Guns or Butter

by Bernstein, Irving;

Cochrane, James L., 365

  Coffin, William Sloan, 413, 416, 422–23

  Cohen, Wilbur, 94, 156–58;

  and air pollution legislation, 290;

  and AMA’s opposition to Medicare, 163, 178–80;

  and child benefit theory, 188;

  comparison of Johnson’s and Roosevelt’s performance, 530;

  contributions to Johnson presidency, 530;

  criticism of Economic Opportunity Act, 113;

  at Health, Education, and Welfare, 158–59;

  and Higher Education Act, 207, 208, 210;

  on House version of Water Quality Act, 284;

  and implementation of Medicare bill, 180;

  on Javits bill, 162;

  and Kerr-Mills bill, 158;

  and passage of Medicare bill, 165–66, 170, 171–72, 175, 182;

  and 1964

  presidential campaign, 146;

  relationship with Lyndon Johnson, 159;

  relationship with Wilbur Mills, 159–60;

  and Social Security Amendments, 431–32, 433, 434–35, 436;

  task force on financing public broadcasting, 456;

  on Wilbur Mills’s Medicare position, 167

  Collins, Judy, 381

  Collins, LeRoy, 79, 229, 231, 361

  Colmer, William, 55, 109

  Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), 451—52

  Commission of Fine Arts, 440

  Commission on the Assassination of

  President John F. Kennedy (Warren Commission), 22–23

  Commission on the Humanities, 442

  Committee on Juvenile Delinquency and

  Youth Crime, 89, 96

  Committee on Racial Equality, 228

  Commons, John R., 113, 157

  Community action program, 88, 95–97, 104–5, 112, 113

  Conant, James B., 453

  Conein, Lucien, 328

  Conference on Economic Progress, 87

  Congressional Quarterly: analysis of

  Johnson’s accomplishments, 528–29

  Congress of Racial Equality, 390

  Connally, John, 11, 139, 141, 150, 487;

  enforcement of Johnson’s Vietnam

  plank at 1968 convention, 511–12

  Connell, William, 141

  Conner, John, 302

  Connor, Bull, 218

  Connor, Jack, 361;

  and minimum wage increase, 428

  Conservation movement, 265

  Constellation, 336

  Constitution of the United States of

  America: Fifteenth Amendment, 222;

  and the vice presidency, 3

  Conway, Jack T., 388

  Cooley, Harold D., 110

  Coolidge, Calvin, 248

  Cooper, Annie Lee, 220

  Cooper, John Sherman, 22, 162, 297

  Corcoran, Tom, 5

  Cordiner, Ralph, 143–44

  Cormier, Frank, 155

  Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 454, 455–56;

  funding problem, 454–57

  Cotton, Norris, 73, 77

  Council of Economic Advisers: on effect of interest rates, 367;

  inability to foresee inflation, 363–64;

  under Kennedy, 28;

  proposal for minimum wage increase, 430;

  support for surtax, 371, 375–76;

  and wage-price guideposts, 360, 427

  Council of Graduate Schools, 442

  Cox, Archibald, 23;

  and voting rights bill, 223, 237–38

  Crafts, Edward C, 269, 272

  Cramer, William C., 300, 302

  Cronkite, Walter: response to Tet offensive, 476

  Cruikshank, Nelson, 158, 160

  Curtis, Carl, 311;

  and Civil Rights Act of 1964, 73;

  and tax-cut bill, 35

  Curtis, Thomas, 168, 170

  Daley, Richard J., 392–93, 509;

  concern about impact of war, 411, 472;

  at 1968 Democratic convention, 515;

  importance to Johnson, 396;

  on Martin Luther King, 396;

  and Model Cities Act, 464;

  response to fair housing demonstrations, 398;

  response to withholding of federal funds for Chicago schools, 395–96

  Dallek, Robert, 184

  Daniel, Clifton, 411

  Davenport, Charles B., 245

  Davidson, Roger, 98

  Davies, Terry, 288

  Davis, Rennie, 512

  Davis, Sammy, Jr., 234

  Davis, Sid, 16

  Day, Dorothy, 99

  Dean, Arthur: support for disengagement in

  Vietnam, 481;

  “Wise Men” meetings, 425

  Deasy, Tim, 234

  Death Valley National Monument, 304

  DeBenedetti, Charles, 414

  DeGaulle, Charles, 325;

  warning to U.S. about Vietnam involvement, 330

  Dellinger, David, 414, 421–23, 512, 514

  DeLoach, C. D.

  “Deke,” 138, 217

  Democratic National Committee, 146

  Democratic National Convention (1964), 133, 136–39, 140–43

  Democratic National Convention, 1968: debate on Vietnam plank, 513–14;

  demonstrations, 512–13, 514–15;

  endorsement of Johnson’s Vietnam policy, 511

  Democratic party: in 1964

  elections, 169;

  in 1966 midterm elections, 410–11; 1968

  platform on Vietnam, 511; 1948

  split over civil rights bill, 44

  Democratic Republic of Vietnam. See Vietnam

  Democratic Study Group, 50

  Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan

  Development Act. See Model Cities Act

  de Murville, Couve, 341

  Dent, John, 429

  Detroit riots, 418

  Dewey, Thomas, 118

  Dexter Avenue Baptist Church (Montgomery, Ala.), 234

  Dickens, Charles, 82, 83

  Diem, Bui, 519

  Diem, Ngo Dinh, 325–26, 339

  Dillingham, William P., 247

  Dillon, Douglas, 27;

  support for disengagement in Vietnam, 481;

  and tax-cut bill, 36, 38;

  “Wise Men” meetings, 425

  Dingell, John, 297

  Dirksen, Everett, 25, 44;

  and Civil Rights

  Act of 1964, 64, 66, 67–75;

  “Dirksen substitute” to Civil Rights Act of 1964, 68–69, 72, 73, 74;

  and Medicare bill, 167;

  nomination of Goldwater, 130;

  opposition to fair housing bill, 391, 498–99;

  opposition to repeal of Section 14b of Taft-Hartley, 311–12;

  and 1968 Republican platform, 507;

  and Social Security Amendments, 435;

  and surtax bill, 373, 374;

  and tax-cut bill, 35, 37;

  and voting rights bill, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240

  Displaced Persons Act of 1953, 248, 250

  Disraeli, Benjamin, 82, 91

  District of Columbia: home rule issue, 313–14

  Doar, John, 220, 228, 233

  Dodd, Thomas J., 141, 251

  Dohrn, Bernardine, 496

  Dole, Robert, 302

  Dominick, Peter, 199, 200, 210

  Domino theory, 535

  Donahue, Maurice, 485

  Dong, Pham Van, 413

  Donohue, Harold, 255

  Donovan, Hedley W., 187

  Douglas, Lewis, 147

  Douglas, Paul H., 45–46, 60, 399, 410;

  and economic inequity, 86;

  on Hubert Humphrey, 59;

  and Medicare bill, 167, 175;

  and Model Cities Act, 463, 465;

  and tax-cut bill, 35;

  on Wilbur Cohen, 158

  Dow Chemical Company, 420

  Dow-Jones Industrial Average: after JFK assassination, 26

  Draft evasion, 536

  Drew, Elizabeth, 29
9, 301

  Dubinsky, David, 430

  DuBridge, Lee, 453

  Duhl, Leonard, 88, 89, 460

  Dulles, Allen W., 22, 332

  Dulles, John Foster, 250

  Dungan, Ralph, 20

  DuPuy, William E., 481

  Durgan, A. J., 219

  Dust Bowl, 84

  Dutton, Fred, 134, 503;

  and 1964 presidential campaign, 146

  Eastland, James O., 56, 210;

  opposition to immigration reform, 250, 252;

  and voting rights bill, 237

  Eckstein, Otto, 360;

  on aluminum price increases, 362;

  on minimum wage increase, 428;

  and price stability commission, 366–67;

  and USW wage demand, 361

  Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, 102, 103–5;

  administrative system, 112–13;

  church-state issue, 108–9;

  community action program, 104–5, 112, 113;

  Head Start issue, 109;

  House committee hearings, 107—9;

  House debate, 109–11;

  Job Corps, 103–4, 112;

  Neighborhood Youth Corps, 104, 112;

  Office of Economic Opportunity, 105;

  political problem of, 106;

  in Senate, 109–11;

  Smathers Amendment, 109;

  Title II, 189;

  Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA), 105, 112;

  work-study, 104

  Economic Report (January 1964), 92, 97

  Edmondson, Howard, 75

  Edwards, Norman, 11

  Eidenberg, Eugene, 196, 200

  Eisele, Albert, 142, 509

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 117, 118, 147;

  advice to Johnson, 23–24;

  in 1952 and 1956 elections, 6;

  and the arts, 440;

  “domino theory,” 339, 535;

  exemptions to national immigration quotas, 248;

  opposition to federal air pollution regulation, 290;

  support for Diem, 326;

  support for District of Columbia home rule, 313

  Eisenhower, Milton, 456

  Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), 188;

  aid to low-income areas, 394;

  Carey amendment, 194, 198;

  church-state controversy, 188–91;

  House committee hearings, 193–96;

  House debate, 196—97;

  Jewish ambivalence over, 197–98;

  omission of teacher salaries, 189;

  Senate committee hearings, 198–200;

  signing, 200–1

  Ellender, Allen, 240

  Ellington, Buford, 231–32

  Ellison, Ralph, 453

  Ellsberg, Daniel, 324

  Ellsworth, Oliver, 23

  Engle, Clair, 75, 76, 77

  Enquirer (Cincinnati), 151, 154

  Environmental Protection Agency, 288

  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission: on federal troops in Selma, 228

  Equal Rights Amendment, 53

  Eriksen, Erik, 333

  Ervin, Sam, 77, 200;

  and immigration reform bill, 257;

  opposition to fair housing bill, 391;

  and proposed filibuster on House AFDC amendments, 437;

  and voting rights bill, 237

  Eskridge, Chauncey, 217

  Esposito, John C., 294

  Eugenics movement, 245–46

  Eugenics Record Office, 245–46

  Evans, Elizabeth, 504

  Evans, Rowland, 415

  Evans, Walker, 84

  Ever son v. Board of Education, 189

  Pact magazine, 154

  Fair Housing Act of 1968, 498–99

  Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA): 1966

  amendments, 427—31;

  minimum wage increases, 430–31;

  Roosevelt bill, 428

  Falk, I. S., 157, 180

  Fallen, George H., 299

  Fallows, James M., 280

  Fannin, Paul, 311

  Farm Security Administration, 84

  Farmer, James, 228, 238

  Farmers Union, 310

  Farr, Walter, 467

  Fauntroy, Walter, 217

  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 151;

  campaign to destroy Martin Luther King, 216–17;

  and march on Pentagon, 422

  Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 451–52

  Federal Council on the Arts and Humanities, 443

  Federal Reserve Board: inability to control interest rates, 367; 1965

  increase in discount rate, 364, 365; 1967

  increase in discount rate, 371

  Feighan, Michael A., 252–56, 260

  Feldman, Myer, 158;

  and immigration reform, 252, 253;

  and 1964

  presidential campaign, 146

  Feuer, Lewis S., 402

  Finney, Tom, 138;

  and 1964 presidential campaign, 146

  Fire Island National Seashore, 271

  Fisher, Pete, 222

  Fitch, Lyle, 462

  Fitt, Alfred B., 110

  Five O’Clock Club, 146

  Flemming, Arthur S., 162, 199, 290

  Floyd, Charles F., 303

  Folsom, Marion B., 199

  Fong, Hiram, 239

  Forand, Aime, 158, 173

  Ford, Gerald, 22;

  and Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 196;

  “Get Out of Vietnam” policy, 415;

  and highway beautification bill, 302;

  and Medicare bill, 170

  Ford Foundation: and educational television, 452;

  Gray Areas Project, 88, 89;

  pilot program on urban problems, 458;

  support for public broadcasting, 454

  Forest Service, 272;

  multiple use policies, 274–75;

  wilderness lands, 278

  Forman, James, 79, 228, 233, 402

  Forrestal, James, 356

  Forrestal, Michael, 333

  Fortas, Abe, 21, 24, 418;

  and 1964

  presidential campaign, 145;

  support of Vietnam War, 480, 481;

  and Walter Jenkins affair, 152;

  and Warren Commission, 22;

  “Wise Men” meetings, 425

  Fowler, Henry H., 31, 147, 364;

  on impact of reserve call-up, 479;

  and price stability commission, 366–67;

  and surtax bill, 367, 370, 371, 372–74;

  and tax-cut bill, 36

  Frank, Gerold, 493

  Frankenheimer, John, 503

  Freedom House: peace award to Johnson, 411

  Freedom Movement, 398

  Freeman, Orville, 30, 105, 516;

  relationship with Udall, 269;

  support for Wilderness Act, 276

  Free Press (Detroit), 154

  Free Speech Movement, 403—7

  Freer, Charles, 447

  Friedman, Milton, 144

  Friendly, Fred, 66

  Frome, Michael, 273, 275

  Frost, Robert, 441

  Frye, Marquette, 383, 385

  Frye, Ronald, 383

  Fulbright, J. William, 166, 251;

  hearings on Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 380;

  hearings on Vietnam War, 411;

  on limitations of U.S. power in Vietnam, 473;

  and Medicare bill, 167, 175, 176;

  on Model Cities Act, 466;

  opposition to bombing of North Vietnam, 408;

  and tax-cut bill, 35

  Gaither, James: task force on financing public broadcasting, 456

  Galbraith, John Kenneth, 24, 327, 341, 459, 483;

  The Affluent Society, 86;

  on Johnson’s credibility problem, 536;

  opposition to Vietnam War, 327;

  teacher corps proposal, 199

  Gallinee, 280

  Galton, Francis, 245

  Gammino,
Michael A., 456

  Gardner, John W., 178, 184;

  and automobile emissions standards, 293, 296;

  and Carnegie Commission on Educational Television, 453;

  concern about shift of funds to Vietnam, 410;

  concern about Vietnam War, 380;

  and education task force, 186–87, 187–88, 203;

  and industry proposal on air pollution, 296;

  on LBJ’s running for reelection, 471;

  opposition to House AFDC amendments, 434, 436;

  opposition to reorganization of Department of Interior, 285;

  resignation, 372;

  restrictions on sulfur dioxide emissions, 296;

  as Secretary of HEW, 471;

  and sulfur research appropriation, 297;

  and withholding of federal funds for Chicago schools, 394–95

  Garner, John Nance, 3

  Garrow, David J., 79

  Gary, Romain, 501

  Gavin, James M., 410, 483

  Gelb, Leslie H., 356

  Geneva conference of 1954, 325

  Giap, Vo Nguyen, 325, 351, 476

  Gila National Forest, 275

  Gilbert, Jacob, 255

  Gilligan, James P., 275

  Gilpatric, Roswell, 335

  Ginsberg, Allen, 382, 512

  Ginsburg, David, 366;

  and price stability commission, 366—67;

  support for surtax, 367

  Gitlin, Todd, 400

  Glazer, Nathan, 407, 460

  Godkin Lectures, 401

  Goebbels, Joseph, 526

  Goering, Hermann, 526

  Goldberg, Arthur, 361;

  opposition to continued bombing of North Vietnam, 480

  Goldberg, Irving, 15

  Goldberg, Jackie, 404

  Goldman, Eric, 381–82;

  on Vietnam War, 562 n.1

  Goldstein, Ira, 504

  Goldwasser, Michael, 122

  Goldwater, Baron, 122

  Goldwater, Barry M., 118;

  as author, 550 n.2;

  campaigning for Republicans, 124;

  The Conscience of a Conservative, 124, 550 n.2;

  decision to run for president, 124—26;

  emphasis on nuclear war, 147—48;

  hawkishness toward Vietnam, 330;

  intelligence, 123;

  legislative interest, 123–24;

  personality, 123;

  presidential campaign, 143—45;

  primary campaign, 127–29, 130;

  public perception of as racist, 149;

  public perception of as radical, 149;

  and Senate Civil Rights Act debate, 76, 77;

  and Tonkin Gulf incident, 337;

  vote against Medicare, 167;

  Why Not Victory?, 147

  Goldwater, Margaret Johnson, 123

  Goodell, Charles E., 108, 194

  Goodman, Andrew, 137

  Goodman, Paul: Growing Up Absurd, 400

  Goodwin, Richard N.: and education task force, 186;

  establishment of task forces, 459;

  Great Society concept, 131—32;

  and “guns and butter” speech, 320, 321;

  on Johnson’s mental stability, 343;

  on Johnson’s paranoia, 541, 542;

  and 1964 presidential campaign, 145, 150;