Guns or Butter
Page 93
Ticonderoga, 336
Times (Los Angeles), 154
Tocker, Philip, 300, 301, 303
Tompkins, Dorothy Campbell, 84
Tonkin, 324
Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 337–38, 534, 564 n.4
Torrey Canyon disaster, 287
Tower, John: amendment to Civil Rights
Act of 1964, 74;
and Model Cities Act, 466;
and Senate Civil Rights Act debate, 76
Tramburg, John, 157
Tribune (Chicago), 151, 154
Trilling, Lionel, 118
Truman, Harry, 4, 7, 177;
decision to withdraw from 1952 race, 487;
and federal support for arts, 440;
support for District of Columbia home rule, 313;
veto of McCarran-Walter Act, 249
Tucker, Raymond R., 187
Twentieth Century Fund, 3
Twenty-fourth Amendment, 223
Tydings, Joe, 415
Tyler, Ralph W., 187
U. S. Civil Rights Commission, 223
U. S. Conference of Mayors: reaction to Johnson’s education legislation, 193
U. S. Constitution: Fifteenth Amendment, 222;
and the vice presidency, 3
U. S. House of Representatives: Rules Committee, 47–49, 169.
See also specific legislation
U. S. Senate: hearings on bombing of Vietnam, 356–57;
Rule 22, 44;
Subcommittee on the Arts, 443;
traditional understanding over closing debate, 71.
See also specific legislation
U. S. Supreme Court: upholding of Voting Rights Act, 243
Udall, Morris, 415
Udall, Stewart L., 30, 71, 258, 265–66;
change in oil-import policy, 296;
contributions to Johnson presidency, 530;
and effects of Vietnam War on conservation funding, 273;
establishment of Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, 269;
naming of District of Columbia Stadium, 305—6;
and national seashore parks, 267;
on Night Comes to the Cumberlands, 90;
plan to reorganize Department of Interior, 285;
on pollution as natural resource issue, 284–85;
proposed conservation fund, 270;
public lands proposal, 304–5;
reaction to Silent Spring, 265;
relationship with Freeman, 269;
relationship with JFK, 267;
relationship with Johnsons, 267;
as Secretary of Interior, 266–67;
and War on Poverty program, 101;
and Wilderness Act, 276, 277–78
Uecker, Karl, 503
Union-Leader (Manchester, N.H.), 128
United Auto Workers, 25
United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa, 442
United Steelworkers, 360–61
United Student Aid Fund, 206
United Ukrainian Relief, 249
University of California, Berkeley: in 1964, 401;
Committee on Academic Freedom recommendations, 406;
Free Speech Movement, 403–7, 567 n.8;
under Kerr, 402;
United Front, 403–5
University of Michigan: teach-in, 381
University of Wisconsin: antiwar demonstrations, 420
Unruh, Jesse, 486, 503
Urban problems, 458
Urban unrest, 417–19;
in response to King assassination, 496–97
Ursin, Edmund, 291, 303
Vagnozzi, Egidio, 190
Valenti, Jack, 17, 18, 97, 141;
on Corporation for Public Broadcasting board of directors, 456;
and ESEA, 190–91;
and “guns and butter” speech, 320, 321;
and Immigration Act of 1965, 256–57;
and Kennedy assassination, 16;
and 1964 presidential campaign, 145;
response to Johnson’s rage, 541;
and response to Watts Riot, 386;
and voting rights speech, 235
Valeo, Frank, 70
Valeriani, Richard, 222
van Loon, Hendrick Willem, 262
Vance, Cyrus, 110, 335;
and Califano, 318;
and Detroit riots, 419;
and Paris peace talks, 518;
proposal for federal troops in Selma, 232;
support for disengagement in Vietnam, 481
Vernon, Raymond, 460
Vietcong, 326, 347
Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh Trail, 326;
military conditions, 330;
transformation by war, 349–50;
unification, 532;
war with France, 325
Vietnam Day Committee, 382
Vietnam Independence League (Vietminh), 325
Vietnam veterans, 534;
post-traumatic stress disorder, 532—33
Vietnam War: American opposition to, 379, 408—10;
American public opinion after Tet offensive, 476–77;
Battle of Khe Sanh, 475—76;
conditions of American soldiers, 353–54;
costs of, 352, 369;
DeSoto missions, 336;
division of public into hawks and doves, 330;
dollar cost, 533;
draft evasion, 536;
early bombing strikes, 345–46;
economic impact, 358;
Flaming Dart, 345;
following Johnson’s speech calling for peace, 492–93;
hawks vs. doves, 326–27;
human toll, 532–33;
My Lai, 536;
National Security Council Working Group report, 338—42;
OPLAN 34-A, 335;
“pacification” program, 351, 352;
Paris peace talks, 492;
as resistance to Communist expansion, 339;
Rolling Thunder, 345, 351–52;
as televised war, 380–81;
Tet offensive, 473–75, 476
Viorst, Milton, 388
Vivian, C. T., 221
Volcker, Paul, 207
Volunteers for America (Volunteers in Service to America, VISTA), 105, 112
Voting Rights Act of 1965, 176;
administration bill, 236–37;
“American Flag amendment,” 239–40;
effects of, 242–43;
in House of Representatives, 240;
implementation, 241—44;
poll tax issue, 238–39;
in Senate, 237–41;
signing, 241;
upholding by Supreme Court, 243–44
Wachtel, Harry, 233
Wage-price guideposts, 360, 366
Waggoner, Joe D., 208
Wagner, Robert F. Jr., 88, 238, 308
Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act of 1935), 308
Wagner-Murray-Dingell bill, 157, 163, 173
Walker, John, 451
Wallace, George, 43, 137;
meeting with LBJ to discuss Selma, 230–31;
and 1968 presidential race, 508, 517, 521;
request for federal troops to Selma, 232;
and Selma to Montgomery march, 226, 228;
and voting rights campaign, 220
Wallace, Lurleen, 508
Walling, William English, 400
Walt, Lewis, 351
Walter, Francis E., 250
War on Poverty: community action program, 88, 95–97, 104–5, 112, 113;
conflict within Johnson administration, 95–98;
task force on poverty, 100–6.
See also Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
Warnke, Paul, 479
Warren, Earl, 21–22, 61, 243;
and Commission on the Assassination of
President John F. Kennedy (Warren Commission), 22–23
Washington Ad Hoc Viet Nam Draft Committee, 414
Washington Post:
reaction to Johnson’s education legislation, 192–93
&nbs
p; Water pollution, 279–81, 282;
and effluent fees, 288;
of intrastate waterways, 288
Water Pollution Control Act of 1948, 282
Water Pollution Control Administration, 284
Water Quality Act of 1965: conference report, 284;
failure of, 286–88;
in the House, 283–84;
Muskie’s original bill, 282–83;
Muskie’s revised bill, 283;
in the Senate, 283
Watson, Marvin, 202, 482, 486, 511
Watson, Thomas J., Jr., 294
Wallenberg, Ben, 411
Watts, John C., 160, 164–65
Watts Riot, 383–88;
analyses of, 388–89;
inventory of damage, 386–87
Weaver, Robert C., 459;
and Model Cities Act, 464–65, 466, 467, 468;
secretary of Housing and Urban Development, 462
Webb, James, 335
Weber, Peter, 366
Webster, Daniel, 3
Weinberg, Jack, 404
Welch, Robert, 120
Wells, Tom, 381
Welsh, Matthew E., 137
Weltner, Charles, 78
Weslmoreland, William C., 345;
and Battle of Khe Sanh, 476;
as commander of Vietnam War, 349;
misreading of Vietnam situation, 351;
request for more troops, 347, 360, 477, 478;
“search and destroy” strategy, 352–53;
on secrecy of Vietnam escalation, 346;
strategy for victory in Vietnam, 350–51;
support for continued bombing of North Vietnam, 480
Whalen, Charles and Barbara, 54;
on the Civil Rights Act filibuster, 65, 71, 76;
on Dirksen, 68;
on Humphrey, 60
Wheeler, Earle, 357;
and Johnson’s Vietnam policy, 339
Whiston, Frank, 396
White, E. B., 262
White, F. Clifton, 121, 124–30
White, Lee C., on Voting Rights Act of 1965, 79, 174;
on Johnson’s personality, 538;
and voting rights campaign, 220, 221;
and Wilderness Act, 276
White, Mel: task force on financing public broadcasting, 456
White, Theodore H., 486, 488, 491;
on 1964 Democratic convention, 136, 140, 143;
on Goldwater’s New Hampshire campaign, 129;
on Jenkins affair, 151;
on Nixon-Agnew ticket, 508;
on 1964 presidential campaign, 145, 146, 150
White, William S., 7
White House Conference on “America the Beautiful”: panel on roadside control, 299–301
White House Conference on Conservation, 270
White House Task Force on Education, 203
White House Task Force on the Quality of the Environment, 279
White River National Forest, 275
Wickenden, Elizabeth, 158, 159, 432
Wicker, Tom: on peace movement, 412
Wiesner, Jerome B., 264
Wilderness Act, 274, 279;
in House, 277–78;
National Wilderness Preservation System, 278;
provisions, 276;
in Senate, 276–77
Wilderness Society, 275, 277, 300
Wiley, George A., 433
Wilkins, Roy, 45, 52, 79, 417, 498
Willcox, Alanson W., 204, 210
Williams, Hosea, 226, 227, 228, 230
Williams, John, 75, 168, 434, 435;
and taxcut bill, 35
Williams, Josephine, 122
Williamson, Kenneth, 163
Willis, Benjamin C., 394
Willis, Ed, 51
Willkie, Wendell, 118
Wilson, Henry Hall, 254, 293, 429;
contributions to Johnson presidency, 531;
and Medicare bill, 161, 165, 166–67, 168;
and Model Cities Act, 464–65
Wilson, James Q., 458
Wilson, Woodrow, 247, 488–89;
New Freedom statutes, 527
Winters, Shelley, 234
Wirtz, Willard, 30, 94;
and amendments to Fair Labor Standards Act, 427–30;
analysis of the black family, 390;
and attempt to repeal Section 14b of Taft-Hartley, 309–10, 312;
on Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, 108, 113;
and Job Corps, 103, 104;
and Model Cities, 463;
and 1964 presidential campaign, 145;
and USW contract negotiations, 361;
and War on Poverty program, 94, 98
Wise, David, 534, 536;
on Johnson’s Vietnam dilemma, 343;
on National Security Action Memorandum No. 328, 346–47;
on Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 338
“Wise Men,” 424–25, 480–81
Witcover, Jules, 506, 520
The Witness, 154
Witte, Edwin E., 157
Women’s rights: discrimination in labor market, 52–53;
protective legislation, 52–53
Wood, George, 357
Wood, Robert C., 458, 459;
and Model Cities Act, 464–65;
as under secretary of Housing and Urban Development, 462;
and Task Force on Metropolitan and Urban Problems, 460;
and Task Force on Model Cities, 462
Woodcock, Leonard, 453
Wright, Stephen J., 187
Wurster, Catherine Bauer, 460
Wyatt, Robert, 190
Wylie, Laurence, 333
Xenia, Ohio, 49
Yale Draft Refusal Committee, 416
Yarborough, Ralph, 75, 76, 199, 227
Yarmolinsky, Adam: ousting from poverty program, 549 n.8;
and passage of Economic Opportunity Act, 107—11;
and 1964 presidential campaign, 146;
and War on Poverty program, 100—6
Yippies (Youth International Party), 512–13
Ylvisaker, Paul, 88, 89, 101, 460
Yorty, Sam, 389
Young, Andrew, 138;
meeting with FBI, 217–18;
and Selma to Montgomery march, 220, 225–26, 227, 228
Young, Whitney, 76, 77, 79, 106, 417;
Task Force on Model Cities, 462
Young Americans for Freedom (YAFs), 119
Younger, Evelle, 505
Youth International Party (Yippies), 512–13
Zacharias, Jerrold R., 187
Zahniser, Howard, 274, 275—76, 277, 278
Zaroulis, Nancy, 411
Zelman, Patricia, 54
Zhou Enlai, 325
Zimmerman, Edwin M., 296
Zwick, Charles, 373;
task force on financing public broadcasting, 456