88-89

  Knudsen, Bunkie, 380-388, 390, 603, 679

  Knudsen, Florence, 387-388, 390

  Knudsen, Semon E.:

  background of, 381-382

  as Ford president, 380-381

  Ford’s firing of, 386-388

  Iacocca and, 380-384, 385, 388, 389, 478

  Koch, Ed, 682

  Konoe, Fumimaro, 113

  Korea, South, 24, 706, 712-724

  industrial surge in, 716-717

  Japanese competition with, 24

  Japan’s relations with, 717-719

  U.S. joint ventures with, 712-713

  U.S. suppliers and, 713, 714-715

  wages in, 716

  workers in, 719-724

  Korean War, 146-148

  Kotz, Nick, 501

  Krandall, Norman, 40, 355, 378-379, 573-576

  Kucher, Andrew, 369

  Kulick, Frank, 83, 87

  Kumagai, Tokuichi, 142

  Kuze, Hideo, 453

  labor unions, Japanese:

  Communists in, 114-118

  Dodge Line on, 124-125

  legalization of, 110-111

  under U.S. occupation, 110-111, 114-116

  see also Japan Auto Workers (JAW); Nissan Motors Masuda union; Nissan Motors Miyake-Shioji union

  Larsen, Wendell, 569

  Lasch, Christopher, 682

  Laux, Gar, 565

  League of Nations, 628

  learning curves, 308-309

  LeMay, Curtis, 602

  Lemcke, Nancy, 673

  Lemcke, Norman, 673

  Lemke, Ray, 427

  Lennox, Don, 509, 541, 710

  at Chester plant, 213-221

  in manufacturing, 216-221, 242

  Vincent and, 217-218

  Levin, Hillel, 639

  Levy, Gus, 528

  Levy, Walter, 461

  Libya, 23, 459-461

  Liebold, E G.,
86

  Little Orphan Japan Syndrome, 705

  Litton Industries, 204, 386

  Lorenz, Paul, 257

  Los Angeles Times, 518

  Los Angeles Times-Mirror company, 549

  Love, George, 553

  Lovett, Robert, 201

  Lucas, Anthony, 75

  Ludendorff, Erich, 77

  Luedke, Kurt, 467

  Lundy, J. Edward, 204, 214, 220, 235, 244, 246-259, 740-741

  background of, 249-250

  cadre developed by, 485-486

  diversification opposed by, 486, 487

  finance division promoted by, 256-258

  financial presentations controlled by, 252-253

  Iacocca and, 254, 255, 257-258, 353-354, 375, 387, 477, 528-529, 536

  Mini/max and, 575

  Niskanen and, 621

  personal qualities of, 247-250

  personnel policies controlled by, 250-252

  power consolidated by, 477

  protégés of, 253-256

  Runyon and, 506

  Sperlich and, 482

  Lutz, Bob, 661, 741-742

  MacArthur, Douglas, 105-122, 156

  Communists suppressed by, 117-118

  Dodge and, 122-123

  Draper and, 119-120

  as generous victor, 107-108

  Japanese reforms sought by, 108-110

  Katayama on, 288

  as thespian, 106-107

  McCardell, Arch, 166

  McCracken, Paul, 47

  MacDiarmid, Orville, 123

  McDonnell, Anne, see Ford, Anne McDonnell

  McKenna, John, 215

  McKinsey company, 548

  McLaughlin, Matt, 361, 362

  McNamara, Robert, 204-210, 258, 259, 349, 370

  as austere, 208-210

  Crusoe vs., 234-237

  factory men vs., 219-220, 234, 237-238, 240-242

  as Ford division manager, 237-238, 240-241, 379

  Iacocca and, 205, 207, 352-353, 356-357, 364-366

  in paint oven battle, 241

  profit drive under, 243-244

  as statistically minded, 205-208, 209-210

  as Whiz Kid leader, 204-205

  McNaughton, Jim, 568

  Majima, Hiroshi, 515-516

  Maki, Shin, 298, 301

  Making Democracy Safe for Oil (Rand), 328

  Makino, Nobuaki, 113

  Malayan Language Study Group, 148

  Malaysia, 706

  Malcolmson, Alexander, 70

  management-speak, 198

  managerial class, 197-198

  Manchester Guardian, 368

  Manchukuo, 131

  Manhattan Fund, 230

  Mansfield, Mike, 591

  Manufacturers Hanover, 556

  Marathon Oil, 53, 695-696

  Marcos, Imelda, 472, 531

  Marquis, Samuel, 87-88

  Marsh, Barbara, 166

  Marshall, Harry, 265

  Marshall, Mayfield, 440, 448-449, 512-513, 516, 725

  Martin, Ed, 93

  Martindale, Charles, 100

  Marx, Karl, 25

  mass production, 59-60, 72-74

  at Ford, 59-60, 72-74

 

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