The Arsenal of Democracy: FDR, Detroit, and an Epic Quest to Arm an America at War

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The Arsenal of Democracy: FDR, Detroit, and an Epic Quest to Arm an America at War Page 40

by A. J. Baime

]

  exemption from World War I draft, [>]

  final illness, [>]–[>], [>]

  first car, [>]

  Ford stock holdings, [>]

  government defense contracts, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Grosse Pointe home, [>]

  interest in airplanes, airpower, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  interest in European sports cars, [>]–[>]

  interview of, by Meyer, [>]–[>]

  isolation, [>]–[>]

  landing gear developed with Van Auken, [>]

  marriage to Eleanor Lowthian Clay, [>]

  memorial ceremony for, [>]

  patriotism, questioning of, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  planning to protect factories against air raids, [>]

  presidency of Ford, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  promises for B-24 Liberator delivery, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  relationship with Bennett, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  relationship with FDR, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  relationship with HF, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  relationship with HF2, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  relationship with Hoover, [>], [>]

  relationship with Kanzler, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  relationship with Sorensen, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  relationship with workers and the UAW, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  respect given by people of Detroit, [>], [>]–[>]

  at the shakedown for the first Ford Jeep, [>]

  stomach pains, cancer, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  study of reasons for worker absences, [>]

  Treasury Department investigation and report, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  and the Truman Committee visit to Willow Run, [>]–[>]

  twenty-first birthday gift, [>]

  view of the postwar industrial future, [>]

  “What Is a Boy,” [>]

  withdrawal from public eye, [>]

  See also B-24 Liberator; bomber-an-hour goal; Willow Run bomber factory and other members of the Fordfamily

  Ford, Eleanor Lowthian Clay

  art collection, [>]

  burial, [>]

  condolence letters to, [>]–[>]

  efforts to convince EF to stop working, [>], [>]

  Gaukler Pointe home, [>]

  isolation, [>]–[>]

  reaction to HF’s resumption of Ford Company presidency, [>]

  response to EF’s death, [>], [>]

  role in fight against Bennett, [>]

  social life, [>]

  Ford, Henry

  ability to attract investors, [>]–[>]

  acceptance of Grand Cross of the German Eagle, [>]–[>]

  affordable mobility concept, Fordism, [>]–[>]

  aging, declining physical and mental health, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  agreements to allow production of war matériel, [>]–[>], [>]

  anti-Semitism, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  assertion of opposition to Nazism, [>]

  on birth of Edsel, [>]

  Camp Willow Run in Ypsilanti, [>]–[>]

  capitulation to UAW, [>]

  ceding of control to HF2, [>]–[>]

  childhood, [>], [>]

  and the concept and building of the Model T, [>]

  contract agreement with UAW, [>]–[>]

  contributions to war effort, [>]

  death and burial, [>]

  on destruction of orchard at Willow Run site, [>]

  Detroit Automobile Company, [>]

  and development of mass production, [>]

  estimated worth in 1927, [>]

  Fair Lane mansion in Dearborn, [>]

  firing of Wibel, [>]–[>]

  first plane ride with Lindbergh, [>]–[>]

  Ford stock holdings, [>]

  founding of Ford, [>]

  during the Great Depression, [>]

  hatred for FDR, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  hatred of unions, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  hiring of blacks, [>]

  Hitler’s admiration for, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  labor practices and salaries, [>]–[>], [>]

  museum of antique machinery, honoring of EF at, [>]

  news reports lauding for war production, [>]–[>]

  opinion of Kanzler, [>]

  opposition to Bomber City, [>]–[>]

  optimism, [>]

  pacifism, antiwar activism, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  potential presidential run, [>]

  the Quadricycle, [>]–[>], [>]

  refusal to modernize, [>], [>]

  relationship with Bennett, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  relationship with EF, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  relationship with HF2 and other grandchildren, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  relationship with Liebold, [>]

  relationship with Lindbergh, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  relationship with Sorensen, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  response to EF’s death, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  response to war in Europe, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  resumption of Ford presidency after EF’s death, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  retirement, [>]

  rumors of codicil about running of Ford, [>]

  salary, [>]

  during siting of the Willow Run bomber plant, [>]

  as teetotaler, [>]

  work for Edison Illuminating Company, [>]–[>]

  Ford, Henry, II

  acceptance of the E flag and first public speech, [>]–[>]

  appearance, [>], [>]

  changes in during year after EF’s death, [>]–[>]

  birth and childhood, [>], [>]–[>]

  children, [>]

  death, [>]

  decision to remain with Ford, [>]

  EF’s decision to bring into business, [>], [>]

  at farewell lunch for Lindbergh, [>]

  first visit to Consolidated Aircraft Corporation, [>]–[>]

  first jobs at the Rouge, [>]

  following Gregorie’s firing, [>]–[>]

  marriage to Anne McDonnell, [>]

  memories of learning to drive, [>]

  move into father’s office at Ford headquarters, [>]

  navy service, [>], [>]

  presidency of Ford, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  relationship with Bennett, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  relationship with Bugas, [>]

  relationship with EF, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  relationship with Ford employees, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  relationship with Gregorie, [>]

  relationship with HF, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  relationship with Kanzler, [>], [>]

  relationship with Sorensen, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  release from Navy after EF’s death, [>]–[>]

  response to Detroit Race Riot, [>]

  response to EF’s death, [>], [>], [>]

  return to Ford, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  at the rollout of the final B-24 Liberator, [>]

  at River Rouge factory opening, [>]

  twenty-first birthday party, [>]

  work on the Ford Jeep, [>]

  at Yale, [>]

  See also Bennett, Harry; Ford Motor Company and specific members of the Ford family

  Ford, Josephine, [>]–[>], [>]

  Ford, William (EF’s son), [>]–[>]

  Ford, William (HF’s father), [>]

  Ford-Afrique, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]. See also Ford-Werke AG Ford Airport, [>]–[>], [>]

  Ford
Foundation, [>]

  Fordism, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  Ford Motor Company

  airplane-related production by, [>]–[>]

  allocations of raw materials for factories in Europe, [>]–[>]

  assets in Nazi-controlled Europe, [>], [>]

  black employees, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  celebrity employees, [>]

  competition with General Motors, [>]–[>]

  condition of at time of EF’s death, [>]

  conflicts among top executives, [>]

  cooperation with other auto manufacturers during war, [>]

  design department, importance, [>]–[>]

  display of military equipment produced at, [>]

  early profitability, [>]

  employee changes following EF’s death, [>]–[>]

  engineering team sent to San Diego, [>]

  European operations, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  expectations for increased output from, [>]

  first assembly line for, [>]

  first car produced, [>]

  following the Detroit Race Riot of 1943, [>]

  Ford family focus on, [>]

  founding of, capital shares, [>]

  impact of EF’s death on, [>]

  last civilian motor car during World War II, [>]

  lawsuit against brought by Iwanowa, [>]

  Lindbergh’s departure from, [>]

  morale, spring 1943, [>]

  postwar years under leadership of HF2, [>]

  response to EF’s death, [>]–[>]

  rumors about codicil to HF’s will, [>]

  shrinking market share, [>]

  Sorensen’s departure from, [>]–[>]

  and Treasury Dept. investigation, [>]

  UAW strikes and actions against, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  See also Bennett, Harry; Bugas, John; Highland Park factory; River Rouge plant; Service Department; Willow Run bomber plant and specific members of the Ford family

  Ford of Britain, [>]

  Ford of France

  profits from cooperating with Nazis, [>]

  and Treasury Dept. investigation of EF’s ties to Nazis, [>]

  truck production for the Nazis, [>], [>], [>]

  See also Dollfus, Maurice

  Ford of Germany. See Ford-Werke AG/Ford of Germany Ford Ranges, Antarctica, [>]

  Ford Reliability Tour, [>]

  “the Ford Stomach,” [>]

  Ford Tri-Motor airplane (“Tin Goose”), [>], [>]

  Ford-Werke AG/Ford of Germany

  Albert’s leadership at, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  final communiqué with, [>]

  investigations of, following World War II, [>]–[>]

  profits at Ford from the Nazi government, [>]

  role in obtaining raw materials and trucks for the Nazis, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  use of forced labor, [>]–[>]

  Forest Club, Detroit, [>]–[>]

  Fortune magazine

  on Ford after EF’s death, [>]

  on popularity of the heavy bomber, [>]

  on strategic importance of the B-24, [>]

  four-engine bombers. See B-17 Flying Fortress bomber (Boeing); B-24 Liberator

  France

  bombing of Nazi-controlled railroads in, [>]–[>]

  early flying machines, [>]–[>]

  Ford factories in, [>]

  invasion of by Nazi Germany, [>]–[>]

  surrender to Hitler’s armies, [>]–[>]

  See also Ford of France

  Frankensteen, Richard, [>]

  Friedrich, Jorg, [>]

  Galamb, Joe, [>]

  gasoline shortages, impacts, [>]–[>], [>]

  Gaukler Pointe, MI, EF home at, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  Geerlings, Gerald, [>]

  Gehrig, Lou, [>]–[>]

  General Electric, war production at, [>], [>]

  General Motors (GM)

  Allison aircraft engine, [>]

  competition with Ford, [>]–[>]

  contracts with Nazi Germany at, [>]

  cooperative ventures with Ford, [>]

  “Dynamic Obsolescence,” [>]

  engines for the B-24 Liberator at, [>]

  European operations, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  founding, tiered brands, [>]

  GMAC financing unit, [>]

  headquarters, [>]–[>]

  military contracts, [>], [>]

  military truck production, [>]

  production of fighter planes, [>]

  production of M5 light tanks, [>]

  purchase of Willow Run plant, [>]–[>]

  UAW contract, 1937, [>]

  union-busting efforts, [>]–[>]

  See also Opel

  genocide, Nazi, [>], [>], [>]. See also anti-Semitism

  German Air Force. See Luftwaffe (German Air Force)

  Germany

  destruction of by end of World War II, [>]–[>]

  Ford in, [>]

  GM’s Opel factories in, [>]

  Hitler’s work to develop auto industry, [>]

  honoring of Goetz in Dinklage in 2006, [>]

  impact of Great Depression, [>]

  See also Nazi Germany

  Gerstenberg, Alfred, [>]–[>]

  Gibson Refrigerator Company

  parts for the B-24 Liberator, [>]

  Waco CG-4A gliders, [>]

  Gillespie, John, [>]

  Glenn L. Martin Company, B-26 Marauders, [>]

  gliders, military, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Goebbels, Joseph

  on impact of day raids by four-engine bombers, [>]

  response to “Arsenal of Democracy” speech, [>]-[>]

  response to reading about Nelson’s 1943 war production report, [>]

  response to the bombing of Berlin, [>]

  suicide, [>]

  Goering, Hermann

  acceleration of airplane production, [>]

  Adlertag (“Eagle Day”), during Battle of Britain, [>]–[>]

  amusement at learning of FDR’s 50,000

  airplane plan, [>]

  announcement of Blitzkrieg policy, [>]

  appearance, behavior, [>]

  arrangements for defense of Ploesti, [>]

  disbelief in reports of US penetration of German air space, [>]

  as head of the Luftwaffe, [>]

  Hitler’s removal from command of the Luftwaffe, [>], [>]

  interest in GM’s secret Allison aircraft engine, [>]

  on the invincibility of the German Air Force, [>]

  meeting with Knudsen, 1938, [>]–[>]

  Goetz, Jack R., [>]

  Gooden (US pilot), [>]

  Gordon, Mrs. Sam, [>]–[>]

  Gozo Island, US military base on, [>]

  Graham, Marvin, [>]

  Graham, Roscoe, [>]

  Grand Cross of the German Eagle, [>]

  Great Depression

  Bennett during, [>]–[>]

  ending of, by war production, [>], [>]

  and exodus of blacks from the South, [>]

  impacts in Europe, [>]

  impacts on auto industry, [>]–[>]

  living conditions during, [>]

  reduction in size of military during, [>]

  Great Lakes Naval Base, [>

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