The Great Shift

by James L. Kugel

  Redford, D. B. 1970. A Study of the Biblical Story of Joseph (Genesis 37–50). Leiden: Brill.

  Reed, A. Yoshiko. 2008. “Pseudepigraphy, Authorship, and the Reception of ‘the Bible’ in Late Antiquity.” In The Reception and Interpretation of the Bible in Late Antiquity, edited by L. DiTommaso and L. Turcescu, 467–90. Leiden: Brill.

  Regev, E. n.d. “Temple and Righteousness in Qumran and Early Christianity: Tracing the Social Difference Between the Two Movements.” Available at: booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/books/10.1163/ej.9789004175242.i=326.18.

  Reif, S. 2002. “Prayer in Ben Sira, Qumran, and Second Temple Judaism.” In Ben Sira’s God, edited by R. Egger-Wenzel. Berlin: De Gruyter.

  ———. 2006. Problems with Prayers: Studies in the Textual History of Early Rabbinic Liturgy. Berlin: De Gruyter.

  Reiner, E., ed. 1984. Chicago Assyriological Dictionary. Vol. 15 (“S”). Chicago: University of Chicago.

  Reiterer, F. 1999. “Die immateriallen Ebenen der Schoepfung bei Ben Sira.” In Calduch-Benages and Vermeylen (1999), 91–127.

  Renaut, A. 1997. The Era of the Individual: A Contribution to a History of Subjectivity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

  Rendsburg, G. 1990. Linguistic Evidence for the Northern Origin of Selected Psalms. Atlanta: Scholars Press.

  ———. 2003. “A Comprehensive Guide to Israelian Hebrew: Grammar and Lexicon.” Orient 38: 5–35.

  Rey, J.-S., et al. 2016. Rethinking the Boundaries of Sapiential Traditions in Ancient Judaism. Third International Symposium on Jewish and Christian Literature from the Hellenistic and Roman Period. Leiden, Brill.

  Reynolds, K. A. 2010. Torah as Teacher. Leiden: Brill.

  Rhu, L. 1990. “After the Middle Ages: Authority and Human Fallibility in Renaissance Epic.” In Kugel (1990d), 163–84.

  Ringgren, H. 1961. Israelite Religion. London: SPCK.

  Rips, L. J. 2008. “Causal Thinking.” In Reasoning: Studies of Human Inference and Its Foundation, edited by J. E. Adler and L. J. Rips, 597–631. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Robinson, H. W. 1964. Corporate Personality in Ancient Israel. Philadelphia: Fortress.

  Rogerson, J. W. 1989. “Anthropology and the Old Testament.” In The World of Ancient Israel, edited by R. E. Clements, 17–37. New York: Cambridge University Press.

  Roitman, A., et al. 2010. The Dead Sea Scrolls and Contemporary Culture: Proceedings of the International Conference Held at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem (July 6–8, 2008). Leiden: Brill.

  Rollston, C. R. 2010. Writing and Literacy in the World of Ancient Israel: Epigraphic Evidence from the Iron Age. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.

  Rose, N. 1996. Inventing Our Selves: Psychology, Power, and Personhood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Rosen-Zvi, I. 2006. “Bilhah the Temptress: The Testament of Reuben and ‘The Birth of Sexuality.’” Jewish Quarterly Review 96: 65–94.

  ———. 2011. Demonic Desires: Yetzer Hara and the Problem of Evil in Late Antiquity. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

  Rotenstreich, N. 1998. On Faith. Edited by P. Mendes-Flohr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  Roth, M. 1997. Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor. Atlanta: Scholars Press.

  Rowland, C. 2010. “Prophecy and the New Testament.” In Prophets and Prophecy in Ancient Israel, edited by J. Day, 410–28. New York: T&T Clark.

  Rubenstein, J. L. 1995. The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods. Atlanta: Scholars Press.

  Ruchames, L., ed. 1971. A House Dividing Against Itself. Vol. 2 of The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

  Ruel, M. 1982. “Christians as Believers.” In Religious Organization and Religious Experience, edited by J. Davis, 9–31. London: Academic Press.

  Ruger, H. P. 1970. Text und Textform im Hebraeischen Sirach. Berlin: De Gruyter.

  Rüpke, Jörg, ed. 2013. The Individual in the Religions of the Ancient Mediterranean. New York: Oxford University Press.

  Sanders, J. A., ed. 1965. The Psalms Scroll of Qumran Cave 11. (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert 4.) Oxford: Clarendon.

  ———, ed. 1967. The Dead Sea Psalms Scroll. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

  ———. 2003. “The Modern History of the Qumran Psalms Scroll and Canonical Criticism.” In Emanuel: Studies in the Hebrew Bible, the Septuagint, and Dead Sea Scrolls in Honor of Emanuel Tov, edited by S. M. Paul et al., 393–411. Boston: Brill.

  Sankararaman, S., et al. 2012. “The Date of Interbreeding Between Neandertals and Modern Humans.” PLoS Genetics 8: e-1002947.

  Sarna, N. 1979. “The Psalm Superscriptions and the Guilds.” In Studies in Jewish Religious and Intellectual History: Presented to Alexander Altmann on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday, edited by S. Stein and R. Loewe. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.

  Savran, G. W. 2005. Encountering the Divine: Theophany in Biblical Narrative. New York: T&T Clark.

  Schams, C. 1998. Jewish Scribes in the Second Temple Period. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.

  Schaper, J. 2006. “The Death of the Prophet: The Transition from the Spoken to the Written Word of God in the Book of Ezekiel.” In Floyd and Haak (2006), 63–79.

  Schiffman, L. H. 1975. The Halakhah at Qumran. Leiden: Brill.

  ———. 1991. From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism. Hoboken, NJ: Ktav.

  ———, et al. 2003. The Dead Sea Scrolls, 50 Years After Their Discovery: Proceedings of the Jerusalem Congress, July 20–25, 1997. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.

  Schuller, E. 1986. Non-Canonical Psalms from Qumran. Atlanta: Scholars Press.

  ———. 1990. “Some Observations of Blessings on God in Texts from Qumran.” In Of Scribes and Scrolls, edited by H. Attridge et al., 133–43. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

  ———. 1994: “Prayer, Hymnic and Liturgical Texts from Qumran.” In The Community of the Renewed Covenant: The Notre Dame Symposium on the Dead Sea Scrolls, edited by E. Ulrich and J. C. VanderKam, 153–71. Notre Dame, IN: Notre Dame University Press.

  ———. 2006. “Prayers and Psalms from the Pre-Maccabean Period.” Dead Sea Discoveries 13: 306–18.

  Schuster, R. 2015. “Discovery in Israel Pushes Back Dawn of Agriculture to 23,000 Years Ago.” Haaretz, July 23.

  Schwartz, B. 1996. “The Priestly Account of the Theophany and Lawgiving at Mount Sinai.” In Texts, Temples and Traditions: A Tribute to Menahem Haran, edited by M. V. Fox et al., 103–34. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

  Schwartz, S. 1990. Josephus and Judean Politics. Leiden: Brill.

  Scott, R. B. Y. 1971. The Way of Wisdom. New York: Macmillan.

  Seeligman, I. L. 1963. “Menschliches Heldentum und Göttliches Hilfe.” Theologische Zeit-schrift 19: 385–411.

  Segal, M. 2007. The Book of Jubilees: Rewritten Bible, Redaction, Ideology and Theology. Leiden: Brill.

  Segal, M. 2011. “The Chronological Conception of the Persian Period in Daniel 9.” Journal of Ancient Judaism 2: 283–303.

  Segal, M. H. 1972. The Complete Book of Ben Sira. Jerusalem: Bialik Institute.

  Septimus, B. 2004. “Iterated Quotation Formulae in Talmudic Narrative and Exegesis.” In The Idea of Biblical Interpretation, edited by H. Najman and J. H. Newman, 371–98. Leiden: Brill.

  Shaked, S. 1984. “Iranian Influence on Judaism: First Century BCE to Second Century CE.” In Cambridge History of Judaism, edited by W. Horbury et al., 1:308–25. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  ———. 1994. Dualism in Transition. London: SOAS.

  Shapiro, L. 2011. Embodied Cognition. Oxford: Routledge.

  Shulman, D., and G Stroumsa. 2002. Self and Self Transformation in the History of Religions. New York: Oxford University Press.

  Shupak, N. 2016. “No Man Is Born Wise”: Ancient Egyptian Wisdom and Its Contact with Biblical Literature. Jerusalem: Bialik Institute. />
  Shwarzman, O. 2007. White Doctor, Black Gods. Tel Aviv: Aryeh Nir.

  Simons Genome Diversity Project. 2016. “300 Genomes from 142 Diverse Populations.” Nature 21 (September).

  Smith, D. E. 2015. “The Divining Snake: Reading Genesis 3 in the Context of Mesopotamian Ophiomancy.” Journal of Biblical Literature 134: 31–49.

  Smith, M. S. 2002. The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

  ———. 2015. “The Three Bodies of God in the Hebrew Bible.” Journal of Biblical Literature 134: 471–84.

  Snell, B. 1960. The Discovery of the Mind in Greek Philosophy and Literature. New York: Harper.

  Sommer, B. 1996. “Did Prophecy Cease?: Evaluating a Reevaluation.” Journal of Biblical Literature 115: 31–47.

  ———. 1998. A Prophet Reads Scripture: Allusion in Isaiah 40–66. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

  ———. 2009. The Bodies of God and the World of Ancient Israel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  ———. 2015. “Nature, Revelation, and Grace in Psalm 19: Towards a Theological Reading of Scripture.” Harvard Theological Review 108: 376–401.

  Sommer, I. E., et al. 2010. “Healthy Individuals with Auditory Verbal Hallucinations; Who Are They? Psychiatric Assessments of a Selected Sample of 103 Subjects.” Schizophrenia Bulletin 36: 633–41.

  Spiro, M. 1993. “Is the Western Conception of the Self ‘Peculiar’ Within the Context of the World Cultures?” Ethos 21: 312–28.

  Stager, L. 1985. “The Archaeology of the Family in Ancient Israel.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 260: 1–35.

  Starr, C. 1986. Individual and Community: The Rise of the Polis, 800-500 BC. New York: Oxford University Press.

  Stavrakopoulo, F., and J. Barton, ed. 2010. Religious Diversity in Ancient Israel and Judah. London: T&T Clark.

  Stead, M. R. 2009. The Intertextuality of Zechariah 1–8. New York: T&T Clark.

  Stegemann, H., and E. Schuller, eds. 2009. 1QHodayota. Translated by C. Newsom. (Discoveries in the Judean Desert 40.) Oxford: Clarendon.

  Stern, E. 2006. “The Religious Revolution in Persian-Period Judah.” In Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period, edited by O. Lipschits and M. Oeming, 199–205. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

  Stern, S. 1994. Jewish Identity in Early Rabbinic Writings. Leiden: Brill.

  Stiblitz, G. 1898. “The Old Testament Prophets as Social Reformers.” Biblical World 12: 20–28.

  Stipp, H-J. 2016. “Deutero-Jeremianic Language in the Book of Jeremiah.” In Najman and Schmid (2016).

  Stökl, J. 2012. Prophecy in the Ancient Near East: A Philological and Sociological Comparison. Leiden: Brill.

  Stone, M. 1990. Fourth Ezra. Minneapolis: Fortress.

  ———. 1991. Selected Studies in Pseudepigrapha with Special Reference to the Armenian Tradition. Leiden: Brill.

  ———. 1999. “The Axis of History at Qumran.” In Pseudepigraphic Perspectives: The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls, edited by E. Chazon and M. Stone, 133–49. Leiden: Brill.

  ———. 2006. “Pseudepigraphy Reconsidered.” Review of Rabbinic Judaism 9: 1–15.

  ———. 2011. Ancient Judaism: New Visions and Views. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

  Stout, D., and T. Chaminade. 2009. “Making Tools and Making Sense: Complex, Intentional Behaviour in Human Evolution.” Available at: http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/14327/1/14327.pdf.

  Strathern, M. 1988. The Gender of the Gift. Berkeley: University of California Press.

  Stroumsa, G. 2012. The End of Sacrifice: Religious Transformations in Late Antiquity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  Stuckenbruck, L. 2011. “The Interiorization of Dualism Within the Human Being in Second Temple Judaism: The Treatise of the Two Spirits in Its Tradition-Historical Context.” In Light Against Darkness: Dualism in Ancient Mediterranean Religion and the Contemporary World, edited by A. Lange et al., 145–68. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

  Stulman, L. 2005. Jeremiah. Nashville: Abingdon.

  Swartz, M. 2012. “Liturgy, Poetry, and the Persistence of Sacrifices.” In Was 70 CE a Watershed in Jewish History?, edited by D. R. Schwartz and Z. Weiss, 393–412. Leiden: Brill.

  Taylor, C. 1989. Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity. New York: Cambridge University Press.

  ———. 2007: A Secular Age. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

  Thomas, N., et al. 2014. “Psychological Therapies for Auditory Hallucinations (Voices): Current Status and Key Directions for Future Research.” Schizophrenia Bulletin 40, supp. 4: 202–12.

  Toeg, A. 1977. The Giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai. Jerusalem: Magnes.

  Tollington, J. E. 1993. Tradition and Innovation in Haggai and Zechariah 1–8. Sheffield: JSOT Press.

  Torrey, E. F. 1967. “The Zar Cult in Ethiopia.” International Journal of Social Psychiatry 13: 216–23.

  Trawick, M. 1992. Notes on Love in a Tamil Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press.

  Tremlin, T. 2006. Minds and Gods: The Cognitive Foundations of Religion. New York: Oxford University Press.

  Turnbull, C. 1961. The Forest People. New York: Simon & Schuster.

  ———. 1965. Wayward Servants. Garden City, NY: American Museum of Natural History.

  Ullendorf, E. 1962. “The Meaning of qhlt.” Vetus Testamentum 2: 215.

  Ulmer, R., ed. 2009. Pesiqta Rabbati: A Synoptic Edition. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

  Urbach, E. E. 1946. “When Did Prophecy Cease?” Tarbiz 17: 1–17.

  ———. 1975. The Sages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

  Van der Horst, P. W. 1998. Hellenism-Judaism-Christianity: Essays on Their Interaction. Louvain: Peeters.

  Van der Kooij, A. 2001. “The Septuagint Psalms and the First Book of Maccabees.” In The Old Greek Psalter: Studies in Honour of Albert Pietersma, edited by R. J. Hiebert, 229–47. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.

  Van der Toorn, K., ed. 1997. “The Iconic Book: Analogies Between the Babylonian Cult of Images and the Veneration of the Torah.” In The Image and the Book: Iconic Cults, Aniconism, and the Rise of Book Religion in Ancient Israel and the Near East, edited by K. Van der Toorn. Leuven: Peeters.

  ———, et al. 1998. A Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Leiden: Brill.

  ———. 2007. Scribal Culture and the Making of the Hebrew Bible. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

  Van Huyssteen, J. W., and E. P. Wiebe. 2011. In Search of Self: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Personhood. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

  Vernant, J-P., and M. Detienne. 1989. Cuisine of Sacrifice Among the Greeks. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  Vernel, H. S. 2000. “Thrice One: Three Greek Experiments in Oneness.” In Porter (2000), 79–164.

  Veyne, P. 1988. Did the Greeks Believe in Their Myths?: An Essay on the Constitutive Imagination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  Volten, A. 1992. “Der Begriff der Maat in den ägyptische Weisheitstexten.” In Leclant (1992), 77–102.

  Von Rad, G. 1958. Holy War in Ancient Israel. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

  ———. 1968. The Problem of the Hexateuch. London: SCM Press.

  ———. 1972. Wisdom in Israel. Nashville: Abingdon.

  Vuilleumier, R. 1966. “Bileam zwischen Bibel und Deir ‘Alla.” Theologische Zeitschrift 52: 150–63.

  Waerzeggers, C. 2011. “The Babylonian Priesthood in the Long Sixth Century BC.” Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 54, no. 2: 59–70.

  Walker, A., and R. Leakey. 1993. The Nariokotome Homo Erectus Skeleton. Netherlands: Springer.

  Walker, C., and M. B. Dick. 1999. “The Induction of the Cult Image in Ancient Mesopotamia: The Mesopotamian mīs-pî Ritual.” In Born in Heaven: The Making of the Cult Image in the Ancient Near East, edited by M. B. Dick. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

  Walton, J. H. 2006. Ancient N
ear Eastern Thought and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

  Watts, J. W. 1992. Psalm and Story: Inset Hymns in Hebrew Narrative. Sheffield: JSOT Press.

  ———. 2001. Persia and Torah: The Theory of Imperial Authorization of the Pentateuch. Atlanta: Scholars Press.

  Wechsler, M. G. 2000. “Two Para-Biblical Novellae from Qumran Cave 4: A Reevaluation.” Dead Sea Discoveries 7: 130–72.

  Weeks, N. 2004. Admonition and Curse: The Ancient Near Eastern Treaty/Covenant Form as a Problem in Inter-Cultural Relationships. London: T&T Clark.

  Weeks, S. 2010. An Introduction to the Study of Wisdom Literature. London: T&T Clark.

  Weidner, E. F. 1923. Politische Dokumente aus Kleinasien. Hildesheim: Olms.

  Weiger, J. G. 1979. The Individuated Self: Cervantes and the Emergence of the Individual. Columbus: Ohio University Press.

  Weinfeld, M. 1970. “The Covenant of Grant in the Old Testament and in the Ancient Near East.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 90: 184–203.

  ———. 1972. Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomic School. Oxford: Clarendon.

  ———. 1992a. “Prayer and Liturgical Practice in the Qumran Sect.” In The Dead Sea Scrolls: Forty Years of Research, edited by D. Dimant et al., 241–58. Leiden: Brill.

  ———. 1992b. “Grace After Meals in Qumran.” Journal of Biblical Literature 111: 427–40.

  Weitzman, S. 1997. Song and Story in Biblical Narrative. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

  Werman, C. 2006. “Epochs and End-Time: The 490-Year Scheme in Second Temple Literature.” Dead Sea Discoveries 13: 229–55.

  Werner, D. S. 2012. Myth and Philosophy in Plato’s Phaedrus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Wessels, J. P. H. 1984. “The Joseph Story as a Wisdom Novelette.” Old Testament Essays (NS) 2: 39–60.

  Westermann, C. 1981. Praise and Lament in the Psalms. Atlanta: John Knox.

  White, S. A. 1990. “4QDtn: Biblical Manuscript or Excerpted Text?” In Of Scribes and Scrolls: Studies on the Hebrew Bible, Intertestamental Judaism, and Christian Origins, edited by H. W. Attridge et al., 13–20. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

  White-Crawford, S. 1994. “Has Esther Been Found at Qumran?” Revue de Qumran 17: 306–25.