Nazi Germany and the Jews, Volume 01: The Years of Persecution
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Baillie, Hugh, 143
Balkans, 178
Ballin, Albert, 73, 74, 77
Bang, Paul, 26–27
Bankier, David, 162, 163, 164
banking industry, Jews in, 24, 25, 77–78, 170, 234, 259–60
Barkai, Avraham, 22
Barmat brothers, 106
Bauer, Karl, 274, 275
Baumgarten, Eduard, 54
Bavaria, 91–92, 93–94, 99, 355, 363
Bavarian People’s Party (BVP), 102
Bayreuth circle, 87–90, 109
Beckmann, Anton, 202
Befehl des Gewissens, Der (Zöberlein), 122
Behrends, Hermann, 198
Being and Time (Heidegger), 54
Belinson, Moshe, 64
Benn, Gottfried, 10
Béraud, Henri, 105–6
Berger, Richard, 275
Bergery, Gaston, 213–14
Berlin, 18, 56–58, 91, 106, 138, 202–3, 257, 260–61, 262, 352
Berlin University, 347, 348
Bernanos, Georges, 211–12
Bernhard, Thomas, 239–40
Bernheimer, Otto, 233
Berning, Bishop Wilhelm, 47, 49, 59, 210
Berthold, Karl, 31–32, 155–56, 321–23, 341
Bertram, Adolf Johannes Cardinal, 42, 298, 393–94
Best, Werner, 263, 264
Bethe, Hans, 50
Bethge, Eberhard, 45–46
Bethmann-Hollweg, T. von, 76
Bidault, Georges, 248
Bismarck, Herbert von, 34–35
blacks, 153, 195, 196, 207–8
Bleichröder, Gerson, 81
Bloch, Édouard, 222
Blomberg, Werner von, 117, 236
Blum, Ferdinand, 231–32
Blum, Léon, 219, 222–23
Blumenfeld, Kurt, 21
Bohnen, Michael, 135
Bolshevism, 97–98, 103, 141, 178, 180, 371
see also anti-Communism; Communism
Bolshevism from Moses to Lenin (Eckart), 97–98
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 45–46
Bonnet, Georges, 300–301
book burnings, 11, 13, 57–58, 60
Bormann, Martin, 116–17, 154, 208, 226, 228–29, 232n 280, 331
Born, Max, 50
Börne, Ludwig, 88
Bosch, Carl, 26
Bouhler, Philipp, 210
Böving-Burmeister, Isolina, 195
Brack, Viktor, 210
Brandt, Karl, 209, 210, 331
Brod, Max, 300
Brodnitz, Julius, 21
Broszat, Martin, 114, 115, 206, 335, 336, 359
Buber, Martin, 16–17, 44, 118, 169
Buch, Walter, 154, 271
Buchenwald, 167, 261, 326
Bülow, Bernhard W. von, 34
Bürckel, Josef, 241–44
Busch, Fritz, 10
businesses, Jewish-owned, 18, 38, 62, 125
April 1, 1933 boycott of, 15, 19, 20–24, 26, 37, 42–43, 56, 57, 59, 70
Aryanization of, 179, 232–39, 242–43, 247, 257–61, 284, 317
banning of, 258, 281
definition of, 22–23
German economy and, 69, 70, 74, 126, 127
identification of, 187–88
Nazis as customers of, 126, 202–3, 233–34
violence directed against, 137–39
Carl, Prince of Sweden, 36
Catholic Church, Catholics, 109, 210, 227, 235, 248, 250
anti-Semitism and, 42–43, 46–49, 59–60, 83, 190, 212, 215–17, 250–51, 297, 339–40, 345
“crow-black,” 231
Nuremberg Laws and, 163, 164
in Poland, 215–17
see also Vatican
cattle trade, Jews in, 37, 125, 127, 138–39, 169, 188–89, 233, 363
Céline, Louis-Ferdinand, 213, 377
cemeteries, 329–30
Central Association of German Citizens of the Jewish Faith, 15, 21, 48, 61, 151, 165
Central Committee of the Boycott Movement, 24
Central Office for Jewish Emigration, 244–45, 304, 305
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 89–90, 355
Chamberlain, Neville, 265, 330
Chaoul, Henri, 153–54, 321
Chinese Army, 117–18
Christianity:
anti-Semitism and, 83–85, 86–87, 215, 326–28, 344–45
conversion of Jews, 43, 46, 47
see also Catholic Church, Catholics; Protestant churches, Protestants
Christian Science Monitor, 19
Citizenship Law, 142, 145, 146, 148, 149, 157–58, 257–58, 291, 318
citizenship of Jews:
in France, 221, 223
in Nazi Germany, 26–27, 39, 71, 140, 142, 146, 148, 149, 157–58, 237, 263–68
refugee crisis and, 263–68
Citron, Otto, 157–58
Civil Code, 120–21
Civil Service Law, see Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service
Class, Heinrich, 34, 76
Cologne, 36
Committee for Inter-Confessional Peace, 42
Communism, 18, 24, 25, 27, 53, 61, 93, 111, 141, 163, 164, 178, 242
see also anti-Communism
Communist Party, German, 106
concentration camps, 42, 189, 190, 261, 263, 274, 338
in Austria, 245–46, 247
categories of prisoners in, 203
Communists imprisoned, 17
first Jews sent to, 18
number of prisoners in, 203
in Poland, 267
see also extermination camps; specific camps
Concordat, 46–47, 48–49, 69, 70
Conference of Bishops, 47
Confessing Church, 45–46, 59, 163, 189–90, 235, 296–97
Conservative Party, German, 34, 35, 75
Consistoire, 220–21, 222
Conti, Leonardo, 30, 40, 331
Coudenhove-Kalergi, Count, 58
Courant, Richard, 50
crime, 141, 254, 255
Criminal Police, 204
Croix de Feu, 221, 222
cultural de-Judaization, 9–14, 32–33, 65–68, 102, 107–10, 117–18, 130–37, 252, 364–65
CV Zeitung, 151, 167
Czechoslovakia, 178, 224, 239, 244, 245, 260, 304–5, 310
Czecho-Slovakia, 265–66, 267
Dachau, 17, 113–14, 206, 246, 302, 338, 345, 382
Daluege, Kurt, 141, 195
Da Ponte, Lorenzo, 134–35
Darré, Walter, 196
Davar, 64
Deak, Istvan, 107–8
Defense Ministry, German, 117
de-Judaization, see Aryanization; cultural de-Judaization
denunciations, 325–26
Desbuquois, Gustave, 251
“Desirable and Undesirable Jews” (Schmitz), 44
Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 30–31, 50, 192, 253
Deutsche Bank, 25, 33, 42, 243, 259–60
Deutsche Rundschau, 109–10
Deutsches Museum, 253
“Deutschlandlied” (Fallersleben), 128
Dibelius, Bishop Otto, 42
Division of German Theaters, 133–34
Dmowski, Roman, 218
DNB (German news agency), 148
DNVP (German National People’s Party), 17, 29, 34, 359
Döblin, Alfred, 11, 130
Dollfuss, Engelbert, 242
Dresden, 29, 31–32
Drumont, Edouard, 211, 212
Dühring, Eugen, 87
Dybbuk, The (Anski), 104
Ebert, Friedrich, 106
Eckart, Dietrich, 97–98, 184
Economic Ministry, German, 63, 69, 139, 179, 224, 237
Education Ministry, German, 50, 131, 228, 252
Ehrlinger, Erich, 198, 199
Eichmann, Adolf, 198, 200, 201, 219, 282, 392
in Czechoslovakia, 305
in post-Anschluss Austria, 244, 245, 274, 382
Eicke, Theodor, 17, 246
&
nbsp; Einstein, Albert, 12, 13, 194, 332
Eisenach Institute, 326–28
Eisner, Kurt, 91–92
Elbogen, Ismar, 60
Emerson, Sir Herbert, 315
Enabling Act (1933), 17
Endek Party, Polish, 218
Erzberger, Matthias, 74
“Eternal Jew, The,” 253
Eternal Jew, The, 100
Ettinger, Elzbieta, 53
eugenics, 39–40, 152, 208
Europe, 80, 90
anti-Semitism in, 81, 113, 211–24, 250–52, 292
euthanasia, 209–10, 331
Evangelical Church, 163, 323–24, 326
Evian conference (1938), 248–49, 250
extermination camps, 42, 221, 247
see also concentration camps
Fallersleben, Hoffmann von, 128
farm law, 32, 33
fascism, 215, 223
Fascist Grand Council, 250
Fascist Party, Italian, 250
Faulhaber, Michael Cardinal, 42, 47–48, 183–84, 297
Fechter, Paul, 109
Federation of German Women’s Associations (BFD), 110
Feil, Hanns von, 275
Feldtmann, Marga, 195
feminism, 109
Feuchtwanger, Lion, 9, 171
Fiehler, Karl, 229
Fischböck, Hans, 315
Fischer, Eugen, 207
Fischer, Samuel, 79, 337
Flag Law, 142, 148
Flandin, Pierre-Etienne, 221
Florstedt, Hermann, 166–67
Foreign Affairs Ministry, German, 58, 154, 186, 201, 208, 238
German Department of, 34, 35
Foreign Policy Office, 223
Forty Days of Musa Dagh, The (Werfel), 12
Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, The (Chamberlain), 89–90
Four-Year Plan, 179, 180, 182–83, 236, 247
France, 85, 105, 115, 177–78, 207–8, 219, 220–24, 265, 266, 300–301, 302, 330–31
anti-Semitism in, 81, 83, 211–12, 213, 214, 223–24, 339–40, 378, 391
political events in, 221–23
France-Allemagne Committee, 223–24
Franck, James, 50
Franco, Francisco, 178
Frank, Hans, 20, 29, 193
Frank, Theodor, 25
Frank, Walter, 191, 192, 227, 314, 328
Frankfurt, 23–24, 37, 187, 229–30, 286, 323, 328
Frankfurter, David, 181
Frankfurter Volksblatt, 229–30
Frankfurter Zeitung, 9, 12, 90, 161, 168
Frankfurt University, 55–56, 113
Free Corps, 94
Freemasons, 84, 198
Frei, Norbert, 331–32
Freiburg Circle, 297–98, 390
Freiburg University, 50–51, 53, 297
Freisler, Roland, 20, 120, 121, 154
Freud, Sigmund, 172, 193, 241, 381
Frey, Adolf Heinrich, 269–70
Frick, Wilhelm, 18, 26–27, 34, 119, 135, 139–40, 146, 160, 195, 224, 260, 270, 289, 290, 325
Civil Service Law and, 28, 120, 226–27
Friedell, Egon, 239
Friedmann, Frieda, 16
Fritsch, Werner von, 236
Fröhlich, Elke, 114, 206
Fromm, Bella, 262
Funk, Walter, 236, 289
Furtwängler, Wilhelm, 252
Gang-Salheimer, Lore, 38
Gauleiters, 286–87, 288, 289
Gay, Peter, 107, 381
Gayda, Virginio, 215
Gayl, Wilhelm Freiherr von, 27
Gebsattel, Konstantin von, 76
Geffen-Ludomer, Hilma, 38
Geist, Raymond, 313
Gellately, Robert, 161
Gemlich, Adolf, 72, 96
Gercke, Achim, 28, 31, 341
German Association for Art History, 252
German Boxing Assn., 36
German Christian Faith Movement, 43–44
German Conference of Bishops, 42
German Democratic Party (DDP), 93, 106–7, 337, 356
German Earth and Stone Works Corporation (DEST), 246
German Labor Front, 17, 289, 340–41
German National People’s Party (DNVP), 17, 29, 34, 105, 359
German Research Society (DFG), 205
German State Party, 104, 107
German Students Association, 56
German University League, 56
Germany, Imperial:
anti-Semitism in, 34–35, 56, 75–77, 81–90
economic role of Jews in, 77–80
social role of Jews in, 80–81, 87
Germany, Nazi:
cultural de-Judaization in, 9–14, 32–33, 65–68, 102, 117–18, 130–37
economic role of Jews in, 126–28, 139, 168, 203, 260, 363
Jewish citizenship in, 26–27, 39, 71, 140, 142, 146, 148, 149, 157–58, 263–68
Jewish emigration and expulsion from, 9, 12, 55, 61–65, 128, 134, 140–41, 165, 167–70, 200–201, 214, 224–25, 237–38, 247–48, 254, 260, 280, 282–83, 287–88, 299–305, 314–19, 370, 382, 384, 393
Jewish reactions to anti-Jewish measures taken in, 14–17, 33, 55, 60–68, 167–73, 179
Jewish refugees and, 263–68, 299–305, 315
Germany, Weimar Republic, 36, 78
anti-Semitism in, 56, 73–75, 104–12, 347
Gerum, Josef, 113, 206, 207
Gestapo, 46, 60, 61, 65, 113, 122, 129, 132, 136, 138, 139, 140, 146, 160, 164–65, 167, 188, 189, 202, 207, 239, 242, 245, 255, 261, 266, 267, 273, 276, 284, 286, 302, 304, 318, 319, 323
Freud’s appraisal of, 241
German police hierarchy, 195
Jewish affairs section of, 219
organization of, 198
ghettos, 143, 247, 283
Gide, André, 213
Globke, Hans, 152, 159, 254, 255
Globocnik, Odilo, 245
Godesberg Declaration, 326
Gödsche, Hermann, 94
Goebbels, Joseph, 10, 20, 57, 63, 100, 104, 111, 118, 137, 143, 146, 162, 177, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185–86, 252, 253, 261, 282, 283, 284, 292, 298–99, 301, 302, 328, 359, 372
April 1, 1933 boycott and, 21–22
cultural de-Judaization and, 32–33, 131–33, 364
on expulsion of Jews, 262–63
Kristallnacht and, 270, 271–73, 276
on sympathy expressed for Jews, 129–30, 166
Goldschmidt, Jakob, 51
Goldstein, Moritz, 78, 79, 81
Göring, Hermann, 10, 21, 52, 65, 142, 153, 193, 207, 236, 245, 265–66, 273, 277, 279, 310
Austrian Aryanization and, 242, 243
on being Jewish, vii, 283
at Bernheimer’s carpet store, 233
as coordinator of Jewish matters, 280–82, 283, 286–88, 289, 290, 291, 319, 325
Four-Year Plan and, 179, 247
Jewish businesses banned by, 258, 281
Göttingen University, 50, 54
Götz, Curt, 132
Gräfe, Gerhard, 58
Grau, Wilhelm, 191–92, 227–28, 328
Graubart, Richard, 274, 275
Great Britain, 170, 300
anti-Semitism in, 212, 213
Palestine and, 237–38, 299
relations between Nazi Germany and, 20, 115, 177–78, 265, 308, 310, 330
Great Depression, 343
“Great Memorandum,” 297–98
Gröber, Archbishop Conrad, 42–43
Gross, Otto, 20
Gross, Walter, 55, 144, 150, 154–55, 177, 225, 245
Grossman, Walter, 252–53
Gründgens, Gustav, 10
Grüninger, Paul, 303, 392
Grynszpan, Herschel, 207, 268, 280, 301–2
Gundlach, Gustav, 251
Günther, Hans F. K., 64, 119, 150
Gürtner, Franz, 29, 124–25, 135, 139
Gustloff, Wilhelm, 181–82, 236
Gütt, Arthur, 149
Gutteridge, Richard, 189–90
Gypsies, 153, 203, 204–5, 246
Haavarah Agreement (1933), 62–63, 170, 237, 238, 315, 349
Haber, Fritz, 51, 52, 130–31, 364
Hagen, Herbert, 198, 201, 244, 270, 313
Hahn, Otto, 131, 346
Hanoch, Ilse, 202
Hartl, Albert, 198, 210, 255
Hasselbacher, Karl, 198
Hassell, Ulrich von, 278–79
Hauptmann, Gerhart, 79–80, 108
Haushofer, Albrecht and Karl, 153, 368
Health Ministry, German, 205, 208
Hebrew language, 165, 217
Heene, Heinrich, 125
Hefelmann, Hans, 254
Heidegger, Elfride, 53
Heidegger, Martin, 52–55, 212
Heidelberg University, 51, 52, 54–55, 56
Heim, Susanne, 247
Heisenberg, Werner, 193–94
Heissmeyer, August, 128
Helbronner, Jacques, 220–21
Heldenplatz (Bernhard), 239–40
Helldorf, Count Wolf Heinrich, 261, 289
Heller, Abraham, 191, 379–80
Henlein, Konrad, 200, 255
Hergt, Oskar, 105
Hess, Rudolf, 24, 55, 116, 133, 139, 150, 151, 153, 155, 161, 185, 191, 291, 368
Hevesy, Georg von, 53
Heydrich, Reinhard, 3, 63, 128–29, 137, 140–41, 154, 165, 186, 194, 198, 200, 201, 210, 219, 242, 245, 261, 263, 267, 274, 275–76, 281, 282, 283, 285, 289, 304, 313, 314, 319
as SD and Sipo head, 195
Heymann, Berthold, 37
Hilberg, Raul, 258, 341, 348
Hilferding, Rudolf, 108
Hilgard, Eduard, 281
Himmler, Heinrich, 17, 182, 194, 196, 204, 206, 243, 245, 246, 255, 267, 272–73, 274, 285, 292, 312, 314, 359
named head of German police, 179, 194–95
Hindenburg, Paul von, 16, 20, 28, 35–36, 111, 115
Hinkel, Hans, 9, 12, 66, 136, 350
Hintze, Hedwig, 190
Hirsch, Caesar, 37
Hirsch, Otto, 60, 61
Hirschberg, Alfred, 61