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Reckoning

Page 99

by David Halberstam


  Henry Ford II and, 482, 544-546, 547-548

  Iacocca and, 479, 480, 481, 519, 523, 547, 556, 557, 560, 561-562

  on Japanese factory tour, 734

  K car and, 560, 568, 571

  on manufacturing vs. finance, 505-506

  Minivan and, 571-573, 575-576

  on nonconformance, 734

  on small cars, 520-521

  on suppliers, 735

  Spindletop oil field, 75-76

  Standard & Poor’s, 38

  Standard Oil, 75, 76, 78

  starter motors, 324-325

  State Department, U.S., 327

  statistical control systems, 202

  Statue of Liberty restoration project, 684-685

  Stearns, Frederick, 188

  Stearns, Philip, 187

  steel industry, Japanese, 24, 274-276, 303, 396-397, 582-583, 695-696

  steel industry, U.S., 53-54, 582, 695-696

  Ford’s agreement with, 621-622

  vanadium breakthrough in, 71

  Steinberg, Saul, 230

  Steinbrenner, George, 685

  Stevenson, Adlai, 521

  Stewart, Jackie, 672

  Stockman, David, 745

  Stokesbury, Edward, 86

  Stone, Donald, 268-269, 270

  Studebaker, 329, 638

  suburbs, 352

  subway system, Japanese, 302

  Suez Canal crisis, 457

  Sugita, Akira, 452

  superautomation, 48, 708

  Supplemental Unemployment Benefits (SUB), 613

  suppliers, Japanese, 451-454

  suppliers, U.S., 43

  in Korean ventures, 713, 714-715

  standard of purchasing from, 735

  Suppliers Union, 453

  Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), 110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 117, 119-120

  suribachi trials, 150-151, 152, 165

  Suzuki, Takashi, 411-414, 454

  Sward, Keith, 71, 72

  Syria, 458, 462

  Taiwan, 24, 706, 715

  Takagi, Teiji, 282

  Takeda, Rennosuke, 174, 175

  Tamura, Kinichi, 393-394

  Tanabe, Kuniyuki, 156

  as Kawamata’s ally, 399

  on U.S. imports engineering team, 297-301

  Tanaka, Hanshichi, 171, 172, 174, 175

  Tanaka, Kanichi, 269-270

  Tanaka, Minoru, 279-286, 309-310

  background of, 279-284

  at Nissan, 284-285, 309-311

  Tanaka, Sanosuke, 170-178, 414-423, 726-727

  background of, 171-176

  as middle class, 418-419

  Ohju Hosho award presented to, 618-619

  Shioji and, 414-415

  work attitudes of, 170-171

  tariffs, 637

  Taubman, Al, 681

  Taubman, Judy, 681

  Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 71-72

  Taylorism, 71-73

  Teamsters, International Brotherhood of, 338

  Teapot Dome scandal, 77

  technology, 28, 710

  Teeter, Robert, 50-51

  Telnack, Jack, 662-665, 666

  Teran, Javier Espinosa, 699-700

  Texaco, 328

  Texas Instruments, 229

  Thatcher, Margaret, 647, 648, 650-651

  Thimmesch, Nick, 554

  Thomas, Norman, 343

  Thomas, R. J., 346

  Thompson, Jim, 634

  Thornton, Charles Bates, 201-204, 250, 386

  Tilton, Newell, 192

  Time, 374, 473, 570

  tobacco industry, 702-703

  Tobata Casting, 130, 400

  Tohatsu motorbikes, 307

  Tokuda, Kyuichi, 116-118, 142

  Tokyo summit (1986), 743

  Tokyo University (Todai), 18-19, 137, 138-139, 282-284

  Touche Ross firm, 553, 559

  Townsend, Lynn, 42, 246, 498, 553-556

  background of, 553

  personal qualities of, 555-556

  UAW and, 558-559

  Toynbee, Arnold, 24

  Toyoda, Eiji, 81

  Toyoda, Keiichi, 124

  Toyota, 126, 132, 147, 152, 165, 184, 431, 444, 589

  import restraints opposed by, 627-628

  just-in-time theory practiced at, 81

  layoffs avoided by, 124

  as leading import, 513

  Motomachi plant of, 395-396

  Nissan vs., 304, 395-396, 647

  Toyopet, 304 U.S. plant for, 736

  trading companies, Japanese (shosha), 294

  transfer machines, 393-394

  transmissions, automatic, 243, 465

  Transportation Department, U.S., 512-513

  Tremulis, Alex, 663, 664

  Tritex, 227

  Truman, Harry S, 105, 121

  Trump, Donald, 685

  Tsai, Gerry, 227-230

  Tsubura, Kisaburo, 161

  Tudeh party, 15-16

  Tunisia, 698

  Ultralonix, 227

  Umetani, Shunichiro, 409-411

  unemployment:

  in Michigan, 49, 50-51, 609

  technology and, 709

  unemployment benefits, 615

  United Aircraft, 692

  United Auto Workers (UAW), 4, 331

  benefits negotiated by, 466

  Chrysler and, 558-559, 567

  criticisms of wage settlements under, 593

  employment decline and, 708

  Ford contracts with, 244, 622

  GM contracts with, 45, 348-349

  Henry Ford II and, 469

  Honda and, 735

  International Harvester strike called by, 166

  Japanese plant as objective for, 586-588, 591

  Local 174, 344-345

  members estranged from leaders in, 489-490, 493-495

  Nissan and, 586-588, 590-593, 634, 636, 643

  organizing drives by, 344-346

  PEG plan and, 655-656, 657

  protectionism supported by, 620, 625

  younger members in, 489-490, 493-496

  see also Reuther, Walter

  United States:

  arms race drain on, 745

  autos as status symbols in, 41, 294-295

  individualistic capitalism in, 20

  industrial decline in, 36-37

  middle class in, 323

  as oil culture, 25-26, 28-31, 77-79

  as oil power, 77-78

  public education in, 746-747

  service sector in, 37-38, 745-746

  United States Trust Company, 10

  Unsafe at Any Speed (Nader), 501-502

  Usami, Masataka, 431-432

  U.S. Steel, 53-54, 231, 695-696

  Valenti, Jack, 673

  Vass, Sev, 210

  Vaughan, William, 714-715

  Veraldi, Lou, 665

  Vietnam War, 4, 350-351, 366-367, 493

  Vilas-Fischer, 738

  Vincent, George, 214-220

  Vogel, Ezra, 487

  Volkswagen, 269, 292, 300-301, 349, 431, 513

  Beetle, 310, 449, 518, 520

  Nissan and, 310, 430

  Rabbit, 12, 523

  U.S. market share for, 443, 444-445, 449

  Wada, Hiroo, 114

  wages:

  $5 day standard for, 84-85

  at Ford, 519, 621, 622

  Fraser on, 593

  indexing of, 621

  in Korea, 716

  at Nissan, 409

  under UAW, 593

  Wainwright, Jonathan, 107

  Wakatsuki, Nobe, 294-296, 299, 301

  Wall Street, 225-227

  Ford and, 245-246, 256, 485, 551

  go-go market on, 227, 231-232, 245-246

  in hostile takeovers, 689-690, 693-696

  old industrial vs. new companies on, 232

  portfolio managers on, 227-230

  stocks driven up on, 246

  talent flow to, 231-232

  Wall Street Journal, 84, 235, 385,
692, 699-700

  War Department, U.S., 316

  Warren, Louis, 556

  Washington Post, 500-501, 503

  Watanabe, Saburo, 418

  Watergate break-in, 493

  Waud, Neil, 241

  Weeks, George, 51

  Weidenbaum, Murray, 626

  Weinberg, Sidney, 223-224, 225, 474, 486-487, 528

  Wendland, Michael, 601

  Western Electric, 317

  Western Electric Control Book, 317

  West Germany, see Germany, Federal Republic of

  Wheeling Steel, 342

  Whitehead, John, 224-225

  Who’s Who in America, 669

  Wiesmyer, Max, 235, 238-242

  Willys-Overland, 331, 335

  Wilson, Charlie, 20, 41-42, 336, 337, 347

  Wilson, Harold, 746

  Wilson, Woodrow, 60

  Winchell, Frank, 521

  Withrow, Jack, 560

  Wood, Leonard, 77

  Woodcock, Leonard, 184, 489

  at JAW convention, 184

  Shioji and, 184, 408

  Woodcock, Leslie, 350-351

  workers, Japanese:

  Ikeda’s program for, 303-304

  living standards of, 24

  social ambitions of, 277-278

  strikes by, 643-644

  world car, 554

  World War I, 26, 77

  World War II, 27-28, 96, 154-155, 201-202, 326-327

  Wright, Jim, 212-213, 603

  Wright, Patrick, 13, 330

  Xerox Corporation, 229, 231, 255, 509, 557

  Yamamato, Shoji, 131, 143

  Yamani, Ahmed, 458, 461-464

  yen crisis (1986), 743-744

  Yntema, Ted, 234, 252, 330

  Yokoyama, Yoshihisa, 579

  Yom Kippur War, 9-10, 465, 512, 513, 528

  Yoo Mai Bok, 720

  Yoshida, Kenzo, 113

  Yoshida, Shigeru, 111-117

  background of, 112-113

  Dodge and, 123, 124

  Mac Arthur and, 111, 112, 113-114, 115

  Yoshida, Yukiko Makino, 113

  Yoshikawa, Tadashi, 586

  zaibatsu, 109, 112, 114, 119, 123, 126, 129, 130, 141

  Zincrometal, 621-622

  A Biography of David Halberstam

  David Halberstam (1934–2007) was a Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist and bestselling author. He is best known for both his courageous coverage of the Vietnam War for the New York Times, as well as for his twenty-one nonfiction books—which cover a wide array of topics, from the plight of Detroit and the auto industry to the captivating origins of baseball’s fiercest rivalry. Halberstam wrote for numerous publications throughout his career and, according to journalist George Packer, single-handedly set the standard of “the reporter as fearless truth teller.”

  Born in New York City, Halberstam was the second son of Dr. Charles Halberstam, an army surgeon, and Blanche Levy Halberstam, a schoolteacher. Along with his older brother, Michael, Halberstam was raised in Westchester County and went to school in Yonkers. He attended Harvard University, where he was the managing editor of the Crimson, the student-run newspaper. Dedicated to forging a career in journalism, Halberstam worked with the West Point Daily Times Leader in Mississippi after graduation and at the Nashville Tennessean, where he covered the civil rights movement, a year later. Halberstam joined the Washington bureau of the New York Times in 1960. He worked as a Times foreign correspondent, moving to Congo and then to South Vietnam to cover the war in 1962.

  Throughout Halberstam’s coverage of the Vietnam War, he was committed to reporting what he saw despite intense and continuous political pressure. Halberstam reported on the corrupt nature of the American-backed government in Saigon. Unlike many of his colleagues, he refused to report the misinformation that American commanders fed to the press, choosing instead to talk to soldiers and sergeants on the frontlines. His steadfast dedication left President Kennedy so infuriated that he personally asked Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, then-publisher of the New York Times, to replace Halberstam. Sulzberger refused.

  Halberstam won the Pulitzer Prize for his coverage of Vietnam and worked for the Times’ Warsaw bureau after the war. After leaving the Times in the late sixties, Halberstam turned his focus to writing books and magazine articles. He described his books as stories of power—sometimes used wisely, sometimes disastrously. Halberstam quickly established himself with The Best and the Brightest (1972), a blistering, landmark account of America’s role in Vietnam. For each social or political book he published—such as The Powers That Be, The Fifties, and The Children—Halberstam wrote one on sports, one of his favorite subjects. His books were regularly praised for their impeccable detail as well as for their absorbing narrative style.

  Halberstam died in a car accident in Menlo Park, California, in 2007, at the age of seventy-three. He was en route to an interview for an upcoming book about the 1958 National Football League championship game between the New York Giants and the Baltimore Colts. His obituary in the Guardian hailed him as “one of the most talented, influential and prolific of the American journalists who came of age professionally in the 1960s.”

  Young Halberstam and his typewriter in the Congo in 1960.

  An editorial meeting at the New York Times office, around 1962. Halberstam is at far right; Scotty Reston, who hired Halberstam, is to his right.

  Halberstam, shown second from left, walking with military officers in Vietnam, around 1962.

  Halberstam with Robert F. Kennedy, around 1967.

  Halberstam and his daughter, Julia, at a Fourth of July parade in Nantucket, in 1983.

  Halberstam and his friends James T. Wooten (in the poncho), a New York Times and ABC reporter, along with Richard C. Steadman and Gerry Krovatin in Nevis in the early 1990s.

  Novelist John Burnham Schwartz (Reservation Road) and Halberstam in Nantucket in the mid-1990s.

  Halberstam took an interest in rowing because of his work on The Amateurs, a study of four rowers striving for a place on the US Olympic team, published in 1996.

  Halberstam and friends.

  Halberstam, second from right, on a New York Times panel. Journalist Dexter Filkins (The Forever War) is to his right, discussing the Iraq war. This is one of the last photos of Halberstam before his death in 2007.

  A memorandum written for Halberstam following his fatal car accident in 2007.

  All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this ebook onscreen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher.

  copyright © 1986 by David Halberstam

  cover design by Angela Goddard

  978-1-4532-8610-4

  This edition published in 2012 by Open Road Integrated Media

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  New York, NY 10014

  www.openroadmedia.com

  EBOOKS BY DAVID HALBERSTAM

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