Summer of Blood: The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381
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Farringdon, Thomas 90, 112
Faversham, Kent 63
Ferrers, Sir Ralph 35, 84
Fitzalan, earl of Arundel, Richard 38, 71, 128
Fitzwalter, Sir William 197
Fitzwalter, Walter 58
Fleet Prison, London 90, 97
Fleet Street, London 35, 89, 91, 92, 93
Flemish merchants 8, 130, 155, 176, 186, 197
Fobbing, Essex 42, 46, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55
Fog, Sir Thomas 64
Fordham of Durham, Bishop 84
France: Jacquerie, 1358 9, 208; peace negotiations with England 21, 26, 27, 36, 37-8, 57, 71; raiding parties terrorise the south-east coast of England 12, 20, 26, 28; threaten invasion of England 20, 22, 26, 45, 61; war with England (Hundred Years War) 8, 12, 17-19, 20, 21, 22, 26-7, 33, 37, 38, 45, 57, 61, 71, 109, 138, 162, 194, 205, 207
Fresh, John 86
Freston, John de 185
Frindsbury, Kent 62
Froissart, John 9, 11
Garmwenton, Thomas 64
Gascony, France 18, 19, 28
Gildesburgh, Sir John 28, 30, 31, 42, 45, 46, 49, 50, 55, 58, 75
Giles (Guilden) Morden, Cambridgeshire 181
Godwot, John 62-3
Gordon, Lord 3
Gower, John 7-9, 13, 16, 85, 208
Gravele, Robert de 186
Gravesend, Kent 62
Great Yarmouth, Norfolk 186, 195
Greenwich, London 69, 77, 78
Grindcobbe, William 163, 164, 165, 166, 200
Guildhall, London 108, 129, 188
Hales, Sir Robert 43, 63, 71, 79, 83, 84, 92, 100, 101, 107, 112, 116, 117, 119, 121, 122, 127, 129, 134, 171, 190
Hales, Sir Stephen 184, 185
Harleston, Roger of 179-80, 181
Harleston, Sir John 197
Harry, Roger 57-8
Haselden, Thomas de 62
Hasilden, Thomas 181
Hauchach, John 193
Hawley, Robert 35, 135
Henry I, King 163
Henry II, King 176
Henry III, King 134
Henry of Derby (later Henry IV) 71, 116, 119, 121, 206-7
Henry VII, King 207
Henry VIII, King 205
Herring, Nicholas 62
Hertfordshire 50, 55, 70, 113, 126, 136, 164, 190
Hethe, William de 53
Highbury, London 105, 107, 111, 162, 190
Hinckford Hundred, Essex 42, 50
Holborn, London 105
Holland, John 112
Holland, earl of Kent, Thomas 71, 112, 190, 203
Hoo, Sir Richard de 64
Horn, John 86-7
Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, London 43, 97, 100-1, 105, 108
Hospital of St Katherine, London 100, 101, 102, 107
Howard, Robert 184
Hundred Years War (1337-1453) 8, 12, 17-18, 20, 21, 22, 26-7, 33, 36, 37-8, 57, 71, 94, 109, 138, 162, 194, 205, 207
see also France Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire 171, 174, 178, 181, 195
Imperial, Janus 36, 38-9
Imworth, Marshal Richard 72, 74, 92, 133-6, 143
Ireland 28
Isle of Sheppey, Kent 62
Isle of Wight 21
Jean of France, King 18, 19
Joan of Kent, queen mother 70, 112, 113, 116, 119, 121, 130, 131, 162
John of Cambridge 172
John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster 37, 54;
Church, attitude towards 32, 34; City of London, relationship with 22, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 58, 72-3, 87, 108; Hawley affair 35, 84, 135; Henry Percy and 189; isolation from rebellion 189; John Wycliff, support for 32, 34-5; negotiates peace treaty with Scotland 27, 36, 37-8, 57, 71, 189; Parliament, 1380, role in 27, 29, 35, 38; personality 20, 22, 27, 33, 34-5; rebels target property and supporters of 58, 60, 62, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94-6, 100, 108, 119, 121, 122, 127, 136, 171, 177, 184, 187; Regent-elect 22; Richard II and 162, 188-9, 202, 206; Savoy Palace attacked and burnt 89, 90, 93, 94-6, 100, 108; unpopularity 20, 22, 27, 33, 34-5, 58, 60, 62, 87, 89, 90, 93, 94-6, 100, 171; war with France and 20
John of Greenfield 136
‘The Just Reward of Rebels’ 210
Kent 2, 3, 160, 161, 166, 167; birth of revolt within 52-4, 57, 59-63, 64, 65, 75; Blackheath, Kent rebels camped on 69, 70, 78, 118; London, Kent rebels enter 85-90, 91, 94; serfdom within 81-2; Smithfield, Kent rebels at see Smithfield; Clerkenwell Field, Kent rebels at see Clerkenwell; pacification of 151-5, 160, 162, 190, 196, 202, 203; reaction of Kent rebels to death of Wat Tyler 151-5; radical rebel element from within 126-31, 137, 163; see also under individual town or village
Ker, Abel 52-4, 55, 65, 73
Ket, Robert 3
Keye, Walter ate 129
King’s Lynn, Norfolk 171
Kirkby, John 36, 38, 39
Knighton, Henry 33, 41, 45, 47, 167, 173, 175, 177
Knights Hospitallers 63, 83, 92, 99-100, 181
Knights Templar 92
Knolles, Sir Robert 109, 110, 112, 120, 137, 138, 153, 160
Kybyte, William 187, 188
La Royal (Queen’s Wardrobe), London 130, 136
labour laws, English, 14th century 2, 10-11, 14-17, 114-15, 207
Lambeth, London 74, 78, 79
Langley, earl of Cambridge, Edmund 20, 43, 71
Launde, Robert 71, 155, 159-60
le Spencer, bishop of Norwich, Henry 167
legal system, English, 14th century: labour laws, English, 14th century 2, 10-11, 14-17, 114-15, 207; lower orders and 4, 11, 15, 17, 51, 57; rebel attacks upon 57, 65, 74, 75, 82, 89, 90, 92-3, 98-9, 103, 108, 121, 131, 132-6, 172, 177, 178, 179, 187 see also courts
Legge, John 44, 84, 119, 121, 122, 127
Leggett, Emma 99
Leggett, Roger 97, 98-9, 134
Leicester 168, 171, 177
Leicestershire 3, 168, 171, 177
Lesnes Abbey, Kent 53, 54
Liston, Suffolk 131
Litster, Geoffrey 166, 170, 171, 173, 177, 184-5, 186-7, 194, 195
Lominor, Henry 185
London: 2, 77-8; City of London, relationship between John of Gaunt and 22, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 72-3; City of London relationship with crown and government 21, 22, 28, 29; Londoners join rebellion 57-8, 72-3, 86-90, 95, 98; merchant power within 21, 22, 28, 29, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 72-3; Mile End meeting between rebels and king 111-17; pacification of 151-5, 160-6, 175-7, 188; rebels advance on 66, 69-70; rebels enter 1, 86-90, 91-6; rebels rampage through 91-6, 97-107, 125-31, 133-9; Smithfield meeting between rebels and king 141-55 see also under individual area, building and street
London Bridge 1, 72, 84, 86, 87-8, 90, 128, 130, 144
lordship, English system of 2, 5, 10-17, 25, 30-2, 41, 42, 50, 51, 53, 62, 64, 81-2, 105, 108, 114-15, 137, 146, 147, 163, 164, 177, 196, 199, 208
Lud, King 89
Ludgate, London 35, 89, 90, 96, 128
Lyons, Richard 20, 130-1
Macaulay, G. C. 9
Magna Carta, 1215 3, 25
Maidstone, Kent 60, 61, 62, 72, 151
Mandeville, Thomas 58
Manningtree, Essex 129
Marshalsea prison, London 72, 74, 90
Mary I, Queen 209
Medmenham, William 64
merchants, London: attacks upon 1, 8, 129-31, 155, 176, 186, 197; closeness to king 1 108-9, 110, 111, 128, 137, 138, 139, 155, 159-60; Flemish in London 1, 8, 129-30, 155, 176, 186, 197; John of Gaunt and 22, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 58, 72-3, 87, 108; loans to government 21, 28, 29; power of 20, 21, 22, 28, 29, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 72-3, 108-9, 110, 111, 128, 137, 138, 139, 155, 159-60; power of retribution handed to 159-60, 161; reaction to rebellion 108-9, 110, 111, 128, 137, 138, 139, 142, 143, 144, 145, 151, 152, 153 see also Walworth, Mayor of London, Sir William
Middlesex 129, 136, 160
Mile End, London 78, 111-16, 117, 119, 120, 126, 127, 128, 137, 138, 139, 142, 145, 146, 147, 150, 160, 162, 163, 165, 189, 192, 193, 197, 203, 204
Mirour de l’omme (Gower) 9<
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Montagu (Montacute), earl of Salisbury, William 71, 79, 83, 101, 110, 111, 120
Morley, Sir Thomas 184, 185, 187
Mortimer, Roger 205
Mousehold Heath, Norfolk 184, 185, 194, 200
New Temple, London 92-3, 100, 142
Newgate prison, London 96, 188
Newgate, London 96, 141, 188
Newton, Sir John 59, 62, 72, 82-3, 151
Norfolk 136, 167, 171, 173, 177, 184, 187, 189, 190, 194
Norman Conquest 12, 17, 29, 134
North Walsham, Norfolk 186, 194
Northampton, Northamptonshire 25-32, 42, 43, 79, 200
Norwich, Norfolk 170, 173, 177, 179, 182, 184, 185, 186, 193, 194
Offa, King 164, 165
Ordinance of Labourers, 1349 14
Osgrave, Sir Thomas 62
Oswald, St 172
Osyth Priory, Essex 41
Ouse, River, Sussex 178
Oxfordshire 3
Paine, Thomas 210
Parliament, English: 1351 14-15; 1363 16; 1376, Good 19-20; 1378, Gloucester 35; 1380, Northampton 25-32, 42, 43; 1381 206, 207; 1387 Merciless 205
Paston, Clement 13
Peasants’ Revolt, 1381 1, 8-9; appearance/sound of 1, 4-5, 7, 8, 88-90, 91-2, 103, 112-14, 128, 133, 142, 145; birth of 45-7, 49-50; Blackheath, gathering on 66, 69-70, 71-2, 74, 75, 84, 85, 86, 118; bloodthirsty nature of 1, 3, 4, 7, 51, 56, 64, 65, 75, 98-9, 107, 113-14, 126-31, 136, 143, 155, 171-2, 185; causes, myriad 4; Church, attitude towards 1, 61, 62, 63, 64, 74-6, 79, 80-1, 83, 84, 92-3, 98-9, 105, 108, 116, 117-19, 121-4, 126-7, 134-6, 137, 143, 147, 150, 154, 164, 170, 171-4, 199, 204, 210; conservative nature of 116, 163, 165, 207; demands/aims of 51, 83-4, 102, 114-15, 145, 146-7, 149-50, 163, 193, 195-6, 203, 204, 207, 208; discipline among 75, 83, 89, 114, 126, 133, 142, 197; first band of rebels 45-7, 49-50; Flemish merchants, murder of 1, 8, 129-30, 155, 176, 186, 197; gentry, sympathisers within/recruits from within 53, 64, 86-7, 171, 177, 184-5, 187, 191; government/crown reaction to 101, 108-10, 112-16, 128, 137-9, 151-5, 159-205; hostages/kidnappings 53, 59-60, 72, 75, 82-3, 137, 151; ideology of 51, 60, 83-4, 88-90, 91-2, 95, 98, 103, 112-13, 126-31, 137, 163, 189-90; jail breaks 59, 61, 65, 72, 89, 91, 96, 97, 164, 186, 188, 191; king, reverence for 72, 101, 112-13, 114; king negotiates with 66, 70-2, 73-4, 75, 77, 78, 79-80, 82-4, 101-3, 112-16, 137-9, 141-7, 149-54; leadership 50, 52-3, 59, 60-1, 73, 85-6, 107, 177 see also under individual leader name; legacy of 207-11; legal profession, attacks upon 57, 65, 74, 75, 82, 89, 90, 92-3, 98-9, 103, 108, 121, 131, 132-6, 172, 177, 178, 179, 187; London, entry of rebels into 86-90, 91-6; London, government pacification of 151-5, 160-6, 175-7, 188; Londoners join 57-8, 72-3, 86-90, 95, 98, 128; looting forbidden 95, 98; meeting of, Whitsunday, 1831, Bocking, Essex 51; lordship, attack on system of 2, 5, 10-17, 25, 30-2, 41, 42, 50, 51, 53, 62, 64, 81-2, 105, 108, 114-15, 137, 146, 147, 163, 164, 177, 196, 199, 208; Mile End meeting with king, 14th June, 1831 111-16, 119, 120-1, 123-4, 126, 128, 137, 139, 146, 147, 150, 160, 162, 163, 203, 204; naming of 3, 10, 211; organisation/structure of 2, 3, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 61, 74-5, 93, 95, 98, 112-13, 126-31, 189-90; pacification of/counter-terror 2-3, 159-206; petty rivalry and jealousy enter 2, 112-13, 129; political consciousness of 3, 207, 208; radical wing of 126-31, 137, 163, 189-90; rebellious tradition, effect on birth of English 3, 207, 208-11; recruitment 50, 51-2, 53, 54, 55, 82-3, 105-7, 137, 151, 184-5, 187; representations of 8-9, 208-11; Rotherhithe meeting with king, 13th June, 1381 66, 70-2, 73-4, 75, 77, 78, 79-80, 82-4, 113, 118; Smithfield, meeting with king, 15th June, 1831 at 138-9, 141-7, 149-54; sources for story of 3-4, 7-10; split in ranks after Mile End meeting 126-31; ‘summer games’ nature of 42, 73, 74-5, 185, 187; targets of 51, 53, 83-4, 92, 101, 112-13, 120-4, 130-1, 133-6, 185; Tower Hill gathering of 107-8, 112-13, 114, 118-24; Wat Tyler’s death, reaction to 151-5
Percy, earl of Northumberland, Henry 37, 189, 202, 203
Percy, Sir Thomas 112, 166, 197
Perrers, Alice 19-20
Peterborough, Cambridgeshire 172, 173, 178, 181, 186
Philipot, Sir John 29, 35, 38, 39-40, 71, 108-9, 110, 137, 138, 142, 153, 155, 159-60, 161
plague 8, 13-15, 19, 42
Plessington, Sir Robert 84
Poitiers, battle of, 1356 18
poll taxes see taxation
Portugal 43, 71
Preston, John 192-3, 195-6
Priory of St John of Jerusalem, London 99–100, 101, 142
Prittlewell Senior, John 54
Queenhithe, London 88, 136
Rainham, Kent 54
Raven, Thomas 129
Redyng, John 128
Richard of Bordeaux see Richard II, King
Richard II, King 34, 43, 55, 102-3, 105, 108, 109, 110, 111, 128, 166 abdication 206; accession 20, 54, 79; appeasement of rebels, policy of 101-3, 108-10, 111, 115-16, 137, 142, 150; Blackheath, arranges to meet rebels at 65, 66, 70-2; character 101, 162, 176, 177, 190, 200-1, 202, 204, 205-6; Chelmsford, speech to rebels at 196, 201; Clerkenwell Field, leads rebels to 152-5; counsel on reaction to rebellion 108-10, 111, 137-9; effect of rebellion upon 161-2, 200, 205; Henry of Derby and 206-7; John of Gaunt and 162, 188-9, 202-3, 206; issues commissions to bring country under control 189, 190, 192, 195; London, leaves 189, 190, 197; London, regains control over 175-7, 188; marries Anne of Bohemia 204, 205, 207; messages to rebels 101-3, 137; Mile End meeting with rebels 111-16, 126, 127-8, 137, 139, 142, 146, 150, 160, 203, 204; military reaction to rebellion, decides upon 137-9; misgovernment in name of, belief of populace in 46, 60, 83-4; pardons, issues 204-5; parliaments see Parliament; places power to hunt down rebels in hands of mayor and allies 160-6, 175-7; retribution for rebellion, directs 159-66, 175-7, 188, 190, 191, 192, 196, 197, 200-1, 202, 204, 205-6; role model for kingship, lack of effective 206; Rotherhithe, meeting with rebels at 73-4, 75, 77, 79-80, 82, 83-4, 137-9; Royal Wardrobe 127-8; Smithfield, meeting with rebels at 138-9, 141-7, 149-54, 170, 176, 203, 205; St Albans, acts to defend 165, 166; Sudbury and 78-9, 102, 116; in Tower of London 70-1, 75, 78-9, 101-3, 108-10, 111; ‘traitors’, sanctions rebels taking of 116, 120-1, 123-4, 125-6, 127; vindictiveness 162, 176, 177, 190, 191, 192, 196, 197, 200-1, 202, 204, 205-6; Walworth counsels attacking reaction to rebellion 108-10, 111, 137-9, 152-5
Rikeden, Robert 58
Rochester Castle, Rochester 59-60, 61, 62, 65, 72
Rotherhithe, Surrey 80, 82-4, 101, 113, 118
Royal Wardrobe 127-8, 143
Salisbury, earl of see Montagu, earl of Salisbury, William
Salle, Sir Robert 167, 173, 185
Savoy Palace, London 1, 2, 8, 34, 35, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94-6, 97, 98, 99, 101, 125, 189
Scales, Sir Roger 184, 185
Schep, John 168
Scotland 14, 22, 26, 27, 28, 35, 36, 37, 57, 189
Scrope, Sir Richard le 203
Segrave, Sir Hugh 38, 166, 203
Segynton, Robert de 58
Septvantz, William 62, 65
serfdom 11, 16, 81-2, 115, 147, 193, 207, 208
serjeants-at-arms 44, 84
Sewale, Sir John 45, 46, 51, 58, 62
Shakespeare, William 209-10
Shirley, John 201, 202
Sir Thomas More (Shakespeare) 209-10
Sittingbourne, Kent 62