by A. J. Baime
[>] “The ‘Big Ten’ of the Invasion”: “War Production Reports: War Progress,” June 10, 1944, container 254, Harry L. Hopkins Papers, FDR Library, Hyde Park, NY.
[>] “every movement of his face”: Maury Klein, A Call to Arms: Mobilizing America for World War II (London: Bloomsbury, 2013), pp. 673–74.
[>] “We have just heard”: Jon Meacham, Franklin and Winston: An Intimate Portrait of an Epic Friendship (New York: Random House, 2004), p. 278.
[>] “As dawn broke”: Stephen E. Ambrose, D-Day: June 6, 1944, the Climactic Battle of World War II (New York: Touchstone, 1994), p. 239.
[>] “Rosie the Riveter back”: Ambrose, The Wild Blue, p. 167.
[>] “Early this morning”: Murrow, In Search of Light, p. 81.
[>] “There was no sight in the war”: Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, p. 295.
[>] “You’d never get away”: Ambrose, D-Day, p. 239 footnote.
[>] “Soldiers, sailors and airmen”: General Dwight D. Eisenhower, D-Day speech, June 6, 1944, available at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGTWOB3pv6U (accessed October 23, 2013).
30. The Final Battle: Spring to Fall 1945
[>] “Don’t make the mistake”: Collier and Horowitz, The Fords, p. 167.
[>] “There was a great change”: Douglas Brinkley, Wheels for the World (New York: Penguin, 2003), p. 496.
[>] “You come in here”: Allan Nevins and Frank Ernest Hill, Ford: Decline and Rebirth (New York: Scribner’s, 1963), p. 266.
[>] “Take this back to Henry”: Ibid.
[>] “It wasn’t any good”: Ibid., p. 112.
[>] “I think it’s about time”: Brinkley, Wheels for the World, p. 499.
[>] “Henry, I think young”: Ibid.
[>] “Look, you’re not well”: Ibid.
[>] “There are things going on”: Ibid.
[>] “He killed my husband”: Robert Lacey, Ford: The Men and the Machine (Boston: Little, Brown, 1986), p. 418.
[>] “If this is not done”: Nevins and Hill, Ford: Decline and Rebirth, p. 268.
[>] “Okay, Henry, you take over”: Brinkley, Wheels for the World, p. 500.
[>] “I’ll take it only if”: Collier and Horowitz, The Fords, p. 167.
[>] “We have just fifteen”: Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), p. 602.
[>] “in a jerky way”: Ibid.
[>] “I have a terrific pain”: Ibid.
[>] “more of them would come”: H. H. Arnold, Global Mission (Military Classics, 1949), p. 579.
[>] “Believe me, it will”: Ian Kershaw, Hitler: 1936–1945 Nemesis (New York: W. W. Norton, 2001), p. 807.
[>] “Truman’s Proclamation”: “Truman’s Proclamation—War Ends!” Detroit News, August 14, 1945, p. 1.
[>] “To the Employees”: “Cessation of Production,” acc 435, box 51, “Willow Run Bomber Plant,” vol. 4, Benson Ford Research Center, Dearborn, MI.
[>] “You’re taking over”: Harry Bennett, as told to Paul Marcus, Ford: We Never Called Him Henry (New York: Tom Doherty Associates, 1987), p. 1.
[>] “I was frightened to death”: Brinkley, Wheels for the World, p. 500.
[>] “You son of a bitch!”: Collier and Horowitz, The Fords, p. 167.
[>] “just as I planned it”: “Former FBI Man Replaces Ford Official,” Chicago Daily Tribune, September 28, 1945.
[>] “Well, I guess Harry”: Collier and Horowitz, The Fords, p. 168.
Epilogue
[>] “I flew thirty-five missions”: Oak Mackey, interview with the author.
[>] “America’s record in production”: Donald M. Nelson, Arsenal of Democracy: The Story of American War Production (New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1946), foreword.
[>] “The American war production”: Ibid., p. 429.
[>] “The production necessary”: Ibid., p. 431.
[>] “The number of people”: Stephen E. Ambrose, The Wild Blue: The Men and Boys Who Flew B-24s over Germany 1944–1945 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), pp. 22–23.
[>] Of the total 18,482 Liberators: “Ford Summarization,” acc 435, box 52, Benson Ford Research Center, Dearborn, MI.
[>] “People think they”: Jorg Friedrich, The Fire: The Bombing of Germany, 1940–1945 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2006), p. 287.
[>] “The end of the world”: Ibid., p. 136.
[>] “When you looked at the cities”: Charles Lindbergh, The Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970), p. 943.
[>] “Here was a place”: Ibid., p. 995.
[>] “In the attack by Allied”: “The United States Strategic Bombing Survey (European War, Summary Report),” September 30, 1945, reprinted by Air University Press, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, October 1987.
[>] “We too are soldiers”: Schneider report, p. 13, box 1032, stack 270, row 69, compartment 69, shelf 6, “Foreign (Occupied) Area Reports” (entry 368B), Records of the Operations Branch of the Administrative Services Division of the Adjutant General’s Office (record group 407), National Archives, College Park, MD.
[>] “Until 1939, all important”: Ibid., p. 1.
[>] “after the outbreak”: Ibid.
[>] Cologne factory had 870: Research Findings About Ford-Werke Under the Nazi Regime, numerous authors (Dearborn, MI: Ford Motor Co., 2001), p. 128 chart.
[>] “The conditions were terrible”: Michael Dobbs, “Ford and GM Scrutinized for Alleged Nazi Collaboration,” Washington Post, November 30, 1998.
[>] “We have progressed”: “Ford Sees Menace of Bigger War,” Daily Boston Globe, May 28, 1944.
[>] “rivals the weirdest”: Charles E. Sorensen, with Samuel T. Williamson, My Forty Years with Ford (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2006), p. 8.
Index
Note: EF = Edsel Ford, HF = Henry Ford, HF2 = Henry Ford II, FDR = Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Ford = Ford Motor Company
Aachen, Germany, bombing of, [>]
Adonis, Joe, [>]
affordable mobility concept, [>], [>], [>]
aircraft superchargers, [>]
airplanes
Air Mail Service, [>]–[>]
civilian air travel during the 1930s, [>]
EFs interest in, [>]–[>], [>]
See also Battle of Production; heavy bombers; Luftwaffe; military airplanes, airpower; US Army Air Corps and specific airplanes and factories
Albert, Heinrich
false reports about Nazi control of production, [>]
as head of Ford’s German division, [>], [>], [>]
monitoring by the FBI, [>]
and profitability of Ford of Germany, [>]–[>], [>]
role in obtaining raw materials and trucks for the Nazis, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Allis-Chalmers, Milwaukee, production of navy turbines, [>]
Allison aircraft engine, [>]–[>], [>]
altitude experiments, [>]–[>]
aluminum
in airplanes, [>], [>], [>], [>]
supplies/production of, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Ambi-Budd, [>]
Ambrose, Stephen E. (The Wild Blue), [>], [>]
America First group, [>]–[>]
American Mercury, on Bennett, [>]
ammunition. See guns and ammunition
Anderson, Clinton, [>]
Anfa Hotel, near Casablanca, Morocco, [>]
anti-aircraft guns
in Berlin prior to war, [>]
Dodge-produced Oerlikens, [>]
88-millimeter, in Ploesti, [>]–[>]
Ford-produced M-7s, [>]
anti-Semitism
charges of against HF and Lindbergh, [>]
and European pogroms, [>]–[>]
expressed by HF, [>]–[>]
expressed by Liebold, [>]
and Kristallnacht, [>]–[>]
and Nazi genocide, [>], [>], [>]
ongoing, in the United States, [>]
&n
bsp; Antwerp, Belgium, bombing of Ford plant at, [>]
appeasement, Lindbergh’s desire for, [>]–[>]
Ardery, Philip, [>], [>]–[>]
area bombing, [>]–[>]
Arizona (battleship), [>]
Army Air Corps. See US Army Air Corps
Army-Navy “E” Award for Excellence, [>]–[>], [>]
Arnold, Henry Harley “Hap”
on the Double Wasp engine, [>]
on FDR’s early support for US Army Air Corps, [>]
heart attacks, [>]
introduction to HF2, [>]–[>]
on Lindbergh’s testimony on the Luftwaffe, [>]
on need to build heavy bombers, [>]
on need to destroy Nazi means of production, [>]–[>]
order to destroy German Air Force, [>]
plans for using the B-29, [>]
reports on heavy bomber production delays, [>]
requests for changes to B-24 Liberators, [>]
role in building the US Army Air Corps, [>]
at the Tehran Conference, [>]
arsenal of democracy concept
application to individual auto manufacturers, [>]
and D-Day preparations, [>]
Detroit as manifestation of, [>]
invasion of Sicily as example of, [>]
meaning of, FDR’s continuous refinement of, [>]
See also Battle of Production; war production
“Arsenal of Democracy” speech (Roosevelt), [>]-[>], [>]-[>], [>], [>]
Aschersleben, Germany, bombing of, [>]
Asnières, France, Ford factory, [>]
assembly line production
Ford’s concept for, [>]–[>]
increased line speed, under Bennett, [>]
Stermer’s experience of riveting on, [>]
use of for airplane construction, criticisms of, [>]
See also bomber-an-hour goal
Athens, Greece, Nazi warning system, [>]–[>]
atomic bomb, [>], [>]
auto industry, Germany, [>]. See also Albert, Heinrich; Ford-Werke AG
auto industry, US
advertisements featuring war matériel, [>]–[>]
cessation of car production, [>]–[>]
conversion to war production, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
cooperative ventures, [>]
cost savings realized by, [>]
competition in, [>]–[>]
during the Depression, [>]
role in Allied success, [>], [>]–[>]
See also Detroit and specific auto manufacturers and factories
auto racing, [>]
B-17 Flying Fortress (Boeing)
importance of, [>]
improvements in, [>]
during Operation Tidal Wave, [>]
production of parts for, [>]
production volume, [>]–[>]
B-24 Liberator
in-air fueling process, [>]
bomber construction and subassembly, [>], [>]–[>]
Bomber Ship 01, initial deadline, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Bomber Ship 01, rollout, [>]–[>]
Bomber Ship [>]–[>], [>]
breakdown process, [>]
center wing, [>], [>]
Churchill’s use of, [>]
closing of the production line, [>]
cockpit, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
complexity, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Consolidated’s construction approach, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Consolidated’s prototype for, [>]
costs of producing, [>], [>], [>]
during D-Day invasion, [>]
descriptions of flying in, [>], [>], [>], [>]
engines, [>], [>]
escort fighters for, [>]
first Ford contract for, [>]
Ford engineers’ studies of, [>], [>]–[>]
improvements and changes in, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
interior space, [>], [>]
landing gear, [>]
mass production approach, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
as museum pieces, [>]
nicknames for, decorations on, [>]–[>], [>]
during Operation Argument, [>]
during Operation Tidal Wave, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
painting and fitting of, [>]–[>]
piloting, challenges of, [>]–[>]
pilots, famous names among, [>]
production rates, numbers produced, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
rivets in, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
role in winning the war, [>], [>], [>]
during second attack on Ploesti, [>]
size and weight, [>]–[>]
speed, range, payload capacity, [>]
stripping and mothballing after the war, [>]–[>]
test flights, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
tires, [>]
turret gunner’s experience in, [>]
wiring needs, generators, [>], [>]
See also Willow Run bomber plant
B-24 Very Long Range Liberator, [>]
B-26 “Widowmaker” Marauder (Martin), [>], [>], [>], [>]
B-29 Superfortress superbomber (Boeing), [>], [>]
Bacon, Irving, [>]
Bagley Avenue, Detroit, Ford family home, [>]–[>]
Baker, Edwin, [>]
Baldwin, Stanley, [>]
Baraka, Amiri (Blues People), [>]
barrage balloons, [>]–[>]
Baruch, Bernard, [>]
Battle of Britain, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Battle of Production
and changing concepts of military strength, [>]–[>]
and the competition for airpower, [>]
as the contribution of the home front, [>], [>]
and factories as military theaters, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
FDR’s report on, 1943, [>]–[>]
importance of Detroit’s auto industry, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Nazi skills and successes, [>]–[>]
See also arsenal of democracy concept; military airplanes, airpower; war production
Battle of the Atlantic, [>], [>]
Battle of the Overpass, River Rouge factory, [>]–[>]
Beasley, Norman, [>]
Beaverbrook, Lord, [>]
Belgium
bombing of Antwerp Ford plant, [>]
declaration of war on Japan, [>]
fall to Nazis, [>]–[>]
Belle Isle Park, Detroit, racial violence, [>]
Benghazi, Libya, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Bennett, Harry
accusations of theft against, [>]–[>], [>]
ambition to become Ford’s president, [>], [>], [>]
appearance, [>]
capitulation to UAW, [>]
complaints to FDR about strike, [>]
departure from Ford, [>]–[>]
during FDR’s visit to Willow Run, [>]–[>]
as FBI informant, [>], [>]
FBI investigation of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Fortune article about, [>]
on HF’s treatment of EF, [>]
hiring of, [>]–[>], [>]
home in Ypsilanti, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
links to underworld, [>]
power exerted by, [>]–[>], [>]
on racial strife, [>]–[>]
racism, [>]
recruitment of blacks by, [>], [>]–[>]
relationship with Bugas, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
relationship with EF, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
relationship with HF, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
relationship with HF2, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
relationship with Lindbergh, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
response to Detroit Race Riot (1943), [>]
as secretary of Ford’s board, [>], [>]
security role, [>]–[>], [>]
; and siting of the Willow Run bomber factory, [>]
union-busting, labor policies, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
use of violence, violent behaviors, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
See also Service Department
Benz, Karl, [>]
Berlin, Germany
Ford’s truck-building facility in, [>
