Nazi Germany and the Jews, Volume 01: The Years of Persecution
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of Gypsies in Germany, 205
of Italian Jews, 250
of Mischlinge, 150–51, 367
of Polish Jews, 186, 217, 266–67, 352–53
Preussische Zeitung, 57
Priestley, J. B., 332–33
Prinz, Arthur, 110
Prinz, Hermann, 126
Prinz, Joachim, 15–16, 146
Propaganda Ministry, German, 9, 10, 32–33, 61, 67, 117, 136, 321, 328
Property Transfer Office, 242, 243
“Propositions on the Aryan Question” (Niemöller), 45, 344
Protestant churches, Protestants, 107, 138, 209–10, 326
anti-Semitism and, 41–42, 43–46, 47, 59–60, 83, 189–90, 339–40
Nuremberg Laws and, 163, 164
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 94–95, 217, 303, 356, 357, 372
Prussian Academy of the Arts, 10–11, 12
Prussian Confessing Synod, 163
Prussian Evangelical Church, 44
psychoanalysis, 193, 343
public facilities and transportation, Jews banned from use of, 36–37, 122–23, 126–27, 138, 161, 166–67, 229, 230–31, 281–82, 285
public opinion, on Nazi anti-Jewish policies, 3, 4, 18, 22, 68, 69–70, 125–26, 162–67, 289, 294–98, 323–24, 331–32
publishing industry, Jews in, 24–25, 79–80, 130, 337
Raabe, Peter, 132
race:
Jews as, 118–20, 151–55
see also anti-Semitism, racial; blacks
Rachkovsky, Piotr, 94
Racial Manifesto, 250
Rafelsberger, Walter, 243, 245, 247
Randall, A. W. G., 299
Rapp, Alfred, 159–60
Rassenschande (race defilement), 159, 161–62, 163, 254, 325–26, 369–70
Rath, Ernst vom, 207, 236, 268, 271, 273, 274, 278, 279, 280, 292, 302, 387
Rathenau, Walther, 74, 75, 94, 108, 130, 356
refugees, Jewish, 248–49, 263–68, 299–305, 315
Reich Association of German Writers, 11
Reich Association of Jewish War Veterans, 15
Reich Board for Economic Management, 247
Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration, 319
Reich Chamber of Culture (RKK), 11, 32, 118, 131
Reich Flag Law, 142, 148
Reich Institute for the History of New Germany, Jewish Section of, 191–92, 227
Reich Labor Exchange, 319
Reich Office for Ancestry Research, 135–36
Reich Physicians’ Chamber, 258
Reichsbank, 25, 62, 315
Reichskulturkammer, 136–37, 365
Reichstag, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 28, 70, 74, 100, 105, 106, 308
Reichsvereinigung, 318
Reichswehr, 147
Reinhardt, Max, 12, 252
Religious Affairs Ministry, German, 326
Renteln, Theodor Adrian von, 19
Research Institute on the Jewish Question, 286
resorts, Jews banned from, 127, 139, 143, 227, 282
Revisionists, 304
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 223, 265, 267, 280, 300, 301, 315
right-wing movements, East European, 215
Ritter, Gerhard, 54, 297
Ritter, Robert, 205
ritual murder, 123–24
RKK (Reich Chamber of Culture), 11, 32, 118, 131
Road into the Open, The (Schnitzler), 81
Röhm, Ernst, 114, 206
Romania, 215, 263
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 21, 180–81, 248, 299, 311
Rosenberg, Alfred, 109, 131–33, 182, 183, 184, 192, 232n 253, 255, 256, 364, 372
Rosenfeld, Arnold, 41
Rosenfelder, Fritz, 37
Rothenberg, Franz, 243
Rothmund, Heinrich, 264
Rothschild archives, 255
Rothschild family, 260
Rublee, George, 249, 315, 316
Rumbold, Sir Horace, 68–69
Rundschau, 24, 25
Ruppin, Arthur, 64–65
Russia, Imperial, 81, 93, 218, 352–53
Russian Revolution, 2, 90, 94
Rust, Bernhard, 50, 57, 131, 252, 258, 284, 293, 298
Ruthen, Rudolf aus den, 195, 196
SA (Storm Troopers, Sturmabteilung), 20, 56, 253, 259, 286, 359, 388–89
anti-Jewish violence committed by, 18, 19, 23, 41, 111, 137, 138, 242, 243, 269–70, 273–74, 278, 387
execution of members of, 111
murder of leaders of, 114–15, 137, 147, 206, 207
St. Louis, 299–300
Salengro, Roger, 223
Salzburg Festival, 252
Sarrault, Albert, 178
Schacht, Hjalmar, 24, 25, 69, 139, 140, 146, 179, 224, 236, 288, 315, 350
Schiff, Jacob, 230
Schillings, Max von, 11, 12
Schlatter, Adolf, 165–66
Schlegelberger, Franz, 29, 341
Schleicher, Hugo, 231
Schleicher, Kurt von, 110–11
Schlösser, Rainer, 67, 134
Schloss Wetterstein (Wedekind), 108
Schmitt, Carl, 54, 55, 192–93, 212, 374
Schmitthenner, Paul, 293
Schmitz, Oskar A. H., 44
Schnitzler, Arthur, 81, 130
Scholder, Klaus, 42, 47–48
Scholem, Gershom, 9
schools, Jews in, 30–31, 38, 149, 157, 168, 227, 256–57, 284–85, 298, 379
Schröder, Kurt, 198
Schüler, Winfried, 89
Schuschnigg, Kurt von, 239, 242
Schwarz, Ernst, 26
Schwarze Korps, Das, 122, 193, 195, 206, 209, 292, 312, 313, 314
schweigsame Frau, Die (Strauss), 131–32
Schweitzer, Hans, 104
Schwörer, Victor, 53
scientific research, 374
SD (Sicherheitsdienst), 3, 48, 63, 133, 139, 140, 167, 195, 233, 235, 255, 266, 270, 271, 291, 295, 304, 317, 318, 327, 359, 387
card index project of, 199
Jewish organizations investigated by, 199–201
reorganization of, 187–98, 374–75
Section II 112 (Jewish section) of, 135, 198–202, 210, 244, 245, 254, 261, 313
Second Reich, see Germany, Imperial
Security Police (Sipo), 195
Selz, Otto, 18
Senator, Werner, 61
Senger, Valentin, 323
Seraphim, Peter-Heinz, 186–87
Sereny, Gitta, 296
Serkin, Rudolf, 10
Seton-Watson, R. W., 93
sexual intercourse, definition of, 158–59
Sherrill, Charles, 181
Shirer, William L., 169
Siedler, Wolf Jobst, 296
Simon, Ernst, 75, 169
Simon, Hans, 296
Simon, Sir John, 68
Singer, Kurt, 65–66, 136
Sipo (Security Police), 195
“Situation of the Jews in Russia from the Revolution of March 1917 to the Present, The” (Heller), 191
Six, Franz Albert, 198, 199, 255, 313
Slawoj-Skladkowski, Felician, 218
Social Democratic Party, German, 74, 75, 76, 93, 106, 338, 356
socialism, 93
Socialist Party, German, 115, 138
SOPADE reports of, 138, 139, 253, 295, 302, 323
Solmssen, Georg, 33
Sommer, Walther, 225
SOPADE reports, 138, 139, 253, 295, 302, 323, 383–84
Soviet Union, 4, 185, 263, 265, 330
anti-Semitism in, 103, 186, 214
see also Russia, Imperial; Russian Revolution
Spanish Civil War, 178, 183, 184
Spartacists, 91
Spectator (London), 248
Speer, Albert, 260–61, 296
Spinoza, Baruch, 54, 256
Spitzemberg, Baroness Hildegard von, 79–80
Spotts, Frederic, 14
SS, 4, 17, 76, 122, 125, 126, 137–38, 147, 166–67, 187, 193, 202–3, 205, 207, 209, 244, 246, 278, 292
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Kristallnacht and, 273, 274–75, 387
racial purity in, 195–96, 197
Security Service of, see SD
SS-Leitheft, 196–97
Stabel, Oskar, 56
Stahlecker, Franz, 244, 245, 305
Stalin, Joseph, 103, 186, 214, 330
Starhemberg, Prince Ernst Rüdiger, 242
State Department, U.S., 21
Stavisky affair, 221
Steed, Harry Wickham, 80
sterilization law, 39–40, 207–10
Stern, Fritz, 81
Stern, Hermann, 41
Stern, Kurt, 197
Stern, Susannah, 269
Stöcker, Adolf, 191
Storm Troopers, see SA
Strasser, Gregor, 19
Strauss, Leo, 54
Strauss, Richard, 9, 67, 108, 131–32
Stresemann, Gustav, 106
Stuckart, Wilhelm, 148, 152, 158–59, 224
Sturmabteilung, see SA
Stürmer, Der, 118, 123–25, 127, 128, 135
Sudetenland, 214, 249, 255, 262, 263, 265, 267, 272, 280, 311
suicide, 12, 37, 42, 73, 114, 173, 224, 239, 276, 305, 318
Supreme Court, German, 159, 276
swastika, 18, 64, 142, 238–39
swimming facilities, 122–23, 127, 138, 161, 229, 230–31, 285
Switzerland, 9, 24, 26, 114, 181, 206, 236, 245, 263–65, 266, 303
Szamuely, Tibor, 93
Thannhäuser, Ludwig, 117
Three Speeches on Judaism (Buber), 118
Thule Society, 92
Times (London), 80, 95, 103, 246, 300
Tivoli program, 34
Toscanini, Arturo, 9–10, 252
“Toward Eliminating the Poison from the Jewish Question” (Prinz), 110
trade unions, abolition of, 17
Tramer, Hans, 14–15
Tübingen, University of, 50, 157–58, 165, 205
Tuchler, Kurt, 63
Tucholsky, Kurt, 172–73
Turkey, 368
Udet, Ernst, 37
Ullstein, Leopold, 65
Ullstein publishing empire, 24–25, 65, 79, 138
Umfried, Hermann, 41–42, 59
United States:
boycott of German goods in, 139
isolationism in, 213
Jewish organizations in, 21, 339
Jewish refugees and, 248, 299–300
relations between Nazi Germany and, 20, 300–301, 309, 310
universities, Jews in, 30–31, 36–37, 49–60, 145, 149, 157–58, 218, 228–29, 285, 293, 345–48, 379–80
Vallat, Xavier, 222
Vatican:
Concordat signed between Hitler and, 46–47, 48–49, 69, 70
see also Catholic Church, Catholics
Verschuer, Otmar von, 32
Vichy government of France, 220, 222, 302
Vienna, 11, 80, 96, 239, 241, 243, 244, 245, 255, 266, 353–54
Völkischer Beobachter, 22, 30, 141, 143, 246, 249, 271, 280
Wagener, Otto, 19, 359
Wagner, Adolf, 139–40
Wagner, Cosima, 88, 89, 90
Wagner, Gerhard, 20, 148, 149
Wagner, Richard, 67, 87–89, 90, 252, 355, 372
Wagner, Robert, 51
Wagner, Winifred, 14
Walter, Bruno, 9
Warburg, Max, 26, 65, 74–75, 170, 321
Warburg, Otto, 51–52, 153
Wasserstein, Bernard, 304
Wassermann, Jakob, 109–10, 130
Wassermann, Oskar, 25, 42
Webster, Nesta, 90–91
Wedekind, Frank, 108
Wehrmacht, 115, 117, 137, 153, 177, 236, 241, 265, 291, 304, 330
Weise, Georg, 50
Weiss, Bernhard, 104
Weissler, Friedrich, 190
Weizmann, Chaim, 170, 313
Weizsäcker, Ernst von, 238, 316
Weltsch, Robert, 129–30, 349
Wenn ich der Kaiser wär (Class), 34
Werfel, Franz, 11–12
Westdeutscher Beobachter, 122, 219
Wiedemann, Fritz, 117, 143
Wiese, Benno von, 55
Willstätter, Richard, 347
“Will the Jew Be Victorious Over Us?” (Schlatter), 165–66
Wilson, Hugh R., 261, 299, 316
Winter, Karl, 256
Wise, Stephen, 180–81, 217
Wisliceny, Dieter, 198
Wohlthat, Helmut, 315
women, victimization of, 369
World of Yesterday, The (Zweig), 81
World Revolution (Webster), 90–91
World War I, 2, 90, 309
Jewish military service in, 15, 16, 28, 29, 55, 58, 61, 73–75, 117, 292–93
World War II, 366
outbreak of, 330–31
prelude to, 177–78, 304–5, 311
World Zionist Organization, 170, 313
Wurm, Alois, 43
Würzburg, 104–5, 161
Yiddish, 37, 217, 218
Yishuv, 63, 65, 170
Zionist Federation for Germany, 21
Zionist Organization, 61, 63, 64
Zionist Pioneer, 61
Zionist Rundschau, 244
Zionists, Zionism, 15, 61–65, 78, 93, 119, 141, 151, 165, 167–68, 170, 198, 201, 217, 270, 304
Zionist Youth Emigration Organization, 55
Zöberlein, Hans, 122
Zschintsch, Werner, 252
Zweig, Arnold, 9, 65, 171, 172
Zweig, Stefan, 81, 131–32
About the Author
Born in Prague, SAUL FRIEDLÄNDER spent his boyhood in Nazi-occupied France. He now divides his time between professorships at Tel Aviv University and UCLA. He has written many other books on Nazi Germany and World War II, including a moving personal memoir, When Memory Comes.
Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins author.
MORE PRAISE FOR
NAZI GERMANY AND THE JEWS
“Saul Friedländer announces at the beginning of this first of two volumes on Nazi Germany and the Jews that he hopes to preserve a ‘sense of estrangement’ rather than to present a ‘seamless’ historical explanation. To achieve this end, he consciously adopts a strategy of shifting perspectives, disruptive juxtapositions and layered analysis…. The result is an elegant, sophisticated and nuanced account of the years leading up to the Holocaust.”
—Christopher R. Browning, Times Literary Supplement (London)
“The merits of this work are many: it is easily the best book of a distinguished historian. It is based on a great variety of sources, published and unpublished, and the judgment of the author cannot be faulted on any major issue. It is a much-needed book at a time when this specific field has been subjected to a considerable amount of charlatanism, uniformed and wholly subjective writing. This is a very good, very important book.”
—Walter Laqueur, Los Angeles Times
“In this superb volume [Friedländer] shows that, even today, a rational, measured and many-sided reinterpretation of the evidence can help us take one small step closer toward comprehending the nearly incomprehensible Holocaust.”
—Istvan Deak, New Republic
“An eminent Holocaust historian gives voice to both the perpetrators and victims of Nazi Germany’s prewar persecutions…. Eloquent, richly documented…. The exhaustive spadework makes this the richest, fullest study of its kind. The reader comes as closes as one would ever want to get to the Nazi Germany of the 1930s.”
—Kirkus Reviews
“Nazi persecution of the Jews is compellingly reenacted here in human terms as Friedländer draws on a wealth of primary source documents and unpublished archival material…. A masterful, scholarly study.”
—Publishers Weekly
“Friedländer’s ambitious and scholarly work is an important contribution to understanding why Germany, one of the most advanced nations in Europe, would embark on a systematic attempt to destroy the Jews.”
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—Booklist
“A work of remarkable lucidity and authority which will undoubtedly be referred to for years to come…. A thoughtful, detailed, responsible and readable account of a subject crucial to our understanding of the period.”
—Neil Gregor, Jewish Chronicle
“Friedländer brings perceptive interpretation to anti-Semitic persecution from 1933 to 1939. This is an authoritative book, lacing new material with the testimony of victims. Dispassionate, it still reveals a depth of understanding that only a survivor—as Friedländer is—possesses.”
—Hella Pick, The Guardian
“A remarkable synopsis of the latest research enriched by reference to a breathtaking range of documents, diaries, letters, and memoirs, that nevertheless remains anchored in the searing experience of individual men and women…it sets a benchmark for scope, lucidity and balance.”
—David Cesarani, Financial Times
“There have been many books about Nazism’s persecution of the Jews, but none as magisterial or comprehensive as this new account. Based on a wide reading of the almost unmanageable scholarly literature, and incorporating a great deal of original research, Friedländer’s book…interweaves a narrative of events with the stories of individual victims, perpetrators and bystanders.”
—Richard Evans, Sunday Telegraph
“A work whose eloquence lies in its self-control and whose strength is the calm intelligence of its approach to subject matter.”
—Anne McElvoy, The Spectator
“This will be the standard work for many years to come. Calmly, it tells its tale of horror without once hinting at the fact that the author was, as a youth, one of the Nazis’ victims. The material is so voluminous that Friedländer is selective. But it is clear to anyone familiar with his sources that he nowhere distorts his evidence.”
—Daniel Johnson, The Times (London)
“The best book now on its subject, riveting in its narrative, analysis, and details.”
—George L. Mosse, Professor Emeritus of History,
University of Wisconsin
“Saul Friedländer is the most astute, sophisticated, and stylish historian of the Holocaust working in any language today. His is a calm, rational voice in a field increasingly dominated by acrimony and unedifying publicity campaigns. Long after the latter are forgotten, Friedländer’s book, based as it is on a lifetime’s research and reflection, will be remembered as a milestone of contemporary scholarship.”